Nancy Young

• MD
• Medical Doctor at Northwestern University

Purpose Our study used preoperative neuroanatomical features to predict auditory development in Chinese-learning children with cochlear implants (CIs). Method T1-weighted whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 17 Chinese-learning pediatric CI candidates (12 females and five males, age at MRI = 23.0 ± 15.0 months). Vo...

Objective This study aims to construct neural predictive models to forecast post-CI spoken language improvements in children with hearing loss and to evaluate whether these models are language- and center-specific.Methods A total of 278 children with hearing loss underwent magnetic resonance image (MRI) examinations and completed speech and languag...

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) exhibit significant variations in terms of auditory and language development. Therefore, it is crucial to predict individual-level post-CI outcomes and provide early interventions to those who may experience limited benefits from CIs. Our study used preoperative neuroanatomical features to predict auditory deve...

Hearing is critical to spoken language, cognitive, and social development. Little is known about how early auditory experiences impact the brain structure of children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This study examined the influence of hearing aid use and residual hearing on the auditory cortex of children with severe to profound congeni...

Purpose This study investigated to what extent residual hearing and rehabilitation options (e.g., hearing aids [HAs]) affect the auditory cortex in children with hearing loss. Method Twenty-one children with bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss who were candidates for cochlear implantation were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry analysi...

Hearing is critical to language, cognitive, and social development. Little is known about how early auditory experiences impact the brain structure of children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This pioneering study examined the influence of hearing aid (HA) use and residual hearing on the auditory cortex of children with severe to...

Prediction of improvement in speech perception after cochlear implantation (CI) is clinically important to optimize pediatric habilitation. Conventional methods using non-neural measures do not permit accurate prediction on the individual child level. In this study, we investigate whether white matter patterns detected by diffusion tensor imaging (...

Use of artificial intelligence (AI) is a burgeoning field in otolaryngology and the communication sciences. A virtual symposium on the topic was convened from Duke University on October 26, 2020, and was attended by more than 170 participants worldwide. This review presents summaries of all but one of the talks presented during the symposium; recor...

Gorham Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disease characterized by the proliferation of endothelial lined vessels and replacement of bone by fibrous tissue. The main imaging features are progressive osteolysis and cortical resorption. Temporal bone involvement is rare but presents as a destructive bone lesion that may be misinterpreted as more common ly...

More children with single-sided deafness (SSD) are receiving cochlear implants (CIs) due to the expansion of CI indications. This unique group of pediatric patients has different needs than the typical recipient with bilateral deafness and requires special consideration and care. The goal of cochlear implantation in these children is to provide bil...

Objective: To review outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Study design: Retrospective case review and parent survey. Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital. Patients: Thirty children with ASD who underwent CI between 1991 and 2018. Mean age at CI = 3.5 years (0.8-11.8), mean ag...

Objectives/Hypothesis Review safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients implanted with a cochlear implant (CI) containing a diametric magnet housed within the undersurface of the device. Study Design Retrospective chart review with additional review of MRI at a tertiary‐care children's hospital. Methods Seven patient...

Objective Determine safety and effectiveness of cochlear implantation of children under age 37 months, including below age 12 months. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary care children's medical center. Patients 219 children implanted before age 37 mos; 39 implanted below age 12 mos and 180 ages 12–36 mos. Mean age CI = 20.9 mos o...

Significance The ability to accurately predict speech improvement for young children who use cochlear implants (CIs) would be a first step in the development of a personalized therapy to enhance language development. Despite decades of outcome research, no useful clinical prediction tool exists. An accurate predictive model that relies on routinely...

Objective: Review perioperative complications, benefits, and the timeframe over which auditory skills develop in children with CHARGE syndrome who receive a cochlear implant (CI). Study design: IRB-approved retrospective chart review of children with CHARGE syndrome who had at least 12 months of cochlear implant use. Setting: Tertiary care chi...

Objectives/hypothesis: To describe the presentation and management of acute complicated mastoiditis in children. Study design: Retrospective case series. Methods: An analysis of pediatric patients with acute complicated mastoiditis treated at an urban, tertiary care children's hospital from 2007 to 2014 was performed. Results: Forty-eight pa...

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of infectious complications and healing problems in cochlear implant (CI) patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy following solid organ transplant. Study design: IRB-approved retrospective chart review of implanted patients. Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital. Methods: Seven patients of the m...

