Narayanappa Amruta

Tulane University | TU · Department of Neurosurgery

Introduction: Although SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of mild to severe symptoms, the pathophysiology of acute and long-term neurological manifestations remains elusive. The arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif of the viral spike protein may use to bind integrins receptors in the CNS, which play an important role in cerebrovascular int...

Background Vascular Dementia (VaD) is the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has a profound association with the morbidity and mortality of COVID‐19. Recent evidence demonstrates that preexisting vascular dementia is associated with increased COVID‐19 incidence and worsened outcomes after COVID‐19 infection. Collec...

Effective measures are needed to prevent the spread and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Chemical inactivation may help to prevent the spread and transmission of this and other viruses. Hence, we tested the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity of acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, in vitro. Inactivation and binding assays suggest t...

Increasing evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection impacts neurological function both acutely and chronically, even in the absence of pronounced respiratory distress. Developing clinically relevant laboratory mouse models of the neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is an important step towa...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection may impact neurological function acutely or chronically, even in the absence of severe respiratory illness. Developing clinically relevant laboratory models to understand the neuropathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is an important step towards unravelling this neurologic conse...

COVID‐19 survivors develop neuro‐psychological symptoms as post‐COVID 19 syndromes, although the pathophysiology remains elusive. SARS‐CoV‐2 MA10 (MA10) is a model of mouse‐adapted SARS‐CoV‐2 that recapitulates acute respiratory distress syndrome observed in humans. However, the consequence of MA10 infection on brain pathology is not yet evaluated....

Purpose of Review We highlight important new findings on cardiovascular dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction. Recent Findings Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorial condition which negatively impacts neonatal growth during pregnancy and is associated with health problems during the lifespan. It affects 5–15% of all pr...

Co-infection of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 in adenovirus mediated ACE2 transfected mouse model may increase pulmonary and neurological pathology versus infection with either virus alone

AIM:COVID-19 positive individuals are susceptible to co-infections with other pathogens which may worsen acute illness and long-term outcomes. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that infects children and the elderly and may cause neuroinflammation in adults. We hypothesized that introducing RSV into a SARS-CoV-2 mouse m...

Background: Since time immemorial, humans have identified several herbs to treat various ailments. With the advancement of science and state-of-the-art technologies, different herbal extracts and chemical constituents of herbs were identified as therapeutic targets. Cyperus rotundus, also called mustaka, is one of the most ancient herbs widely dist...

Patients with significant cerebrovascular comorbidities (e.g. brain ischemia, vascular dementia) are more affected and are more likely to have worsened post-acute neurologic sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This may be due to viral invasion and propagation in brain endothelial cells (BECs) and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Viral...

Stroke remains the second leading cause of death globally, with a total of 5.5 million deaths in 2016 and an estimated global lifetime risk of stroke for those aged 25 years or older at 24.9%. A key feature of stroke and poststroke injury is the inflammatory response, which is driven by a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines to include interleukin...

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second-most common form of dementia, accounting for 20% of all dementia cases. Although the pathobiology of VaD is poorly understood and lacks effective treatment, clinically relevant factors such as age and sex are rarely considered in preclinical modeling. This places efforts to develop future therapies at a severe...

We have previously demonstrated the significance of endothelial cell-expressed α5β1 integrin in ischemic stroke, having shown that α5β1 integrin endothelial cell-selective knockout mice are significantly resistance to ischemic stroke injury via preservation of the tight junction protein claudin-5 and subsequent stabilization of the blood–brain barr...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious disease that has spread worldwide. Current treatments are limited in both availability and efficacy, such that improving our understanding of the factors that facilitate infection is urgently needed to more effectively treat infected individuals and to curb the pandemic....

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious disease that has spread worldwide. Current treatments are limited in both availability and efficacy, such that improving our understanding of the factors that facilitate infection is urgently needed to more effectively treat infected individuals and to curb the pandemic....

Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), a model of vascular dementia (VaD), causes cognitive impairment due to white matter injury and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Although risk factors for VaD such as Type-2 diabetes and aging are clinically relevant for therapeutic discovery, they are rarely studied. Recently, we determined that inhibi...

The role of inflammation driven by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) during poststroke injury has been the focus of intense research. Indeed, pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the deleterious actions of IL-1 after stroke, whilst blocking its actions is beneficial in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Whilst most studies have...

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet therapeutic strategies available to treat stroke are very limited. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics that can effectively facilitate functional recovery. The injury that results from stroke is known to induce neurogenesis in penumbra of the infarct region. There is c...

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that severely affects the respiratory system, is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, and is projected to result in the deaths of 2 million people worldwide. Recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 also affects the central nervous system along with other organs. COVID-19-associated complications are observed in older...

Aims In the present study we aimed to investigate Neuroprotective Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi Against BSO Induced Anxiety in Mice. Background Oxidative stress is implicated in nervous system impairment and development of anxiety-like disorders. There is an immediate surge for identification of herbal supplements to treat oxidative stress med...

Background The microbes and host association emerged as a modulator in the modern era of medicine.The cancer and its associated host microbes are collectively referred to as a Cancer Microbiome. Cancer and microbiome have complex characteristics in terms of metabolic plasticity, micro environment remodelling, cellular communications and unique sign...

Stroke is the leading cause of death and the main cause of disability in surviving patients. The detrimental interaction between immune cells, glial cells, and matrix components in stroke pathology results in persistent inflammation that progresses to fibrosis. A substantial effort is being directed toward understanding the exact neuroinflammatory...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or low birth weight has long been recognized as a risk factor for hypertension and metabolic diseases in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The global prevalence of low birthweight ranges from 15–20% of all births, a percentage representing 20 million births each year. In the develo...

