Naresh Krishna Vissa

• PhD
• Associate Professor at National Institute of Technology Rourkela

The present study aims to analyze the available Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase-2 (OMIP2) models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase-6 (CMIP6) group in representing the seasonal mean variations of temperature and salinity. The skill of the models in representing seasonal mean biases of temperature and salinity is assessed...

We explore the possible relationship between anthropogenic crustal unloading, induced by groundwater extraction in the Haouz plain surrounding region, and the occurrence of the 8 September 2023 Mw 6.8 earthquake in the High Atlas Mountains (Morocco). Groundwater extraction from unconfined shallow aquifers surrounding Marrakesh in the Haouz plain su...

In this study, we analysed the influence of prevailing atmospheric oscillations at different scales on tropical cyclones (TC) movement over the Bay of Bengal. Composite analysis of dynamic and thermodynamic variables are investigated with and without TC during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The composite features analysed at multi-scales cle...

India experienced several unprecedented floods in the recent decades. The increase in the extreme rainfall events (EREs) is the primary cause for these floods, manifesting its societal impacts. The daily downscaled and bias corrected (DBC) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) are prepared...

Sources of moisture-feeding for the incipient tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are least explored. Using a three-dimensional Lagrangian model running with NCEP-FNL data, the present work identified various source locations and major transport routes that contributed moisture to pre- and post-monsoon TCs genesis (TCG) over the Bo...

The present study investigates the mixed layer variations near mesoscale eddies in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) using satellite altimeter and Argo data. Furthermore, the factors responsible for sea surface variations near mesoscale eddies are analyzed using the mixed layer heat and salinity budgets estimated from Argo profiles. In the diagnostic mixed l...

In the present study, the properties of Marine Heatwave (MHW) events over the North Bay of Bengal (BoB) are investigated during the boreal summer monsoon season. In recent decades (2001–2021), an increase in frequency and duration of MHW events are depicted, prominently after 2010. This accelerated trend in MHW events duration is primarily driven b...

The present study investigates the properties of Marine Heatwave (MHW) events over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the boreal summer monsoon season. In recent decades (2001-2021), an increase in the frequency and duration of MHW events has been depicted. The rapid ocean warming primarily drives this accelerated trend in MHW events duration and is a...

In the present study, the properties of Marine Heatwave (MHW) events over the North Bay of Bengal (BoB) are investigated during the Indian summer monsoon season for the periods of 40 years (1982-2021). In recent decades (2001-2021), an increase in frequency and duration of MHW events are depicted, prominently after 2010. This accelerated trend in M...

The present study focuses on the variability of subsurface ocean temperature and associated planetary waves (oceanic Kelvin and Rossby waves) in the Indian Ocean during the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) phases in the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years. To accomplish this, multi-sensor datasets have been considered for the period 1980...

Intensity and frequency of short duration precipitation extremes are expected to increase under a warming climate at ~7%/K, following the Clausius-Claypeyron scaling relationship. Recent studies have analysed global and regional scaling rates for precipitation extremes against temperature over an annual period, however assessment of seasonal variat...

This work investigates the mechanism of the extremely heavy rainfall event during 7–10 August 2019 in Kerala. As the skill of WRF model for simulating the heavy rainfall strongly depends on the choice of cloud microphysics (CMP), sensitivity analysis is performed using cloud resolving WRF simulations with different CMP schemes to assess their perfo...

The present study investigates the variation in large-scale environments during the maximum intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) formed in the Bay of Bengal. TC tracks are classified into four groups based on their direction of movement using the k-means clustering technique. Results from the pressure level and azimuthal-averaged radial-height wind...

Mesoscale eddies are the important phenomenon of world oceans that play a prominent role in influencing the near‐surface atmosphere and transport of heat. Ocean and atmosphere responses due to the presence of oceanic mesoscale eddies are not well studied in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) region. The present study analysed the ocean and atmospheric...

In recent years, and particularly from 2000 onwards, the North Indian Ocean (NIO) has been acting as a major sink of ocean heat that is clearly visible in the sub-surface warming trend. Interestingly, a part of the NIO—the Arabian Sea (AS) sector—witnessed dramatic variations in recent sub-surface warming that has direct repercussion on intense Tro...

This study is aimed at investigating the various sub-daily extreme rainfall characteristics over India. The rainfall frequency percentage and skill score metrics were used to understand the relationship with the diurnal cycle of rainfall and the distribution of daytime (nighttime) extreme rainfall. Further, this study attempts to understand the syn...

