Naoki Nishino

Okayama University · Animal Science

This study aimed to determine how milk composition, milk microbiota, and blood metabolites may change during the lactation period in Jersey cows. Milk and jugular blood samples were collected from eight healthy cows every other month from the beginning to the end of their lactation period. Samples of airborne dust were also collected to determine w...

Aims: To obtain insights into how bacterial and fungal microbiota and fermentation products composition are affected by storage temperature for TMR silage, which can be manufactured year-round. Methods and results: TMR silage was stored at 10°C, 25°C, ambient temperature (AT; 20-35°C), and 40°C. Lactic acid production was delayed when stored at...

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a major antibody in the gut. We previously observed that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding reduces IgA reactivity to gut microbiota, but the physiological implications have yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that a reduction of IgA reactivity to gut microbiota induced by HFD may contribute to development of gut dysbiosis and...

Diet is considered the most influential factor in modulating the gut microbiota but how dietary protein sources differ in their modulatory effects is not well understood. In this study, soy, meat (mixture of beef and pork), and fish proteins (experiment 1) and soy, milk (casein), and egg proteins (experiment 2) were fed to rats with cellulose (CEL)...

Microbiota of individual cow milk, bulk tank milk, and feces of Jersey cows were examined. Samples were collected from two farms (F1 and F2) in cool (November, Nov) and hot (July, Jul) seasons. Milk yield and milk composition were similar between the two farms and between the two seasons. Prevalent taxa of the fecal microbiota, i.e. Ruminococcaceae...

Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) is a cyclic oligosaccharide. Oral administration of CNN promotes immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion in the gut. IgA is a major antibody secreted into the gut and plays a crucial role in suppressing gut inflammation due to commensal gut microbiota. To investigate the effect of administration of CNN to promote IgA secreti...

Objective: The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present stud...

The aim of this study was to characterize uterine, fecal, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota from postpartum dairy cows and their environment. The cows were managed by the free-stall housing system, and samples for microbiota and serum metabolite assessment were collected during summer and winter when the cows were at one and two months postpart...

Excessive fat intake is associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. In the present study, we focused on the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) coating of gut microbiota as a mucosal immune response affecting the gut microbiota following a high-fat diet (HFD). The level of SIgA coating of gut microbiota was evaluated in normal-fat diet (NF...

Microbiota of the gut, milk, and cowshed environment were examined at two dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems (AMS). Feed, rumen fluid, feces, milk, bedding, water, and airborne dust were collected and the microbiota on each was assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The most abundant taxa in feed, rumen fluid, feces, bedding, and wate...

Production of tofu and soy milk generates considerable amounts of soybean curd residue (SCR) during the manufacturing process (Hatvani, 2001). About 0.7 million tons of SCR is disposed in Japan annually, but some of them are yet incinerated and landfilled, which costs around 16 billion yen per annum for disposal (Yokoi et al., 2002). SCR is rich in...

Direct-cut (dry matter [DM] 165 g kg−1) and wilted (DM 250 g kg−1) elephant grass silages were prepared in Hue, Vietnam, with and without a mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis (LP+LC) or Lactobacillus buchneri (LB). The silages were stored for 4 months, and fermentation products and aerobic stability were determined. The micro...

Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. Bifidobacterium spp. populations were higher, and propionic acid concentration was lower in soy protein-fed than meat protein-fed rats. Likewise, Enterobacteriacea...

In order to assess the survival of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in whole crop maize silage in the gut of dairy cows, one representative silage sample and three different feces samples were collected from dairy cows on three dairy farms in Hua Bei, China and three dairy farms in Kyushu, Japan. The composition of the bacterial community was examined by...

The microbiota of whole crop corn silage and feces of silage-fed dairy cows were examined. A total of 18 dairy cow feces were collected from six farms in Japan and China, and high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes was performed. Lactobacillaceae were dominant in all silages, followed by Acetobacteraceae...

