
Nafees MohammadUniversity of Peshawar · Department of Environmental Sciences
Nafees Mohammad
Ph.D in Environmental Sciences
Teaching & Research
About
253
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Introduction
Professor at the department of environmental sciences, university of Peshawar, Pakistan.Ph.D in Environmental Sciences (soil conservation in Swat Valley). M.Phil in Environmental Sciences (Study of Kabul River). MSc in Environmental planning and management.
Working on water quality assessment, water resource management. Environmental impacts assessment. Pollution control technology and cleaner production.
Additional affiliations
Education
September 2004 - August 2008
September 2002 - October 2004
Publications
Publications (253)
This book is in Urdu and designed for climate change related public awareness. It It consists on 12 essays on different aspects of climate change. The following are the main topics.
1. What is the solution to the pressing challenge of climate change? Shortage of food grains due to climate change could become a major problem in Pakistan
2. The role...
Impacts of climate change on biodiversity in Pakistan
Biodiversity is simply mean variety of life in a particular ecosystem. It is in an indicator of a healthy ecosystem. Different animals, plants and microorganisms combine with different characteristics, abilities, and capabilities to give different biological acts together on the earth and run a...
Awareness Articles
Smog is becoming a major environmental problem in urban areas around the world. Smog is being seen in Pakistan since last one decade. It was first seen in Peshawar and Lahore. Until 2017, it used to be for a very short time and would end around noon. But with the passage of time, it has seen an increase in intensity and duration....
Alongside the effects of climate change, two concepts that are still discussed are mitigation and adaptation. Adaptation involves avoiding or adapting to the negative impacts of climate change, while reforestation is usually promoted as mitigation. Adaptation refers to a new order in response to current or expected weather stimuli and their effects...
Article for awareness
Smog is becoming a major environmental problem in urban areas around the world. Smog is being seen in Pakistan since last one decade. It was first seen in Peshawar and Lahore. Until 2017, it used to be for a very short time and would end around noon. But with the passage of time, it has seen an increase in intensity and durat...
Soil contamination by heavy metals is one of the environmental concerns. In this regard, phyto-extraction is one of the effective ecological techniques to get rid of the problem of soil contamination. This approach has received increased attention around the world. In this technique, a particular type of plant species are used to absorb heavy metal...
Soil contamination with heavy metals is a serious environmental problem at global scale due to anthropogenic and geologic activities. It alters plant growth, genetic variation and microbial activities. To overcome this problem, various techniques are applied to improve soil health and increase production. Among treatment techniques, bioremediation...
The concept of green lockdown, also known as environmental lockdown, is a relatively new idea initiated by Pakistan in November 2024. The aim of green knockdown is to protect human population against the growing hazard of SMOG. During the pandemic (COVID-19), various countries, including Pakistan, implemented lockdowns to curb the spread of the vir...
This Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment is prepared and submitted as part of the due diligence under the project Construction of Border Crossing Facility at Torkham, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This report is aimed to identify negative impacts of climate change to the proposed Border Crossing Facility and recommendations of adaption measures. The pr...
After a long time, the curriculum for the Department of Environmental Sciences has been updated. A student who completes a four-year degree program has the ability to examine an environmental problem and come up with a suitable solution. In this regard, an effort has been made to provide a set of multidisciplinary courses that will allow them to ea...
The presence of microplastics (MPs) in human body parts has raised significant concerns due to their status as a major environmental pollutant. Despite existing methods for detecting and identifying MPs in human tissues, there is a lack of standardized techniques, compromising
the comparability of data across studies. This review critically analyz...
This article attempts to review the 2022 flash flood effects in the context of climate change and heat waves. Temperature increases accelerate the hydrological cycle by accumulating a large amount of water vapors in the atmosphere. According to the UN report, in 2022, around three hundred glaciers will have turned into lakes. 33 glaciers have been...
Swat Valley, also called the River Swat Watershed, is a combination of three districts, namely Malakand (upper Malakand), Lower Dir, and Swat Valleys, which collectively form the River Swat Watershed (Fig. 1). These three districts present a scenic view (Fig. 2) and are a source of attraction. The River Swat watershed is situated in the north of Kh...