Precipitation extremes are a major impact-relevant implication of climate change. Rising temperatures increase the moisture holding capacity at a rate of ≈7%K-1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\...

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the administration to lock down in many countries globally to stop the spread. As the lockdown phase had only the emergency use of transportation and most of the industries were shut down, there was an apparent reduction in pollution. With the end of the lockdown period, pollution is returning to its regul...

During the pre-monsoon season (March–May), eastern and north-eastern India receives frequent thunderstorms. These thunderstorm events are responsible for sudden wind gusts, high rainfall and associated lightning, which destroy property, the environment and human habitats. As thunderstorms are short span events with high vertical cloud development,...

The understanding of various characteristics of rainfall is essential for water resources management. However, the highly varying nature of rainfall is constrained in accurate estimation of rainfall over a particular region. Such variability in rainfall leads to either floods or droughts, and both are potentially catastrophic. Moreover, anthropogen...

El-Niño and La-Niña are believed to change the intensity and frequencies of extreme weather events globally. The present study aims to analyse the impact of El-Niño and La-Niña on the lightning activities of cloud systems and their associated precipitation and thermodynamic indices over the Eastern India regions (Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal)...

Historical runs of 30 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase-6 (CMIP6) General circulation models (GCMs) are evaluated for the representation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations (BSISO). Several statistical metrics were developed to evaluate the characteristic features of BSISO, such as propagation, phase speed, and exchange of air-sea...

The present work analyses climatological variations of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Convective Inhibition (CIN) over the eastern India (Odisha, West Bengal and Jharkhand) during the pre-monsoon season, where thunderstorms are frequent and disastrous. The work utilises European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) rea...

The present work analyses climatological variations of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Convective Inhibition (CIN) over the eastern India (Odisha, West Bengal and Jharkhand) during the pre-monsoon season, where thunderstorms are frequent and disastrous. The work sutilises European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) re...

This study uses the 30 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase-6 (CMIP6) to examine the simulations of the surplus/deficit Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and its associated air-sea interactions on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. The majority of the CMIP6 models simulate the seasonal mea...

The present study aims to characterize the synoptic atmospheric circulations and precursors of the extreme rainfall events (ERE) over the South Indian Peninsula (SIP). The ERE is identified using a standardized precipitation index (SPI) from the daily TRMM 3B42 rainfall data. The composite maps of various diagnostic atmospheric variables are analyz...

Tropical cyclones are considered as one of the most intense case of air–sea interaction processes. Tropical cyclones receive energy from the upper ocean surface through exchanges of momentum and enthalpy fluxes. Ocean wind-generated surface gravity waves play a vital role in modulating the ocean surface conditions and momentum fluxes. Therefore, un...

Besides the global crisis of the novel COVID-19 outbreak, we have presented the other side towards an environmental perspective. Due to the economic shutdown of major cities, the novel COVID-19 outbreak has significantly influenced air quality in the atmosphere and also affected the tropospheric refraction on Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS...

Present study aims to assess the Indian Ocean upwelling zones and its relationship with the Indian monsoon. Assessment of upwelling zones are examined by using fine resolution satellite sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration and reanalysis nitrate (NO3), surface wind speed, mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and precipitation produc...

The aerosol concentrations are changing in rapid phase in the recent decades over Indian subcontinent. A general conclusion that is postulated from various studies indicated high aerosol loading over the Indian subcontinent. The aerosol concentrations are found to alter cloud-precipitation chemistry globally. Analysing the trends of aerosol concent...

Cyclone Amphan (May 2020) is one of the strongest cyclones in the recent decade during premonsoon season in the North Indian Ocean. Satellite, observational and reanalysis data products were analysed before, during and after the passage of Amphan to understand the role of ocean–atmosphere interactions for the rapid intensification, recurvature and...

The impact of different surface roughness schemes in air-sea coupling on simulating tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Bay of Bengal is analyzed using Weather Research and Forecasting-Ocean Mixed layer (WRF-OML) modeling system. The sensitivity of three surface roughness schemes is tested by conducting three experiments for seven TCs namely Phailin (...

This study examines the impact of assimilation of the surface winds obtained from SCATterometer SATellite-1 (SCATSAT-1) in predicting the tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using a coupled ocean-atmospheric model. Three sets of numerical experiments are conducted for six cyclones during post-monsoon (VARDAH, GAJA, PHETHAI) and pre-monsoon cyc...

The non-tectonic deformation, either of natural or anthropogenic origin, may influence the earthquake occurrence process and seismicity rate along the plate-boundary or ‘stable’ plate-interiors domains. The low magnitude but moderate seismicity rate of Delhi region on the stable plate-interiors domains of India, exhibits significant variation both...