The microbiota of pre-ensiled crop and silage were examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Wilted Italian ryegrass (IR), whole crop corn (WC), and wilted alfalfa (AL) silages stored for 2 months were examined. All silages contained lactic acid as a predominant fermentation product. Across...

The diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in naturally fermented foods produced in Hue, a city in the central region of Vietnam, was examined. From local markets, a total of 25 samples of three vegetable-based fermented products, specifically dua gia (bean sprouts), dua cai (cabbage), and mang chua (bamboo shoots), and two meat-based fermented pr...

Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. T...

Aim: To gain insights into the bacterial species associated with anaerobic storage and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Methods and results: Wilted alfalfa silage (498 g dry matter·kg(-1) ) was prepared with and without the addition of molasses. Aerobic spoilage tests were conducted at 5, 10, and 60 days after ensiling. The composition of fe...

We investigated the effects of the predominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing soybean curd residue (SC-TMR silage). The SC-TMR materials were ensiled in laboratory silos for 14 or 56 days. LAB predominant in SC-TMR silage were identified (Exp. 1). La...

To study the microbial population and fermentation dynamics of large needlegrass (LN) and Chinese leymus (CL) during ensiling and subsequent exposure to air, silages were sampled and analyzed using culture-based techniques and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A total of 112 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated and identif...

Alfalfa silage (Al) and corn silage (Cs) samples were collected from two large-scale farms in China; one of these farms used stack silos and the other used bunker silos for silage production. Three samples were collected from the upper and lower layers of each silo. Thus, six samples were examined for each of Al-stack, Al-bunker, Cs-stack, and Cs-b...

As a forage source for total mixed ration (TMR) silage production, locally produced crop silage is now used in addition to imported hay. This type of TMR ensiling is regarded as a two-step fermentation process; hence, a survey was carried out to determine whether the bacteria in crop silage affect the subsequent TMR ensiling. Fermentation product c...

The survival of silage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the gut of dairy cows was evaluated by examining the LAB communities of silage and gut contents. Samples were collected at 2 different research institutes (Mie and Okayama) that offered total mixed ration (TMR) silage throughout the year. Silage and feces were sampled in August, October, and Nove...

To evaluate the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage produced in the tropics, rice straw (Rs) and corn stover (Cst) were mixed with molasses (M) and other feeds as TMRs, which were then preserved as silage in Hue, Vietnam. The silages were opened after 4 months, and the microbial counts, fermentation...

The effects of storage period and aerobic deterioration on the bacterial community were examined in Italian ryegrass (IR), guinea grass (GG), and whole-crop maize (WM) silages. Direct-cut forages were stored in a laboratory silo for 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 120 d without any additives; live counts, content of fermentation products, and characteristics...

To evaluate the current practice of corn silage management in China, samples of bunker-made silage were collected from 14 farms within a 500-km radius of Beijing for the analysis of fermentation products and bacterial communities. Mean values for dry matter (DM) content were as low as 250 g/kg in both corn stover (St) and whole crop corn (Wc) silag...

Aims: To examine how storage temperatures influence ensiling fermentation, aerobic stability and microbial communities of total mixed ration (TMR) silage. Methods and results: Laboratory-scale silos were stored at 5, 15, 25 and 35°C for 10, 30 and 90 days. If silage was stored at 5°C, fermentation was weak until day 30, but acceptable lactic aci...

To gain further insights into temperate and tropical grass ensiling, fermentation products and bacterial communities were examined at both the initial and late stages of ensiling of wilted Italian ryegrass and wilted guinea grass silages. 2,3-Butanediol and ethanol fermentation were observed in wilted Italian ryegrass silage. Enterobacteria such as...

In this study, plasma 3-Methylhistidine (3-MH) and other Amino Acids (AA) were measured in high yielding dairy cows between 1 week prepartum and 4 weeks postpartum to evaluate the effect of different protein levels in a postpartum diet on milk performance, metabolites and feed intake. Eleven multiparous cows were used in the study and all received...

