Nanang Fakhrudin

Universitas Gadjah Mada | UGM · Department of Pharmacy

Recent studies showed that hyper-inflammatory reactions including cytokines storm leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome and responsible for death toll in COVID-19. Thus, the pathways involved in inflammation and SARS-Cov-2 replication represent a promising therapeutic target. By employing a computational model, we investigated the effect of...

Acmella oleracea L. (hereinafter abbreviated as AOE) is one of the plants with the potential for antithrombosis, one of the deadliest cardiovascular diseases in Indonesia. The antithrombotic activity test on AOE leaf extract revealed that it could lyse blood clots. However, no information regarding the AOE flower as an antithrombosis is provided. T...

Introduction: Memory dysfunction has remained a challenging issue globally. Nootropics have proven fruitful in managing cognitive dysfunction but because of their side effects, opportunities exist to explore alternatives. White cabbage is a cost-effective natural source of phytochemicals without side effects and has remained uninvestigated as a noo...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its...

Objective: Ficus septica is an Indonesian medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various illness, including cancer. The n-hexane insoluble fraction of the ethanolic extract of F. septica leaves (HIFFS) shows a potential anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line T47D. Considering that angiogenesis is a pivotal factor in malignant can...

Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem is usually found in tropical and subtropical areas, used in traditional medicine for various health problems, including pain, rheumatism, diarrhea, hypertension, infection, skin allergies, anemia, wound, hernia, and hemorrhoids. This review aims to present the phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of F. ela...

Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) is a versatile enzyme that has surprisingly received considerable attention as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) because it maintains the homeostasis of 3ʹ,5ʹ-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3ʹ,5ʹ-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the brain. 3ʹ,5ʹ-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and...

The search for a new generation of antiplatelet agents from natural resources with favorable effects is promising. Preliminary research on the screening of antiplatelet agent from Indonesia medicinal plants have identified 10 out of 139 plant extracts. One of these active plant extracts is Piper cubeba fruit ethanol extract. The antiplatelet activi...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for pain and to slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Accordingly, the discovery of rheumatoid arthritis active compounds from the ethanol-water fraction Coleus atropurpureus (EWC) was conducted to characterize the isolated compounds as well as the anti-rheumatic effects of the EWC induced Compl...

Background and purpose: Plantago major has been applied as a herbal remedy for centuries. However, studies on anti-inflammatory activities and their chemical ingredients are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of P. major in three animal models and its phytochemical contents. Experimental approac...

p>Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) is a plant that originated from the rainforest in Southeast Asia, mainly grows in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Kratom has been used traditionally as an herbal remedy for the treatment of various illnesses. Kratom gained notoriety due to its potential as an analgesic, opiate withdrawal treatment,...

Awar-awar (Ficus septica), belonging to the Moraceae family, has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent. Cultivating this plant requires technology to produce rapid quality seedlings since generative propagation still becomes a problem due to the extended period in seed production. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze...

Coffee bean contains bioactive compounds including caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) that have a stimulant effect and are used for combating fatigue and drowsiness, and enhancing alertness. However, when the coffee bean was processed in the form of green coffee bean (GCB) extract, it has an unpleasant flavour and limitations instability, activity...

Introduction: As single extracts, Coccinia grandis and Blumea balsamifera have been known to have potent antioxidant activities. However, the synergistic antioxidant effect of the combination of these plant extracts was unknown. In this study, the combination of C. grandis and B. balsamifera extracts was investigated for its antioxidant and synergi...

The extraction of kratom (M. speciosa) leaf powder was optimized with preliminary extraction to be further optimized with the Box-Behnken experimental design. The individual and interactive effects of process variables (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, solvent concentration) were assessed. The preliminary extraction results showed that ult...

Fakhrudin N, Mufinnah FF, Husni MF, Wardana AE, Wulandari EI, Putra AR, Santoso D, Nurrichmad A, Wahyunono S. 2021. Screening of selected Indonesian plants for antiplatelet activity. Biodiversitas 22: 5268-5273. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Platelet aggregation plays a crucial role in the development of cardi...