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations (BSISO) are the prominent features of South Asian summer monsoon and mainly governed by the internal atmospheric dynamics and air-sea interactions. The present study aims to understand and evaluate the relationship between the convection and the associated air-sea interactions during the BSISO over the I...

Particulate emissions can alter the physical and dynamical properties of cloud systems and, in turn, amplify rainfall events over orographic regions downwind of highly polluted urban areas. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, one of the most polluted regions of the world, is located upwind of the Himalayan foothills. The region, therefore, provides an opportu...

The present study investigates the air pollution pattern over India during the COVID-19 lockdown period (24 March–31 May 2020), pre-lockdown (1–23 March 2020) and the same periods from 2019 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra aerosol optical depth (AOD) with level 2 (10 km × 10 km) and level 3 (1o × 1o gridded) collect...

Thermodynamic indices have been used as a tool for nowcasting thunderstorms for decades. The present study deals with understanding the variations in threshold values of various thermodynamic indices during pre-monsoon season at two north-eastern Indian stations: Agartala and Guwahati. The study utilises thirty years (1987–2016) of radiosonde data,...

The present study analyses thermodynamic indices variation over three sites of eastern Indian region: Bhubaneswar, Kolkata and Ranchi, associated with pre-monsoon thunderstorms for 20-year period (1987–2006) for Bhubaneswar and Kolkata and 15 years (1996–2010) for Ranchi. All three sites are showing a rise in humidity over the period, unveiling the...

Particulate emissions can alter the physical and dynamical properties of cloud systems and in turn amplify rainfall events over orographic regions downwind of highly polluted urban areas. The Indo-Gangetic Plains, one of the most polluted regions of the world, is located upwind of Himalayan foothills. The region, therefore, provides an opportunity...

The relationship between extreme rainfall events (ERE) and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Indian Subcontinent is intriguing. In this regard, the study investigates in detail the association between the ERE and the MJO. Daily Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data were used for the period 1998–2015. The real‐time multivariate...

The sensitivity of the simulated tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and tracks to the different ocean mixed-layer depth (MLD) initializations is studied using coupled weather research and forecasting (WRF) and ocean mixed-layer (OML) models. Four sets of numerical experiments are conducted for two TCs formed during the pre-and post-monsoon. In the con...

The present study aims to understand the mesoscale eddies induced mixed layer and barrier layer dynamics in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Mesoscale eddies in the BoB are identified using an autonomous eddy identification and tracking algorithm, which is employed to weekly gridded multi-mission altimeter sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) data for of 20...

The present study aims to elucidate the intraseasonal oscillations (ISO) of atmospheric convection and air–sea fluxes over the Indian region during summer monsoon season. To accomplish this, the study employs the extended empirical orthogonal function-based bimodal ISO index developed by Kikuchi et al. [Clim Dyn 38(9–10):1989–2000, 2012]. The propa...

Study of induced, triggered, stimulated and nuance earthquakes can provide a unique opportunity to probe into stress/frictional conditions on the subsurface fault. Although mechanism of faulting is tectonically driven phenomenon, anthropogenic crustal (un-)loading process can also drive long-term fault slip or modulate seismicity in the nearby seis...

The present study aims to quantify the interannual variations of groundwater storage changes (GWSC) over India. GWSC are derived from GRACE and GLADS-Noah LSM model for the period 2003-2015. Estimated GWSC are validated with the satellite altimetry over the six lake stations. Variability of GWSC and altimetry water level heights are assessed with t...

This study aims to quantify the interannual variations of groundwater storage changes (GWSCs) overIndia. GWSCs are derived from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and global land data assimilation system (GLDAS)-Noah life safety model (LSM) for the period 2003–2015. EstimatedGWSCs are validated with the satellite altimetry over the...

Warm tropical Ocean plays a major role in the intensification process of tropical cyclones (TC). Many studies have documented the role and response of ocean in TC through mesoscale eddies and sea surface cooling. However, the present study specially focused to understand how mesoscale eddies modulates during the passage of TC. The study considered...

The present study aims to elucidate the intraseasonal oscillations (ISO) of atmospheric convection and air-sea fluxes over the Indian region during summer monsoon season. To accomplish this, the study employs the extended empirical orthogonal function-based bimodal ISO index developed by Kikuchi et al. [Clim Dyn 38(9-10):1989-2000, 2012]. The propa...