Aims: To determine the survival rate of silage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract. Methods and results: Wilted Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage (containing 1·9×10(6) CFU LAB g(-1)) was fed ad libitum to three goats equipped with rumen cannulae. Silage was given alone or with concentrates at a 1:1 r...

Acetic acid is considered an important preservative in tropical grass ensiling. The objective of the current experiments was to follow the ensiling fermentation of low dry matter (DM) tropical grass as a model to study changes in bacterial communities during acetic acid fermentation. Direct-cut and wilted guinea grass silage was prepared with and w...

Whole crop corn silage may be prone to spoilage after exposure to air. To investigate control of fermentation and aerobic spoilage by using silage additives, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus buchneri were added to whole crop corn silage, and shifts in microbial communities were examined. Bacterial and fungal communities were identified by...

To monitor variations in the bacterial community and fermentation products of maize silage within and between bunker silos. Silage samples were collected in 2008 and 2009 from three dairy farms, wherein the farmers arranged for a contractor to produce maize silage using bunker silos. Silage was prepared using a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant...

Effects of the cell wall-degrading enzymes derived from Acremonium cellulolyticus and Trichoderma viride on the silage fermentation and in sacco degradation of tropical grasses i.e. rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth. cv. Callide) and guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Natsukaze) were investigated in laboratory-scale experiments. These two grass...

To understand the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation on fermentation products, aerobic stability and microbial communities of silage. Wilted Italian ryegrass was stored in laboratory silos with and without inoculation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus buchneri. The silos were opened after 14, 56 and 120 days and then subje...

To characterize the bacterial communities in commercial total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which is known to have a long bunk life after silo opening. Samples were collected from four factories that produce TMR silage according to their own recipes. Three factories were sampled three times at 1-month intervals during the summer to characterize the di...

Italian ryegrass (IR), whole crop maize (WM), guinea grass (GG) and rhodes grass (RG) were stored in laboratory silos for 30d with and without Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus brevis inoculation. The grasses were wilted to low moisture levels (about 500g/kg) prior to ensiling, while WM was ensiled directly after harvest. Microbial counts an...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in low-moisture rhodesgrass (Chrolis gayana Kunth) silage, involved in the fermentation process, were determined by plate culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The first harvest of rhodesgrass was wilted (581 g dry matter kg−1) and stored in laboratory silos for 15, 30, 90 and 180 days. The concentra...

To determine the effects of wilting, storage period and bacterial inoculant on the bacterial community and ensiling fermentation of guinea grass silage. Fermentation products, colony counts and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles were determined. There was more lactic acid than acetic acid in all silages, but the lactic acid to...

Laboratory-scale plastic silos were prepared to examine bacterial factors associated with the aerobic stability of total mixed rations (TMR) preserved as a silage after mixing. In experiment 1, TMR silages containing wet brewers grains (BG), hay (lucerne or sudangrass), maize grain, wheat bran, beet pulp and liquid molasses, were ensiled for 14 and...

Wet brewers grains and soybean curd residue were stored in laboratory-scale silos without (BG and SC silages, respectively) or with other ingredients as total mixed rations (BGT and SCT silages, respectively). Silages were opened after 14 and 56 d, and microbial counts, fermentation products, and aerobic stability were determined. Denaturing gradie...

To assess the variation in bacterial communities in laboratory-scale and big bale silos. Wilted Italian ryegrass (628 g dry matter kg(-1)) was ensiled in vacuum-packed plastic pouches and big bales. Silos were opened after 3 months, and the fermentation products, colony counts and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles were determi...

BACKGROUND: High aerobic stability can be expected when wet brewers' grains are stored as a total mixed ration (TMR) silage. To understand the factors affecting the stability, the effects of ration formulation, air infiltration and storage period were studied. RESULTS: A TMR containing wet brewers' grains, hay, maize, wheat bran, beet pulp and mola...