Awar-awar (Ficus septica) is an Indonesian anticancer plant that contains alkaloids as the active compound. The n-hexane insoluble fraction (FTLH) is alkaloid-containing fraction obtained from the ethanolic extract of F. septica leaves (EEDFS) by fractionation using n-hexane. High shear mixer (HSM) can be used to optimize the separation processes,...

Artocarpus merupakan tumbuhan genus utama keluarga Moraceae dengan jumlah spesies hampir 1.400. Beberapa spesies dari genus tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan dan obat tradisional di Asia Tenggara, termasuk Indonesia. Jenis yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia yaitu Artocarpus altilis (sukun), Artocarpus camansi (kluwih), Artocarpus heterophyll...

Indonesia is a country with large plant biodiversity with medicinal properties, such as “sukun” (Artocarpus altilis) or known as “breadfruit”. Breadfruit is a woody evergreen plant that has been used traditionally for various purposes, including medication. The fruit is rich in carbohydrates and fibers as a food source. The leaf and cortex are the...

The mature breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) infusion has been traditionally used by Indonesian folks for curing heart diseases and stroke. The key mechanisms underlying these diseases are platelet aggregation and thrombosis. There is no evidence about the efficacy of the water extract of A. altilis leaves (EADS) against platelet aggregation a...

Coffee contains caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) as the main constituent benefiting human health. Extract of green coffee beans (GCB) has some limitations in terms of its unpleasant flavour, aroma, and phytoconstituents bioactivity. This study aimed to encapsulate the crude ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of Gayo Robusta GCB (Coffea canephora) to...

Memory is an essential aspect of human cognition. A decrease in this aspect is well associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The development of a novel cognitive enhancer (CE) may help overcome AD-related problems. In this study, we evaluated the CE effect of Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) in memory deficit mice. Administration of its ethanolic extrac...

Cancer is one of the biggest causes of death after cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, alkaloid content of awar-awar leaf extract (Ficus septica Burm. f.) is reported to exhibit cytotoxic activity in several cancer cells. This research aims to identify the antiangiogenesis activity and potential of awar-awar leaf extract (Ficus septica Burm. f.) o...

Ficus septica Burm. F (Awar-awar) in Indonesian herbal medicine traditionally used for the treatment of various disease. Previous studies indicated that the F. septica leaves contained phenantroindolizidine alkaloids with anticancer activity. Fractionation of the ethanol extract of F. septica leaves using n-hexane was able to separate chlorophylls...

Platelet plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) development. Abnormalities in platelet aggregation provokes thrombo-embolism, eventually leading to death. In Indonesia, breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) leaf is traditionally used to treat CVDs. This study aimed to evaluate the antiplatelet activity of A. altilis leaf extract (AAE) and...

p>Biji dan daun kacang hijau (KH) mengandung senyawa flavonoid sebagai antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. KH dapat diekstrasi dengan air dan etanol menghasilkan ekstrak kaya flavonoid untuk bahan baku produk suplemen kesehatan dan obat tradisional. Penelitian bertujuan membandingkan potensi antioksidan dari biji dan daun KH, menganalisis k...

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dengan intensitas sinar matahari yang tinggi sehingga hal ini dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kulit manusia. Untuk mencegah kerusakan akibat dari cahaya matahari diperlukan suatu bahan yang bersifat fotoprotektor dengan mekanisme kerja menyerap atau menghalangi cahaya matahari masuk ke kulit. Flavonoid eks...

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a highly complex central nervous system disorder commonly associated with aging. This condition is characterized by a progressive reduction of cognitive function. Modern synthetic drugs have been granted clinical approval for the treatment of CI. However, most of these drugs show insufficient efficacy and undesired side...