This document discusses the impacts of climate change in Pakistan, particularly focusing on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It covers a wide range of topics, including economic losses, damages, and aid packages related to climate change, the importance of fisheries and tourism, challenges faced in various sectors, adaptation and mitigation strategies,...
The study was conducted during 2023-24 at Peshawar Capital City in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the objective of knowing the status of used engine oil (UEO) production, reuse, recycling, and disposal. Information related to the number of vehicles was obtained from the motor registration office of the study area. To quantify used engine oil production st...
In developing countries, the stone-crushing industry is an important industrial sector, producing raw materials for construction activities. On the other hand, stone crushing has significant effects on the environment and human health. This study reviews the contribution of stone crushers in the construction sector and the degradation of environmen...
In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the climate change policy of Pakistan developed in 2016 in the context of institutional arrangements. Being a developing country, there may be gaps in its implementation. To look after environmental problems and conservation, Pakistan has a separate ministry called the Ministry of Climate Change. As...
Land restoration, Desertification and drought resilience
Importance of World Environment Day by Prof. Dr. M. Nafees, Environmental Sciences, UoP
👉 Climate change and Role of Peshawar University, Vice Chancellor, UoP
👉 Introduction to climate change Impacts and Land Restoration. Dr. Noor Jehan, Vice Chairperson, PRCS Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).
👉 Ecosy...
The Department of Environment at the University of Peshawar has a vital role in advocating for climate change mitigation, reducing pollution, and conserving the environment in Pakistan. Since 1987, the Department of Environment has been training experts throughout the entire country, with a particular focus on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Working in governm...
Pakistan is forest-deficient and cannot afford forest losses associated with large-scale wildfire destruction. The Northern Mountainous Range (NMR) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province has substantial forest cover, yet complex human-environment interactions have created vast fire-prone areas. This study examines the historical and environmental drivers o...
Tomatoes become expensive in Pakistan every year in the month of November. Tomatoes started to decrease in the market from the month of March this year. In the month of April, there became a crisis due to continuous decline. Since 2023, tomato cultivation has been reduced by 40% due to a lack of adequate prices. Apart from this, the crop came late...
Organic soil amendments derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) have the potential to improve the health and productivity of soil. To study solid waste dump site and its use, a two-year field experiment was conducted by preparing two types of compost, i.e. fresh (D1: derived from the mining of the freshly dumped MSW) and old composts (D2: obtained...
Water is a blessing from God Almighty. It is one of the necessities of life and a symbol of life. Its importance is estimated from the fact that it is mentioned in 58 places in the Holy Quran. Surah Al-Anbiya, verse 30, mentions: "Do the disbelievers not realize that the heavens and earth were once one mass, then We split them apart? And We created...
The document discusses the impacts of climate change in Pakistan, particularly focusing on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It covers a wide range of topics including economic losses, damages, and aid packages related to climate change, the importance of fisheries and tourism, challenges faced in various sectors, adaptation and mitigation strategies, p...
Importance of Mountains: Floods and environmental issues in the context of climate change in mountainous areas of Pakistan
Geographically, Pakistan is divided into two major parts. One part consists of mountains, range-land and deserts. Which is about 60% of the entire area of Pakistan. And the second is the plane area, where we live and do many o...
In this presentation, an attempt has been made to explain the creation of the earth and climate change in the light of Islam. The basic aim is to understand the various earth systems in relation to climate change and identify our collective and individual roles in mitigating climate change impacts. For this purpose, relevant verses from the Quran h...
When rivers are diverted to dams or small-scale hydroelectric projects, the quantity of water tends to diminish, which frequently has negative effects on the downstream ecology and livelihood opportunities. Keeping a specific ecological flow is thought to be an effective treatment, but simultaneously, it may also have an impact on the social and ec...
This study was conducted to investigate the impact of industrial activities on heavy metals status in wastewater, sludge and flora on the bank of selected main drains of the Hayatabad Industrial estate, Peshawar. Plants, sludge and wastewater samples of selected sites were collected and analyzed for heavy metals distribution; cadmium (Cd), chromium...