Approximately 40 % of children who otherwise meet audiological candidacy criteria for a cochlear implant (CI) have co-occurring conditions likely to impact their progress, including learning disability, intellectual disability, developmental delay, language and communication disorders, disorders of attention, blindness/low vision, cerebral palsy, o...

Objective: To provide recommendations for the workup of hearing loss in the pediatric patient. Methods: Expert opinion by the members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group. Results: Consensus recommendations include initial screening and diagnosis as well as the workup of sensorineural, conductive and mixed hearing loss in childr...

N.M. Young, K. Iler Kirk (Eds.) Pediatric Cochlear Implantation ▶ Educates clinicians in the field of pediatric cochlear im-plantation as to the current and emerging best practices ▶ Expands upon the current literature regarding the role of cognition and executive function in pediatric cochlear implant outcomes ▶ Aimed at neurotologists and pediatr...

Objective: Determine the diagnostic usefulness of postimplantation 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and review magnet-related MRI complications. Study design: Retrospective chart review with additional review of MRIs. Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital. Patients: Twelve patients who underwent MRI after receiving a cochlear impl...

Program Description The single-sided deafness (SSD) handicap has been underestimated. The purpose of this miniseminar is to present the latest research on the benefits of binaural hearing (Sig Soli, PhD), and the impact of SSD on childhood development and school performance (Nancy Young, MD). The different rehabilitation methods available will be p...

Cochlear implantation is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for children with marked bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. It provides auditory benefits that range from simple sound detection to substantial word understanding. Improved hearing through cochlear implantation has been demonstrated to enhance the rate of lang...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric cochlear implant recipients diagnosed with Usher syndrome (US). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of consecutive pediatric cochlear implant recipients (1991-2010). SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Children who received a cochlear implant who were diagnosed wit...

To evaluate the auditory outcomes of children implanted in an ear with eighth nerve hypoplasia or aplasia and to determine whether preoperative characteristics are predictive of auditory performance achieved. Study design: retrospective case review. Setting: tertiary care medical center. Patients: ten children implanted in an ear with eighth nerve...

Under natural conditions, listeners use both auditory and visual speech cues to extract meaning from speech signals containing many sources of variability. However, traditional clinical tests of spoken word recognition routinely employ isolated words or sentences produced by a single talker in an auditory-only presentation format. The more central...

Lipoma of the temporal bone is uncommon and involvement of the middle ear, attic or mastoid is exceedingly rare. We present the first case of histologically confirmed bilateral lipomas involving the attic and middle ear. Pre-operative computer tomography (CT) provided supporting evidence of the diagnosis. Masses in both ears were excised permitting...

In replyMerkus and colleagues raise a number of important points regarding the potential sources of delay that may hinder timely implantation in children with postmeningitic deafness. Of the 5 children described in our article, 3 were treated for bacterial meningitis at outlying hospitals. These children did not undergo hearing evaluation until aft...

To determine whether implementation of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) in the state of Illinois has affected the ages at diagnosis of hearing loss and implantation in children receiving cochlear implants and to determine how often children undergoing implantation had UNHS results with no indication of hearing loss (pass). Retrospective c...

To determine pneumococcal vaccination status of children with recent postmeningitic deafness and to review our current approach for achieving early implantation in this special population that is at significant risk for cochlear ossification. Review of imaging studies and test results. Tertiary care/referral children's hospital. Five children rangi...

Objectives 1) Identify anatomic variations of the temporal bone in children with and without cochlear malformations who experienced an intra-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gusher at the time of cochlear implantation. 2) Compare the anatomic findings in the current study to those described in prior studies. Methods A retrospective case-control...

Purpose The main purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of cochlear implant experience on prelinguistic vocal development in young deaf children. Procedure A prospective longitudinal research design was used to document the sequence and time course of vocal development in 7 children who were implanted between 10 and 36 months of...

Unlabelled: We performed a double-blinded randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive analgesia in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery. Children were divided into two groups: group block-block (BB) received a preemptive great auricular nerve block (GAN-block) with 0.25% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine before in...

Cochlear implants are the single greatest advancement of the late 20th century for the deaf and hearing impaired. Recent expanding guidelines as well as surgical techniques are discussed. Cochlear implantation is currently the only means to restoring partial hearing to patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural loss not aidable with conventiona...

Purpose: This article describes prelinguistic vocal development in 2 prelingually deaf children who received multichannel cochlear implants at 10 and 28 months of age, respectively. Methods: Vocalizations were recorded in half-hour mother- child interactions before and after implantation and then classified into three levels of development: precano...