Piper acre Blume, known as Black Betel (local name), is a plant that is widely used by the people of East Kalimantan, especially in Samarinda, for the treatment of illness. Leaves (3-4 months old) are collected from Samarinda, extracted, fractionated, and monitored by DPPH antiradical activity. The isolation of the Piper acre Blume is performed on...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts and fractions of Eriocaulon cinereum against HeLa and Vero cell lines,which represent cervical cancer and normal cells, respectively. In addition, a phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the chemicalconstituents in the extracts and the active fractions.Mat...

Senyawa fenolik mempunyai potensi sebagai fotoprotektor, sehingga mampu melindungi kulit dari kerusakan oksidatif terutama menyerap Ultra Violet dari pancaran sinar matahari. Ekstrak etanolik buah masak mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.] mengandung senyawa fenolik dan memiliki peranan sebagai fotoprotektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan...

Brown macroalgae (BM) which contain fucoxanthin exhibited high antioxidant activity. This study was performed to examine antioxidant, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase activities, and effect on cell viability of Human Dermal Fibroblast adult (HDFa) of BM, Turbinaria decurrens Bory. T. decurrens dried powder were macerated by ethanol...

Background: The effects of tylophorine, a natural alkaloid found in Tylophora indica, administered as a single compound or in combination with doxorubicin on cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed in T47D breast cancer cells, selected as a model system for breast cancer. Methods: Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined by flow cytomet...

Plants of the genus Cinnamomum are known to have anti-thrombotic activity via the inhibition of platelet activation and improvement to blood circulation. Previous studies have indicated that Cinnamomum sintoc (CS) has a potent anti-platelet aggregation activity, which is induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In this study, we report the anti-plat...

Inflammation is involved in the progression of many disorders, such as tumors, arthritis, gastritis, and atherosclerosis. Thus, the development of new agents targeting inflammation is still challenging. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally to treat various diseases including inflammation. A previous study has indicated that dichloromethane...

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) have been known for their phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidants properties. Antioxidant activities including β-carotene bleaching (BCB) and Cupric ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) and total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and cytopro...

Free radicals are ions, molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons that are highly unstable and reactive against other molecules. Free radicals contributed in the development of various human disorders. In this study, we investigated the possible new sources of natural radical scavengers which could provide antioxidant mechanisms to protect against...

Hyperlipidemic is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by high levels of blood cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL and low HDL levels. Hyperlipidemic is one of the most important risk factor of atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular diseases. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg.) is an Indonesian native plant traditionally use...

In addition to the body's response to injury, inflammation is a physiological process underlying the progression various diseases. Investigation for the discovery and development of antiinflammatory agents from natural sources is a promising strategy for curing inflammatory diseases. Breadfruit or Artocarpus altilis, is an Indonesian native plant t...

In the search for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) active constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum, 11 new polyacetylene derivatives (1-11) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESIMS as new polyyne hybrid molecules of falcarindiol with sesquiterpenoid or phenylpropanoid moieti...

Poster presented at 13th International Congress of the Society for Ethnopharmacology, Graz, Austria, September 2 – 6, 2012. This poster is published under a CC-BY license: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1119208

Poster presented at EMBO Conference on Cellular Signaling & Molecular Medicine 25‐29 May 2012, Cavtat‐Dubrovnik, Croatia. This poster is published under a CC-BY license: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1101323

Plants used in traditional medicine represent an important source of new lead compounds. However, cell-based in vitro screening assays with plant material are hampered by the complex nature of plant extracts as mixtures of active and inactive components. Bulk constituents, such as chlorophyll and polyphenols were previously shown to interfere with...

Cytotoxicity determination upon prolonged exposure and in the presence of higher concentrations of plumericin. HEK293/NF-κB-luc cells were treated as indicated in Figure 1A and Figure 1B with solvent vehicle (0.1% DMSO), different concentrations of plumericin, or digitonin (200 μg·mL-1) as positive control. LDH enzyme activity was determined 24 h a...