Background and Objectives
A gradual growth of the human population has increased the demand for resources, which has put pressure on available natural resources. Industrialization is one of the important sectors to meet human needs. The increasing trend of industrialization is associated with a considerable amount of waste generation which can sign...
In many countries of the world, especially underdeveloped countries, the practice of solid waste management is inefficient. Solid waste management has become a difficult environmental issue. Due to poor waste handling practices, many environmental and health issues arise. In this regard, many countries are trying to find ways to deal with the probl...
The purpose of celebrating Earth Day is to review the earth's resources available to us. We need to review land resources that we have, find out how they are used and what problems they are facing. It has been seen that most countries do not have all the resources, due to which they suffer from some kind of environmental or economic problem. For ex...
Canal cleaning is a routine activity on the canals diverted from the Kabul River. As a result, thousands of tons of sediment are removed as sludge and flushed back into the Kabul River. In Peshawar city, most people use this sediment as a soil conditioner in lawns. But the farmers are hesitant to apply it in agricultural fields. It is perceived tha...
This article describes a new idea about industrial pollution abatement through berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus Spp. as an accelerating agent. For this purpose, berseem plant was grown on soil irrigated with industrial wastewater in pots. Three cuttings of plants were obtained at different interval...
In Pakistan, the subject of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was introduced recently. For most of the projects, at government level, EIA is neglected. Most of the developers are reluctant to EIA and argue that it is an un-necessary formality and discourages development. This is a wrong perception. Therefore, it is required to clear the concept...
Climate change is a result of the release of various gases into the atmosphere. Among these Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) being the most important. Methane gas has a greater ability to absorb infrared radiation than carbon dioxide, but is less important because of its low abundance and short lifetime in the atmosphere. It has the ability t...
ONE DAY NATIONAL CONFERENCE
“CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES)”
November 29, 2022
Venue: Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar
BACKGROUND:
Climate change is a matter of concerned for the entire world. Pakistan, although not a big emitter...
As a result of atmospheric pollution across the globe there is even increase in carbon dioxide and methane gases. due to this the atmospheric temperature is constantly increasing. The very first impact of this is on the hydrological cycle, i.e. water circulation system in the earth is accelerated. It is estimated that a one degree increase in tempe...
Climate change is a matter of concerned for the entire world. Pakistan, although not a big emitter of greenhouse gases, lists among top ten countries facing the impacts of climate change. According to recent UN report, Pakistan suffered a loss of 26 billion USD in 2021, which is 9.1 percent of its GDP. The increase in mean temperatures in hyper ari...
The Kabul River and its associated wetlands provide habitat for local and migratory bird species migrating from Siberia and support significant ecological processes and services. The aim of the study was to identify the migratory bird species visiting these wetlands and the impacts on both migratory and native wetland species due to the natural and...
The poultry sector is a growing sector that generates a huge quantity of poultry litter (waste) worldwide. This study examined the current status of the poultry activities, litter disposal procedures as well as its effects on wheat production in the Haripur District (Pakistan). In view of this, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 73 poultry...
This study comparatively investigated the influence of changes in pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical, structural, and adsorptive properties of biochars derived from a green waste (Cynodon dactylon L.). For this purpose, the biophysically dried green wastes were pyrolyzed at 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C under the same pyrolysis conditions. T...
Employees Welfare Fund is established under syndicate in 1993 for the purpose to help out Peshawar University Employees in arrangement and management of Azakhail housing scheme. The Board of Directors has established a Project technical Committee (hereinafter called “the Committee”) to provide oversight for all project activities of the housing sch...
آج کل پلاسٹک کا استعمال بہت زیادہ ہے. اور پوری دنیا کو اپنے لپیٹ میں لیا ہے. ایسا کوئی گھر نہیں ہے, جس میں پلاسٹک سے بنی ہوئی اشیاء نہ ہو. ہر بندہ روزانہ کسی نہ کسی صورت میں پلاسٹک کا استعمال کرتا ہے. ویسے تو پلاسٹک کوئی زہریلی چیز نہیں ہے, سیوائے اس کے کہ اس کو قدرتی طور پر تحلیل ہونے میں بہت وقت لگتا ہے. پلاسٹک کے کل پراڈکٹشن کا چالیس فیصد حصہ صر...