Wet brewers grains were stored as a total mixed ration (TMR) in laboratory silos with lucerne hay, cracked maize, sugar beet pulp, soya bean meal and molasses at 5:1:1:1:1:1 on fresh weight basis. The TMR mixture was inoculated with or without Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri to obtain silages with differing fermentation and stability...

To investigate the effects of inoculating Lactobacillus casei or Lacobacillus buchneri on the production of biogenic amines (BA) in silage. Wilted festulolium (Lolium perenne x Festuca pratensis), whole crop maize or a total mixed ration, consisting of wet brewer grains, lucerne hay, cracked maize, sugarbeet pulp, soyabean meal and molasses, was en...

Wet green tea waste (GTW) was ensiled in laboratory silos with or without dried beet pulp at a ratio of 2:1 on a fresh weight basis. The silos were opened at 15, 30 and 60 days after anaerobic storage; fermentation products, tea catechins, antioxidative activity and in vitro gas production were determined. Acetic acid prevailed over the fermentatio...

To evaluate the fermentation characteristics and the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation in ensiling whole crop rice. Laboratory-scale silages were prepared from whole crop rice harvested at yellow-ripe stage. The crop was ensiled for 2 months with and without inoculation of L. buchneri at 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) CFU g(-1). The effect of p...

The aim of this study was to asses the nutritive value of twelve browse species commonly used for feeding livestock in Kenya using the chemical composition including polyphenolics, in vitro gas production and in vitro dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradability. The effect of tannins present in the browse forages was also assessed using p...

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of wilting and inoculating Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of grass silages. Chopped Italian ryegrass (IR) and Festulolium (FE) were ensiled with or without wilting and added L casei (>106 cfu g−1 fresh matter (FM)) or L buchneri (>106 cfu g−...

Whole crop corn (DM 29.2%) and a total mixed ration (TMR, DM 56.8%) containing wet brewers grains, alfalfa hay, dried beet pulp, cracked corn, soybean meal, and molasses at a ratio of 5:1:1:1:1:1 on fresh weight basis, were ensiled with and without Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri in laboratory silos. The effects of inoculation on micr...

Two types of brewer's grains (BG), derived from high and low malt brewing, were mixed with various dry feeds (BG : beet pulp : oats hay : wheat bran : molasses=5 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 on a fresh weight basis), and ensiled in polyethylene bottles to prepare a total mixed ration (TMR silage). Silos were opened after 5, 20 and 40 d of storage ; the composit...

Four browse legume foliages (leaves and pod fruits) from three species of Acacia (A. polyacantha, A. tortilis, A. nilotica) and Dichrostachys sp. native to Tanzania were evaluated for nutritive potential to establish levels and effect of normal phenolics and tannins antinutritive factors (ANFs) on in vitro feed digestibility (IVD). Total extractabl...

Wet brewer's grains (BG; 200 g kg-1 dry matter(DM)) were ensiled alone or in combination with various dry feeds as a total mixed ration (TMR; 540 g kg-1 DM) in laboratory silos. Ensilage was stopped at 40 days (experiment 1) or at 5, 20, 40 and 60 days (experiment 2) after storage. The composition of soluble sugars and the profiles of fermentation...

Aims: To assess the effects of inoculation of Lactobacillus buchneri on the ensiling properties and aerobic stability of maize silage. Methods and Results: Chopped whole crop maize was ensiled in 0·5 litre airtight polyethylene bottles (0·4 kg per bottle) and in double-layered, thin polyethylene bags (15 kg per bag), with or without inoculation of...

The antinutritional activities of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) were compared between winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya beans (Glycine max). The inhibitors of the two beans were isolated by trypsin-bound Sepharose 4B, and 50 mg of lyophilised powders were intubated intragastrically into 24 h fasted rats. The activities of trypsin and c...