Humans experience different kinds of stress as a part of the day to day activity. The manifestation of stress will aggravate based on the physical conditions of individuals and due to their socio-economic situation of living. Herbal extracts have long been used in the traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments because of...

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a seed borne which occurs in all rice growing regions of the country (India) causing yield losses up to 40%. In the present study, we report the efficacy of different bacterial strains through seed priming in reducing the blast disease severity under in vitro, in vivo and field conditions. In vitro...

Plant metabolites are important for both plant life and human nutrition. However, the genetic control of plant metabolome remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a genetic analysis of the different rice metabolome and isozymes which are highly versatile and non-destructive as bio-markers. Five isozymes peroxidase, catalase, malate dehydrogenase...

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy hypertensive disorder that results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the offspring. Adult IUGR individuals have increased risks of developing cardiovascular and renal diseases due to poor kidney development during embryonic stage. The treatment of PE remains ineffective and the mechanism of PE‐induced poo...

Camptothecin, a pyrroloquinoline alkaloid, is one of the most promising anti-cancer drugs. Although this compound has been reported to exist in several species, the highest concentration (about 0.30%) has been reported from Nothapodytes nimmoniana. In this study, we described the dynamics of camptothecin and methoxy camptothecin accumulation during...

Nardostachys jatamansi has profound applications against pharmacological interventions and is categorized as a hypno-sedative drug according to Ayurveda. In the present study probable mechanism of anxiolytic action of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE) was studied using behavioral anxiolytic tests (Elevated plus maze, Open field test, Light dark...

Background and objective: A steep rise in the incidences of neurodegenerative disorders could be the combined effect of several non-genetic factors such as increased life expectancy, environmental pollutants, lifestyle, and dietary habits, as population-level genetic change require multiple generations. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic over...

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify and evaluate the novel bacterial isolates from rice rhizosphere for biocontrol of M. oryzae pathogen. Sixty bacterial strains from the rice plant’s rhizosphere were tested for their biocontrol activity against M. oryzae under in vitro and in vivo....

Herbal medicines are known to mitigate radical induced cell damage. Hence identification and scientific validation of herbal medicines contribute to better use in Ayurvedic/Unani research. In the present study, we investigated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis (C. pluricaulis). C. pluricaulis exhibited antioxidant...

Smoke induced oxidative stress is known to cause various cancers and associated health problems including lung cancer. Herbal extracts have been reported as antioxidant supplements which attenuate free radical induced oxidative damage of tissues, among which Ocimum sanctum has been reported as the elixir of life due to its innumerable health benefi...

Elleteria repens is a large cardamom used in the culinary preparations. In the present study, we have evaluated in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities E. repens hexane extract (ERH) exhibited DPPH and metal chelating activity with IC50 values of 464 ± 28.3 μg/ml, 199 ± 7.2 μg/ml whereas the reducing power and antioxidant activi...

A Soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, isolated from the rhizosphere of rice, showed high biocontrol activity against blast, sheath blight and bacterial blight. In the present study, four B. subtilis strains isolated from paddy soil were studied under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. Among the four strains assayed, UASP17 gave maximum inh...

Hypobaric hypoxia leads to decrease in cellular oxygen content which subsequently damages the hippocampus with an increase in brain oxidative stress and impairs the memory of the individual. In the present study, we have evaluated the cognitive impairment modulating activity of total oligomeric flavonoids fraction of Cyperus rotundus (TOF) in Sprag...

A field experiment was conducted to know the effect of water regimes on seed quality parameters of rice and the was conducted by using factorial randomized complete block design, with two genotypes (BI-33 and Jaya) and two planting methods (Aerobic and Wetland). The resultants seeds were taken to conduct laboratory experiments pertaining to seed qu...

A total 60 bacterial strains from the rice rhizosphere plants grown under submerged conditions were isolated following serial dilution method. Pseudomonas fluorescens (RPf1) and Bacillus subtilis (RBs1) were used as reference culture were tested for their biocontrol activity against the devastating M. oryzae by in vitro and in vivo. Among these iso...

The study was carried out to standardize the optimal growth, sporulation and production of perfect stage of pathogen on different media. Among different media used such as Potato dextrose Agar (PDA), Oat meal Agar, Ragi flour agar, yeast extract + 2% soluble starch, Host extract + 2% soluble sucrose agar, Potato dextrose agar + Biotin + Thiamine an...

Loss in seed quality that occurs during all process, from maturation in the field to storage, leads to seed deterioration. Storage of onion seeds under ambient, hot and humid conditions is very problematic since these conditions deteriorate seed quality faster. Seed deterioration is associated with many metabolic defects that occur due to changes i...

A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi). Experimental results revealed that fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB-Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest test weight (39.27 g), germination (9...

Good storage is the basic requirement in seed production programme as maintenance of high seed viability and vigour from harvest to planting is of utmost importance in a seed production programme. Therefore, inexpensive, simple and practicable technology to prolong the shelf life of seeds under ambient condition is immensely needed. Hence, an exper...

Good storage is the basic requirement in seed production programme as maintenance of high seed viability and vigour from harvest to planting is of utmost importance in a seed production programme. Therefore, inexpensive, simple and practicable technology to prolong the shelf life of seeds under ambient condition is immensely needed. Hence, an exper...

To know the optimum fruit maturity stages, ideal temperature and media, dormancy breaking methods on seed quality parameters of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Surya. Seeds extracted from fruits harvested at 1/4 th 1/2 th ,3/4 th and Complete yellow/orange and after ripening were subjected to dormancy breaking treatments, the result revealed that hig...