With the passage of time the growing impacts of climate change are becoming more visible and clear. It seems that a common person is recognizing the impacts of climate change., It is good that a common person is getting awareness and showing concerned over climate change impacts and play his/her role in its mitigation and work for adaptation to it....
Year 2022 was too heavy for Pakistan in terms of big number of forest fire incidents in Pakistan. Tow provinces, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were damaged badly. A total of 464 fire incidents were observed in these only in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces. It was related to climate change and heat wave that hit Pakistan and India during April and...
This study was conducted to know about the nutritional quality of poultry litter amended with chemical coagulants after composting. For this purpose, chemical coagulants (i.e. Aluminum Sulphate and Aluminum Chloride, a dosage of 45g /chick) were applied in the selected poultry farms. Three types of poultry litter (i.e. treated with Aluminum Sulfate...
This study was conducted during 2018-19 after the implementation of the 18th constitutional amendments, under which the provincial government was given autonomy.The objective of the study was an attempt to address institutional problems concerning environmental protection and forest resource conservation. The various aspects highlighted include leg...
In this presentation major environmental problems of Pakistan in relation to climate change have been highlighted.
08.05.2022
This study was conducted during 2018-19 after the implementation of the 18th constitutional amendments, under which the provincial government was given autonomy. The objective of the study was an attempt to address institutional problems concerning environmental protection and forest resource conservation. The various aspects highlighted include le...
Climate change has affected the entire world, especially the developing countries. As per German watch report on climate change, Pakistan stand at 5 th on the vulnerable most counters. Pakistan contributes 980Kg/capita/year carbon dioxide. Total carbon emission is-tone annually. In this regards Pakistan is not the major contribute in climate change...
Citation: Khurshid, M.; Nafees, M.; Khan, A.; Yin, H.; Ullah, W.; Rashid, W.; Han, H.; Lashari, A.H. Off-Season Agriculture Encroachment in the Uplands of Northern Pakistan: Need for Sustainable Land Management. Land 2022, 11, 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040520
This study was conducted during 2018-19 after the implementation of the 18th constitutional amendments, under which provincial government was given autonomy. The objective of the study was an attempt to address institutional problems concerning environmental protection and forest resource conservation. The various aspects highlighted include legisl...
Citation: Sultan, H.; Rashid, W.; Shi, J.; Rahim, I.u.; Nafees, M.; Bohnett, E.; Rashid, S.; Khan, M.T.; Shah, I.A.; Han, H.; et al. Horizon Scan of Transboundary Concerns Impacting Snow Leopard Landscapes in Asia. Land 2022, 11, 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020248
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to verify the theory about the origin of the Pashtun race by reviewing the book 'Tareekhi Khan-Jehani wa Mukhzani Afghani'. The book indicates that Pashtun tribes are associated with Bani Israel, a Jewish group, and are the descendants of Hazarat Yaqoob AS. The genealogy of Afghans is connected to Malik Taloo...
This article aimed to identify Hadith relevant to environmental protection and resource conservation with the idea to make sure that individual know about a healthy environment and each one has role for its betterment. For the purpose to identify relevant Hadith, famous book of Hadith "Sahih Bukhari Sharif" was reviewed. Sahih Bukhari Sharif has 6...
In Pakistan with the age of 60 or abovr is comparatively less. About 6% people in Pakistan comp comprised of this group. Research revealed that COVID-19 related deaths are completely more than other. Death rate among people with age from 60 to 80 years is about 26%. It was found that elder with the age of 80 or above is the vulnerable most group....
The growth and development of plants is a flexible and dynamic process. Among the plant hormones, Auxin is responsible for the plant’s growth and development. Plants regulate the Auxin pathways at various levels such as metabolism, biosynthesis, transport, and perception. One of the remarkable aspects of plant plasticity is the variation of develop...
In most parts of the world, particularly developing countries, there is no practice of keeping proper records of the handling, treatment and disposal of urban and industrial solid wastes. For this reason, there are difficulties in planning solid waste management. In this context, this study aims to determine the organization’s role in record keepin...
In this study, industrial wastewater and groundwater were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties, concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), human health risks and pollution source(s). Every month, 34 wastewater samples and 26 groundwater samples were collected, for a duration of one year. The results showed that...