In light of the strong trends toward performing cochlear implantation in infants, it is necessary to consider anesthetic issues. Just as anesthetic risk may play an important role in surgical candidacy in the elderly population, anesthesia is also of special consideration in infants. Even healthy infants are known to be at increased risk for anesth...

Unlabelled: Peripheral nerve blocks of the surgical site can reduce the need for perioperative opioids thereby decreasing their unwanted adverse effects, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting. In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, we examined the efficacy of a great auricular nerve (GAN) block compared with IV morphine sulfate...

To compare surgical experience and measures of electrode and patient performance of children who were implanted with the Clarion (Advanced Bionics, Sylmar, CA, U.S.A.) device with and without the new electrode positioner (EP). Prospectively and retrospectively collected data were compared between two independent groups. Tertiary care children's hos...

The goals of this study were to retrospectively review high-resolution CTs (HRCTs) of pediatric postmeningitic cochlear implant recipients and to correlate results with surgical findings. HRCTs of 20 children (11 months to 12 years old) who underwent implantation with multichannel devices were reviewed. Results were correlated with the degree of os...

To screen severe to profound, preverbal hearing-impaired children for Usher syndrome by ophthalmologic examinations, including electroretinographic testing. These patients are especially good candidates for early cochlear implants, which will improve listening and spoken language skills. Consecutive patients over 2 years of age, given a diagnosis o...

This study compares the auditory perceptual skill development of 23 congenitally deaf children who received the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant with the SPEAK speech coding strategy, and 20 children who received the CLARION® Multi-Strategy™ Cochlear Implant with the Continuous Interleaved Sampler (CIS) speech coding strategy. All were under 5 y...

Acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) in children can present with a variety of middle ear effusions (MEE). Even though the character of the effusion may vary, the underlying pathogenesis is often similar. In the last decade, there has been an abundance of new information in the fields of immunobiology and immunochemistry to...

The inflammatory diseases of external and middle ear are one of the commonest conditions encountered by the pediatric physician. Inner ear inflammations are less common and need special and urgent attention. Special management in each case requires detailed history, examination, necessary investigations and appropriate referral to otolaryngologist...

The electroretinogram (ERG) is the only test currently available that has the potential to identify patients with Usher syndrome before onset of fundoscopic and visual abnormalities. The ERG is a noninvasive technique that can diagnose retinitis pigmentosa via measurement of corneal-retinal potentials. Forty-seven children with bilateral severe to...

Usher's syndrome (US) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa. The majority of affected individuals have severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and are therefore potential cochlear implant candidates. A goal of our otology program has been early identification and imp...

Educational objectives: To order appropriate diagnostic tests in children with newly identified sensorineural hearing loss and to provide better counseling of families of hearing-impaired infants and children.

Cochlear implants are an important advance in the treatment of profoundly deaf children. Regardless of whether the child has congenital or acquired deafness, cochlear implants can provide useful hearing to children who do not receive significant benefit from traditional amplification. Knowledge of the benefits that cochlear implants provide to chil...

Children with such profound deafness that they are not helped by hearing aids are now candidates for cochlear implantation. This technology permits us to provide these children with a significant degree of useful hearing. The degree of improvement in speech perception and spoken language in pediatric cochlear implant recipients varies. However, the...

Experience has shown that early removal of acoustic tumors results in less morbidity because the rate of surgical complications increases with tumor size. Nevertheless, acoustic tumors are benign and grow slowly--facts that support conservatism in elderly patients. We managed 21 patients with acoustic tumors over the age of 65. Eleven patients unde...

The purpose of this report is to introduce the technique of superselective embolization (SSE) and to review our experience in surgically treating glomus jugulare tumors with and without preoperative SSE. Retrospective chart review was performed to determine estimated blood loss and operative time, and illustrative case reports are presented. The te...

Results for control of vertigo and preservation of hearing in patients who have had a retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy (RVN) by our group were analyzed retrospectively. This procedure consists of selective section of the vestibular nerve in the posterior cranial fossa. Vertigo was completely controlled in all but two of 31 patients, one of w...

PURPOSE/AIM Congenital inner ear abnormalities are a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children. Imaging evaluation is also a key component of the preoperative workup for cochlear implantation. The anatomy is complex, and identification of malformations and potentially important variations may be challenging. The purpose of this exhibit...