The disappearance of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) during ensilage and rumen fermentation was studied. MRPs were prepared by heating mixtures of D-glucose and glycine (GG) or D-xylose and glycine (XG); lyophilised powder (MW > 1000) was subjected to anaerobic incubation for 24 h with lucerne juice or buffered rumen fluid. Changes in MRPs were a...

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of added cell wall-degrading enzymes at ensiling on the fermentation and in situ degradation of grass and legume silages. Primary growths of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L) were wilted and ensiled in laboratory-scale silos with or without enzymes. S...

The potential use of forage juice anaerobically stored for 2 days (previously fermented juice, PFJ) as a silage additive was investigated. Lucerne (450 g) was ensiled in laboratory-scale silos (900 ml capacity) with or without sucrose (20 g kg−1) or PFJ (2.5 ml kg−1). Silages treated with both additives were also made and fermentation quality, in v...

Primary growth of rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana KUNTH.) was harvested at heading stage and ensiled with or without lactic acid bacteria (1×10^5cfu g^<-1>) and cell wall degrading enzymes (50mg kg^<-1>). The silos were stored at 20, 30 and 40℃ for 45 d and chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility were determined...

Primary growth of Italian ryegrass was fractionated into green juice and pressed cake (PC). PC was ensiled either directly or after reconstitution with the juice which was spray dried and then added to water before ensiling (RPC). This process was aimed at distinguishing between chemical (removal of nutrients) and physical (mechanical disintegratio...

Rates of in situ N loss of soybean meal (SBM) were altered by various combinations of sodium hydroxide and heat treatment; some nitrogenous compounds involving the modified proteolysis were investigated. The amount of lysinoalanine (LAL), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene reactive lysine, and reducing power of SBM we...

乾草またはサイレージという貯蔵方法の違いが,牧草の繊維消化に及ぼす影響について検討した.出穗期のイタリアンライグラスから,天日乾草および予乾サイレージを調製し,大豆粕と9:1の割合の混合飼料を山羊4頭に給与して,消化率,窒素出納,乾物とNDFのルーメン内分解率,飼料付着性のカルボキシメチルセルラーゼ(CMCase)活性,および液相(Co-EDTA)と固相(Cr-CWC)の消化管内通過速度を測定した.予乾サイレージ(乾物含量30.8%)のpHは4.75で,酪酸が優占した.乾草はサイレージに比べてNDF, NDIN,(中性デタージェント不溶性窒素)およびADIN(酸性デタージェント不溶性窒素)含量が高く,乾草調製中に牧草蛋白質の一部が繊維成分と結合したことが示唆された.すべての成分消化率はサイレ...

Effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and heat treatment of alfalfa on the degradation of protein in the rumen was investigated in relation to the changes of nitrogenous compounds. Fresh alfalfa was treated with 0, 1.16, 2.32 or 4.64 g NaOH per 100 g dry matter (DM) and then subjected to freeze-drying, or oven-drying for 24 h at 60 or 120°C.Both NaOH...

The effects of alkali treatment on the fermentation characteristics and rumen degradation of low moisture alfalfa silage were investigated. First crop alfalfa was wilted and ensiled, either directly or after being sprayed with NaOH or NH3 solution (1.72% dry matter (DM)). The herbages were stored in laboratory silos and opened at 1, 2, 7, 14, 28 an...

First crop of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was harvested, wilted and ensiled with or without NaOH or NH3, and fed to three rumen fistulated goats in a 3 횞 3 Latin-square design. Each alkali treatment (2.44% of alfalfa dry matter) was made by spraying its solution prior to ensiling. Silage pH, NH3-N and butyric acid concentration were increased with...

From the same harvest of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, Lam.), hay(H), wilted silage(WS), pressed cake hay (PCH) and pressed cake silage (PCS) were prepared. These four preserved roughages were restrictedly fed to four goats attached with rumen fistula by 4 횞 4 Latin square design to determine the effect of different physical and chemical pr...