This article is an attempt to analyze different phases of lockdown in Pakistan with the aim to know about its effectiveness against COVID-19 and seek affordable alternative. In the first phase Pakistan observed complete lockdown that was very effective, but due to its bad impacts on labor community it was not possible to continue it for a long time...
This paper is a review of land acquisitions and land encroachment issues in Swat Valleys, north of Pakistan in the light of Forest Act 1927, Land acquisition act 1969 and Environmental Protection Act 1997. The objective of this review was to identify land acquisitions related issues in relation to land and resource ownership. In Swat valley there a...
Citation: Bacha, M.S.; Muhammad, M.; Kılıç, Z.; Nafees, M. The Dynamics of Public Perceptions and Climate Change in Swat Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4464. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084464
The impact of different biochars (BCs) on the physicochemical properties and immobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in contaminated soil irrigated with industrial wastewater for the last three decades was studied. Furthermore, the efficacy of applied BCs in reducing geostatistical risks was also evaluated. For this purpose, BCs were pr...
Water scarcity is a known and major issue throughout the world. To tackle water scarcity, there is an urgent need for water re-use and recycling through wastewater treatment. This study is an attempt to re-used industrial effluent after treatment with gamma irradiation. The main drain of the industrial estate was sampled and analyzed for Physico-ch...
The current pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV2 has caused a worldwide panic. This dead virus attacked the people of Wuhan China for the first time and then quickly spread all over the world. Now the US and Europe have become the main targeting centers of this virus with thousands of deaths with pneumonia. This review article is aimed to highlight the c...
The focus of the present study was to assess the quality of different drinking water sources, impacts of poor water quality on human health, and to apportion pollution source(s) of the district Bajaur, Pakistan. Drinking water samples (n = 331) were randomly collected from springs, hand pumps, open wells, and tube wells and analyzed for physicochem...
The concept of sustainable development is a demanding challenge for maintaining the ecological balance and survival of living beings. This concept also has a key role in economic growth and improving environmental quality. By adopting the idea of sustainability, many countries of the world showed the successful results of the conservation of natura...
Industrial development and urbanization have increased the demand for fresh wood which has affected the production rate of industries. This study was aimed to evaluate the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of wood-based industries at Hayatabad Industrial Estate, Peshawar. For this purpose, the match industry was studied for its inputs and outputs. The pr...
Department of environmental sciences was established with the aim to prepare workforce for coping with various environmental challenges faced by Pakistan in general and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular. The department of Environmental sciences was established in 1987. Since that time it is regularly feeding workforce in various governmental and non...
The present study was conducted in the Plum orchard zone of district Peshawar. The study was aimed to investigate the levels of different micronutrients in the orchard soil and crop in corresponding to non-orchards. For this purpose, samples of soil and seasonal crop (wheat crop) were collected from both orchard and non-orchard fields. The collecte...
Kabul River is a major river of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Its water is widely used for irrigation in Peshawar, Nowshera and Charsada districts. At the same time it receives wastewater directly from various industries situated in the mentioned district. This induction of waste water has deteriorated water quality and adversely affected aquatic fl...
In this article an attempt has been made to review the historic trends in foreign and domestic tourism in Pakistan with the aim to calculate expected loss due to ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose gross domestic product (GDP) growth in relation to tourism activities and COVID-19 cases were analyzed. This review revealed that tourist activi...
In Pakistan water availability decreased by 78.4% over the past six decades. To avoid threats to food security linked with water scarcity, Pakistan needs to plan its available water resources aggressively. Afghanistan and Pakistan share an Indus River tributary since the Kabul River, the building of 12 dams challenge is a more important issue compa...
Abstract
Recently the outbreak of novel coronavirus-19 in China has caused a worldwide panic. The center of viral attack was the people in Wuhan city of China and then spread rapidly all over the world. This review aims to highlight the current issue of novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) to evaluate the present knowledge about human causalities its ec...
Background and Rationale: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Economic Zones Development and Management Company (KPEZDMC) is a company working under the mandate of Government of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) to develop and manage industrial estates/parks or economic zones located at different cities of the province.