Our study aims to understand the variability of oceanic mesoscale eddies during contrasting (2009 and 2013) monsoon seasons and the role of such eddies on atmospheric deep convection over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Oceanic eddies are detected and tracked using sea surface height anomalies (SSHA), by employing the Okubo-Weiss parameter eddy detection...

The interaction between seasonally-induced non-tectonic and tectonic deformation along the Himalayan plate boundary remains debated. Here, we propose that tectonic deformation along this plate boundary can be significantly influenced by the deformation induced by the non-tectonic hydrological loading cycles. We explore seasonal mass oscillations by...

Our study aims to understand the variability of oceanic mesoscale eddies during contrasting (2009 and 2013) monsoon seasons and the role of such eddies on atmospheric deep convection over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Oceanic eddies are detected and tracked using sea surface height anomalies (SSHA), by employing the Okubo-Weiss parameter eddy detection...

The present study aims to understand the influence of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the seasonal and diurnal characteristics (amplitude and phase) of rainfall over the Indian subcontinent (lat. 10°S–38°N, long. 60°–100°E). The study is conducted for the period 1998–2015 and for each Indian season. To accomplish this, the Tropical Rainfall...

The process of interseismic strain accumulation across the Nepal Himalaya is associated with micro seismicity (also called mid-crustal seismicity) which occurs along the mid-crustal ramp on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The seismicity shows strong annual periodicity in response to the annual stress variation of hydrological loads. We report domi...

Tropical cyclone (TC) is an important research area since it has a significant impact on human life, properties and environment. The researchers all over the world have been studying fundamental and advanced processes to better understand and thereby predict the genesis and evolution of TCs. This review chapter provides a brief overview on TC clima...

Groundwater usage in the Indo-Gangetic plains exceeds replenishment of aquifers, leading to substantial reduction in the mass. Such anthropogenic crustal unloading may promote long-term fault slip or may modulate seismic activity in the adjoining Himalayan region. Our simulation using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data and hydrological mo...

In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of salinity stratification on the SST during the tropical cyclone (TC) passage. In this context, a severe post monsoon cyclone, Sidr, (Category 4) that developed over the south-eastern Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 11-16 November, 2007 was chosen as a case study. Pre-existence of...

In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the role of South China Sea (SCS) convection associated with northerly cold surges and Typhoon Peipah in initiating Cyclone Sidr in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The variation of air sea fluxes during the entire history of Cyclone Sidr tracking before its landfall over Bangladesh was also studied. T...

The aim of the present study is to understand the impact of oceanic heat potential in relation to the intensity of tropical cyclones (TC) in the Bay of Bengal during the pre-monsoon (April–May) and post-monsoon (October–November) cyclones for the period 2006–2010. To accomplish this, the two-layer gravity model (TLGM) is employed to estimate daily...

In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of salinity stratification on the SST during the tropical cyclone (TC) passage. In this context, a severe post monsoon cyclone, Sidr, (Category 4) that developed over the southeastern Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 11-16 November, 2007 was chosen as a case study. Pre-existence of a...

The variability of mixed layer depth (MLD) and barrier layer thickness (BLT) has profound implications on energy exchange processes at the air-sea interface. More important is the role of MLD and BLT in the genesis and intensification of weather systems. The physical and chemical changes that take place within these layers have significance on biol...

In this study, variability of two oceanic cyclogenesis metrics, tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis (EOLC) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during NARGIS cyclone is investigated. EOLC represents the geopotential thickness of near surface stratified layer forms because of the spread of low salinity waters du...

Variation of atmospheric thermodynamical structure parameters between days of thunderstorm occurrence and non-occurrence is presented based on data sets obtained during Severe Thunderstorm-Observations and Regional Modeling (STORM) experiments conducted over Kharagpur (22.3°N, 87.2°E) in pre-monsoon season of 2009 and 2010. Potential instability (s...

In recent years occurrence of severe tropical cyclones (TC) over the north Indian Ocean (NIO) exhibits an increasing trend. Ocean plays an important role in the intensification of cyclones by supplying heat energy from warm waters accounted through surface heat fluxes. With the availability of high density of ARGO profiling floats and multiple sate...

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal,...

The variability of mixed layer depth (MLD) and barrier layer thickness (BLT) has profound implications on energy exchange processes at the air-sea interface. More important is the role of MLD and BLT in the genesis and intensification of weather systems. The physical and chemical changes that take place within these layers have significance on biol...

The pre-monsoon convective atmosphere over Kolkata (22.52°N, 88.37°E) during STORM field phase 2006–2008 is investigated using 12 UTC radiosonde data and thermodynamic indices. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the skill of various indices and parameters and to propose suitable threshold values in forecasting the occurrence o...