Comparison of the effects of plumericin, parthenolide, and the H. sucuuba extract on NF-κB activity in the presence and absence of TNF-α stimulation. HEK293/NF-κBluc cells were pretreated for 30 min with H. sucuuba extract (60 μg·mL-1), plumericin (5 μμ), parthenolide (5 μμ), or solvent vehicle (DMSO 0.1%), and stimulated with 2 ng·mL-1 TNF-α or tr...

Plumericin and the other investigated compounds do not affect the basal expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in the absence of TNF-α stimulation. HUVECtert cells were treated with 10 μμ plumericin, parthenolide, plumieridin, allamandicin, plumeridoid C or 10 ng·mL-1 TNF-α for 14 h (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) or 5 h (...

Effect of reference inhibitors on the investigated phosphorylation sites of JNK, p38, and ERK1/2. HUVECtert cells were pre-incubated for 30 min with SP600125 (50 μμ), forskolin (20 μμ), U0126 (10 μμ) or solvent vehicle (DMSO, 0.1% or 0.2%, respectively), prior to stimulation with TNF-α (10 ng·mL-1) for 10 min.Western blot analysis was performed for...

Among all isolated compounds only plumericin is a potent inhibitor of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. HEK293/NF-κB-luc cells were pretreated for 30 min with the indicated compounds (10 μMeach) or solvent vehicle (DMSO 0.1%), and stimulated with 2 ng·mL-1 TNF-α for 4 h. The data represent mean ± SEM (n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, n.s. not significan...

Plumericin but not the other structurally related compounds isolated from H. sucuuba inhibits TNF-α-induced cell surface expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin. HUVECtert cells were pretreated with 10 μμ plumericin, parthenolide, plumieridin, allamandicin, plumeridoid C or solvent vehicle (DMSO 0.1%) as cont...

The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) orchestrates many pro-inflammatory signals and its inhibition is considered a promising strategy to combat inflammation. Here we report the characterization of the natural product plumericin as a highly potent inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway with a novel chemical scaffold, which was isolated vi...

The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a crucial role in the regulation of the inflammatory response and contributes to the development of various diseases (1). Thus, its inhibition is considered a promising approach to combat inflammation (2). In this study, we applied a bioactivity-guided approach to identify NF-κB inhibito...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are clinically used to counteract hyperglycemia. However, so far experienced unwanted side effects, such as weight gain, promote the search for new PPARγ activators. We used a combination of in silico, in vitro, cell-based and in vivo models to identify and validate natural products...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Austria, like in most Western countries, knowledge about traditional medicinal plants is becoming scarce. Searching the literature concerning Austria's ethnomedicine reveals its scant scientific exploration. Aiming to substantiate the potential of medicinal plants traditionally used in Austria, 63 plant species o...

Beneficial effects of red wine polyphenols on cardiovascular health are well known. The aim of our research was an interaction study of four red wine polyphenols – resveratrol (R), quercetin (Q), kaempferol (KF) and isorhamnetin (IR) of their ability to activate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) promoter when used alone and in equimolar mixtures. To d...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and therefore an important pharmacological target to combat metabolic diseases. Since the currently used full PPARγ agonists display serious side effects, identification of novel ligands, particularly partial agonists, is highly relevant. Sea...

Melampyrum pratense L. (Koch) is used in traditional Austrian medicine for the treatment of different inflammation-related conditions. In this work, we show that the extracts of M. pratense stimulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors- (PPARs-)α and -γ that are well recognized for their anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, the extra...

Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson (Apocynaceae) has been traditionally used in South America to treat inflammatory diseases. Fractions from H. sucuuba have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.¹ However, the active principles and involved targets remained unknown. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of bark material led to the i...

Chinese herbal medicinal (CHM) extracts from fourteen plants were investigated in cell-based in vitro assays for their effect on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a key regulator of inflammation, as well as on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) being key regulators of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. 43% of the investigated...

Workflow of bioassayguided fractionation and isolation.

In the course of our search for PPARγ active anti-inflammatory natural products we have investigated the dichloromethane extract of the dried rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang (Umbelliferae). PPARγ is one of the three Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) subtypes and is involved in the regulation of glucose...