KPEZDMC has the main objective to provide industri...
Kabul River, being the major river of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, has remarkable contribution in soil fertility, agriculture, electric power generation and food production. Unfortunately, due to the continuous discharge of untreated domestic and industrial waste, the water quality of the river is deteriorating day by day. The sewage of Peshawar city finds...
So many governmental and non-governmental organizations across the globe have worked on the concept of big data. Pakistan too has worked on big-data concept and has established big data banks for stock exchange, banking etc. It is not only time consuming but also hard to read and understand such big set of data. In such situation, data are processe...
Data availability and processing is a problem everywhere and need focus attentions. So many governmental and non-governmental organizations across the globe have worked on the concept of big data. Pakistan too has worked on big-data concept and has established big data banks for stock exchange, banking etc. It is not only time consuming but also ha...
As the fear of the covid-19 is growing, people are turning toward home remedies. Till now there is no established medicine or local recipe available for covid-19. Treating covid-19 in unscientific manner may be another big danger. In this article an attempt has been made to review the use of herbs natural product in a proper manner and develop our...
اس وقت ایسا لگ رہا ہے کہ کروناوائرس کی وجہ سے ہمارے بزرگ ٹارگٹ پر ہیں یا ٹارگٹ پر ڈالے گئے ہیں.
بزرگ کسی معاشرے کا اہم جز ہے. یہ جوان طبقے کی زندگی میں ایک رہنما کی حیثیت رکھتا ہے. خاص کر مذھبی اور اخلاقی اقدار ان ہی کے مرہون منت ہیں. ہم جب بھی کسی مصیبت میں پھنس جائیں اور نکلنے کا راستہ نہ ہو, تو بزرگ ہی کام آتے ہیں. وہ اپنے زندگی کے نشیب و فراز...
In this article an attempt has been made to review the historic trends in foreign and domestic tourism in Pakistan with the aim to calculate expected loss due to ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose grass domestic product (GDP) growth in relation to tourism activities and COVID-19 cases were analyzed. This review revealed that tourist activi...
This article is an attempt to analyze different phases of lockdown in Pakistan with the aim to know about its effectiveness against COVID-19 and seek affordable alternative. In the first phase Pakistan observed complete lockdown that was very effective, but due to its bad impacts on labor community it was not continued for a long time. In the secon...
Pakistan, being as a neighbor country of China and Iran was vulnerable most to COVID-19 pandemic. During receiving Pakistani pilgrims from Iran, Pakistani government reacted toward the spread of COVID-19 after report of first COVID-19 case on 25th of February, 2020. Quarantine facilities were arranged with delay and were the main cause of epidemic...
Pakistan, being as a neighbor country of China and Iran was vulnerable most to COVID-19 pandemic. During receiving Pakistani pilgrims from Iran, Pakistani government reacted toward the spread of COVID-19 after report of first COVID-19 case on 25th of February, 2020. Quarantine facilities were arranged with delay and were the main cause of epidemic...
In this article is an attempt to analyze different phases of lockdown, its affordability and effectiveness. In comparison with other parts of the world, especially the neighboring countries, COVID-19 related deaths were very low in Pakistan. As there was change in the mode of lockdown from forced lockdown to partial and smart lockdown, therefore an...
Pakistan, being as a neighbor country of China and Iran was vulnerable most to COVID-19 pandemic. During receiving Pakistani pilgrims from Iran, Pakistani government reacted toward spread of COVID-19 after report of 1st case of COVID-19 on 25th of February, 2020. Quarantine facilities were arranged with delay and were the main cause of epidemic in...
Review of IEE Lowari Tunnel
1. Description of project activity spreaded over 10 pages (14-23) is well defined, comprehensive and giving a clear picture.
2. As stated on page 23 S No. 5, No satellite image was found in Appendix-H.
3. Page 23, S No. 5 1st para last sentence as “it is observed that no reliable data on various issues/topic specific fo...
Picture taken after successful PhD defense.
The research work was supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohammed Nafees
Panel of Examiners consists of:
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Irshad, COMSAT University, Abbattsbad
Prof. Qissr Mehmood COMSAT University, Abbattsbad
Dr. Zahir Khan, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar