Nadim K Copty

Bogazici University · Institute of Environmental Sciences

Thermal remediation technologies are fast and effective tools for the remediation of contaminated soils and sediments. Nevertheless, the high energy consumption and the effect of high temperature on the soil properties may hinder the wide applications of thermal remediation methods. This review highlights the recent studies focused on thermal remed...

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been extensively investigated for the remediation of soil, wastewater, and groundwater contaminated with heavy metals. This paper presents a collective review of nZVI synthesis, nZVI interaction mechanisms with heavy metals, factors affecting nZVI reactivity, recent applications of nZVI for heavy metals removal...

This review provides a general overview of the application of chemical oxidation to hydrophobic contaminants in the form of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Six types of chemical oxidation processes, three conventional processes: activated persulfate, permanganate, and ozonation, along with three advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): Fenton proces...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the elution behavior of pool-dominated dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone mass during enhanced solubilization remediation. Flow-cell experiments were first conducted to investigate the performance of different solubilization agents on the DNAPL source zone mass removal in porous media. PCE...

Co-solvent flushing into contaminated soils is one of the most effective techniques for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) remediation. In addition to the increase of DNAPL solubility, co-solvents (e.g. ethanol) can alter the viscosity and density of aqueous phase and diffusion coefficient of solute. Any changes in these parameters can change t...

Nanotechnology has been widely used in many fields including in soil and groundwater remediation. Nanoremediation has emerged as an effective, rapid, and efficient technology for soil and groundwater contaminated with petroleum pollutants and heavy metals. This review provides an overview of the application of nanomaterials for environmental cleanu...

Nanoremediation technologies involve the use of reactive NPs for the conversion and detoxification of contaminants. The main mechanisms for remediation by NPs are catalysis and chemical reduction. In addition, adsorption is another removal mechanism facilitated by the NPs since NPs have high surface-area-to-mass ratios and different distribution of...

Cosolvent flushing has evolved as a viable technology for the remediation of groundwater resources contaminated with non‐aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). This study investigates the effect of cosolvents on the interphase mass transfer of NAPLs into the flushing solutions, a key process that controls the effectiveness of the enhanced dissolution techn...

The use of saline groundwater for irrigation can lead to significant salt accumulation in agricultural soils. This in turn can lead to a decrease in crop yields threatening food security. This study examines the impact of irrigation pattern and soil compaction on the salt dynamics in soils. Laboratory-scale column experiments were conducted for dif...

Laboratory-scale column experiments were carried out to assess the influence of water infiltration on pooled light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) redistribution in porous media. A simplified image analysis method (SIAM) was used to evaluate the saturation distributions of the LNAPL and water in the entire domain under dynamic conditions. The expe...

This paper investigates the impact of heterogeneity of the transmissvity field on the interpretation of steady‐state pumping test data from aquifer systems delimited by constant head boundaries such as aquifers adjacent to lakes or rivers. Spatially variable transmissivity fields are randomly generated and used to simulate the drawdown due to a pum...

Rare earth elements (REEs) are commercially used in an increasing number of critical or widely popular consumer and industrial products. Neodymium (Nd) element has emerged in recent years as one of the most critical REE, due to risks associated with its security of supply at required amounts. It has been widely reported that end of life (EoL) consu...

Laboratory-scale column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of water table fluctuation on light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) migration and redistribution in porous media. A simplified image analysis method (SIAM) was used to evaluate the saturation distributions of the LNAPL and water in the entire domain under dynamic condi...

Capillary pressure saturation (Pc–Sw) relationship plays a central role in the description of fluid flow in porous media. In this research, the light transmission visualization (LTV) technique was applied to characterize the Pc–Sw relationship in a double-porosity medium. Four experiments were conducted in two-dimensional (2-D) flow chambers packed...

Traffic is a major concern for the city of Istanbul due to the rapid increase in population and car ownership. Eurasia Tunnel, which has a capacity around 100,000 light vehicles/day, is the fourth highway link between Asia and Europe, established to relieve the existing pressure on the transport system. As an important alternative to other Bosphoru...

Capillary pressure saturation (Pc–Sw) relationship plays a central role in the description of fluid flow in porous media. In this research, the light transmission visualization (LTV) technique was applied to characterize the Pc–Sw relationship in a double-porosity medium. Four experiments were conducted in two-dimensional (2-D) flow chambers packed...

Landscape planning is associated with the ecological land use management in order to sustain these lands together with their natural and cultural settings. These natural resources basically involve the components of vegetation, soil, water and the underground. Groundwater is one of the vital hydrological resources of the lands. Large fraction of th...

Multiphase flow modeling is often used for the comparison and optimization of subsurface nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) remediation schemes. The calibration of such models is a challenging task due to the lack of detailed data describing the initial NAPL spatial distribution and the processes governing the fate and transport of NAPLs in porous medi...

The influence of infiltration on the migration of a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in double-porosity soil using the light transmission visualization (LTV) technique is investigated. Two LNAPL volumes (low and high volumes) were exposed to two rainfall intensities (light and heavy infiltration). For comparison purposes, the experiments were...

The Eurasia Tunnel, a 5.4-km tunnel connecting the Asian and European sides of Istanbul, Turkey, was opened for operation in December 2016. This paper describes the air quality modeling that was conducted during the design phase of the structure, to evaluate the impact of the tunnel traffic on ambient air quality in the vicinity of the tunnel. The...

The partitioning of surfactants into non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) during Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) is potentially an important and non-negligible phenomenon that can strongly impact remediation efficiency. This paper numerically investigates the impact of surfactant partitioning on the enhanced NAPL dissolution and mobiliz...

The rate of interphase mass transfer from non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) entrapped in the subsurface into the surrounding mobile aqueous phase is commonly expressed in terms of Sherwood (Sh) correlations that are expressed as a function of flow and porous media properties. Because of the lack of precise methods for the estimation of the interfac...

Nano-ZnO enters landfills mostly through disposal of cosmetics, sunscreens and catalysts. However, its effects on waste degradation are still unclear. In this paper, a fuzzy-based model is proposed to predict biogas and methane production from simulated bioreactor landfill with and without ZnO nanomaterials. Eight deterministic inputs (pH, RedOx po...

In recent years, biosorption is being considered as an environmental friendly technology for the recovery of rare earth metals (REE). This study investigates the optimal conditions for the biosorption of neodymium (Nd) from an aqueous solution derived from hard drive disk magnets using green microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). The parameters considere...

Results of the kinetic analysis. (XLSX)

Estimating the statistical parameters (mean, variance, and integral scale) that define the spatial structure of the transmissivity or hydraulic conductivity fields is a fundamental step for the accurate prediction of subsurface flow and contaminant transport. In practice, the determination of the spatial structure is a challenge because of spatial...

As a result of extensive use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products, significant amounts of ENMs are eventually released to the environment and find their way to wastewater treatment plants, incineration plants and landfills. Recent concerns about the potential impacts of these materials on the environment and human health, have di...

Welcome to the final conference of the COST Action ES1205. The most important aim of our Action was to create a pan-European network and, glancing at the book of abstracts – I can say – we were successful. The majority of contributions you will find here were influenced by our activities. The foundations of this Action however, must certainly be th...

Extensive use of nanomaterials in commercial consumer products and industrial applications eventually leads to their release to the waste streams and the environment. Nano-ZnO is one of the most widely-used nanomaterials (NMs) due to its unique properties. It is also known to impact biological processes adversely. In this study, the effect of nano-...

In the past decades, subsurface non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination has been recognized as one of the most widespread and challenging environmental problems. Thus, researchers have focused their efforts on developing and testing the efficiency of remediation methodologies, able to address the unique nature of these contaminants. Recently,...

The accidental release of organic contaminants in the form of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) into the subsurface is a widespread and challenging environmental problem. Successful remediation of sites contaminated with NAPLs is essential for the protection of human health and the environment. One technology that has received significant attention...

Despite widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in commercial products and their potential disposal in landfills, the fate of ENMs in solid waste environments are still not well understood. In this study, the leaching behavior of nano ZnO -one of the most used ENMs- in fresh municipal solid waste (MSW) was investigated. Batch reactors con...

In the past decades, subsurface non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination has been recognized as one of the most widespread and challenging environmental problems. Thus, researchers have focused their efforts on developing and testing the efficiency of remediation methodologies, able to address the unique nature of these contaminants. Recently,...

Bartın spring watershed which is located in the northwest of Turkey, supplies the water needs of the Bartın city and its’ vicinity. The vegetation parameters, LAI and RD significantly influence the watershed water budget. In order to analyze the sensitivity of a hydrodynamics model, “MIKE SHE-fully integrated hydrodynamics model software” was used....

Although aquifers are naturally heterogeneous, the interpretation of pumping tests is commonly performed under the assumption of aquifer homogeneity. This yields interpreted hydraulic parameters averaged over a domain of uncertain extent which disguises their relation to the underlying heterogeneity. In this study, we numerically investigate the se...

The modeling of streamflow is often needed for the sustainable management of water resources and for the protection against flooding. Over the years numerous streamflow forecasting models have been developed, black-box models, like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), have became quite popular in the field of hydrologic engineering, because of their r...

Interphase mass transfer in porous media is commonly modeled using Sherwood number expressions that are developed in terms of fluid and porous medium properties averaged over some representative elementary volume (REV). In this work the influence of sub-grid scale properties on interphase mass transfer was investigated using a two-dimensional pore...

Bioretention is one of the most common low-impact development (LID) types but there is lack of knowledge in the capacity and local behavior of bioretentions. In this study, laboratory-scale experiments are conducted in order to investigate the heavy metal removal capacity of bioretentions. Batch sorption experiments were first performed to determin...

The accidental release of organic contaminants in the form of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) is a widespread and challenging environmental problem. Successful remediation of sites contaminated with NAPLs is essential for the protection of human health. An effective remediation method is the injection of chemical additives (cosolvents) together w...

The contamination of the subsurface by organic compounds in the form of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) is among the most challenging environmental problems. Field investigations have shown that due to their low solubility and high interfacial tension, many NAPLs can persist in porous media for decades and even centuries. Among the more promising...

This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art on interphase mass transfer between immiscible fluids in porous media with focus on the factors that have significant influence on this process. In total close to 300 papers were reviewed focusing to a large extent on the literature relating to NAPL contamination of the subsurface. The large body...

The objective of this study is to present an integrated stochastic approach for quantifying the risk of oil spill in marine waters and adjacent coasts. This was achieved via the effective cooperation between the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) and the Bogazici University (BU) within the framework of a bilateral joint research project...

Land use management is one of the most critical factors influencing soil carbon storage and the global carbon cycle. This study evaluates the impact of land use change on the soil carbon stock in the Karasu region of Turkey which in the last two decades has undergone substantial deforestation to expand hazelnut plantations. Analysis of seasonal soi...

EXTENDED ABSTRACT In a companion paper (Stamou et al., 2013) an integrated mathematical model was presented for the assessment of oil spill risk due to maritime accidents. The model consists of four parts: (1) a physics-based hydrodynamic model (HYM) which computes the spatial distribution of surface water currents as the main driving force for oil...

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Oil slicks often occur due to sea casualties and have severe environmental and ecological impacts on sea and coastal ecosystems. When the oil is leaked into the seawater it spreads forming a spill and a series of physical, chemical and biological processes take place (weathering processes), such as transport, dispersion, dissoluti...

Our study assessed the impact of hazelnuts (Coryllus avellena L.) in land-use conversion from forest (F) to agricultural land (AL) on various attributes of soil respiration dynamics, such as soil elemental carbon (C%) content, microbial respiration, bulk density, soil pH, electrical conductivity, and seasonal variations. We developed soil C% models...

Land use dynamics can have a significant impact on watershed hydrology. In this study, we develop a land use dynamics model coupled with a spatially distributed three-dimensional surface-subsurface hydrologic model. The coupled model is applied to the Bartin spring watershed, a rural watershed located in the northwestern Turkey. The land use dynami...

Recent research suggests that when high concentration gradients (HCG) are present, resulting sharp density differences can cause the dispersive flux relationship to deviate from its classical Fickian form. This paper presents stable, upward, miscible displacement experiments conducted in two different types of porous media for a wide range of conce...

This study examines the mechanistic processes governing multiphase flow of a water-cosolvent-NAPL system in saturated porous media. Laboratory batch and column flushing experiments were conducted to determine the equilibrium properties of pure NAPL and synthetically prepared NAPL mixtures as well as NAPL recovery mechanisms for different water-etha...

The analysis of drawdown data from pumping tests is often performed using graphical techniques that are based on the assumption of aquifer homogeneity. However, natural subsurface formations are heterogeneous with complex patterns of spatial variability. In this paper, we describe a novel interpretation method that uses the time derivative of the d...

The hydrodynamic dispersion of contaminants in the subsurface is commonly described by Fick's Law which expresses the dispersive mass flux as a linear function of the concentration gradient. However, recent research suggests that the relationship may deviate from linearity where high concentration gradients (HCG) exist. In this study stable one-dim...

This study examines the mechanistic processes governing multiphase flow of a water-cosolvent-NAPL system in saturated porous media. Laboratory batch and column flushing experiments were conducted to determine the equilibrium properties of pure NAPL and synthetically prepared NAPL mixtures as well as NAPL recovery mechanisms for different water-etha...

In this study we investigate the impact of input concentration on the mobility of poly(acrylic acid) supported magnetite nanoparticles in saturated porous media. Transport experiments were conducted in a water-saturated sand-packed column for nanoparticle suspensions with total Fe concentrations ranging from 100 to 600 mg/L. Particle size analysis...

This paper investigates the impact of dilution on the mobility of magnetite nanoparticles surface coated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Transport experiments were conducted in a water-saturated sand-packed column for input nanoparticle solutions with total Fe concentrations ranging from 100 to 600mg/L. Particle size analysis of the synthesized nano...

Hydrologists routinely analyze pumping test data using conventional interpretation methods that are based on the assumption of homogeneity and that, consequently, yield single estimates of representative flow parameters. However, natural subsurface formations are intrinsically heterogeneous, and hence, the flow parameters influencing the drawdown v...

This paper examines the potential for enhanced NAPL recovery from the subsurface through the combined application of hot water and cosolvent flushing. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temperature on fluid properties and the multiphase behavior of the ethanol-water-toluene system and to assess the impact of temperature on...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the dominant land use pattern on soil carbon content, nitrogen content, the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) from forested, deforested areas, and grasslands in the Coastal Black Sea Region of Adapazari, Turkey. For this purpose, soil samples were collected during the Spring and Fall of 2009 from...

The presence of organic materials plays an important role in the fate of heavy metals that are co-disposed together with municipal solid wastes. As a part of an on-going research project, which aims to find out the most effective attenuation mechanism of heavy metal removal in landfills, sorption batch experiments were performed to assess the sorpt...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of overland traffic on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soils (Istanbul, Turkey). Road dust, surface, and subsurface soil samples were collected from a total of 41 locations along highways with dense traffic and secondary roads with lower traffic and analyzed for lead (Pb), zi...

Accurate estimation of level change in lakes and reservoirs in response to climatic variations is an important step for the development of sustainable water usage policies, particularly for complex hydrological systems such as Lake Beysehir, Turkey. In this study, level changes of Lake Beysehir were estimated using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference sy...

Pumping tests are routinely used in field applications for the identification of subsurface flow parameters. Interpretation of these tests is normally performed using conventional methods that are developed based on the assumption of homogeneity and, as such, yield representative or "apparent" estimates of the flow parameter of the aquifer volume s...

The hydrodynamic dispersion of contaminants in the subsurface is commonly described by Fick's Law which expresses the dispersive mass flux as a linear function of the concentration gradient. However, recent research has shown that under high concentration gradient (HCG) conditions -- as encountered for example in salt formations -- the relationship...

The increased use of engineered nanoparticles in various applications such as electronics and biomedical engineering has raised concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. In this study we investigate the fate and transport in porous media of super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles surface coated with poly acrylic ac...

The bioremediation of organic contaminants in the subsurface is strongly influenced by the existing geochemical environment. In this study a coupled reactive transport and geochemical model is developed for the simulation of enhanced bioremediation of organic contamination in the presence of pyrite. The two-dimensional model allows for the simulati...

Pumping tests are routinely interpreted from the analysis of drawdown data and their derivatives. These interpretations result in a small number of apparent parameter values which lump the underlying heterogeneous structure of the aquifer. Key questions in such interpretations are (1) what is the physical meaning of those lumped parameters and (2)...

The aim of this study is to measure the in-situ carbon dioxide emissions from forest floors in forested and deforested areas in Karasu Forests in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Carbon dioxide emissions from forest floors are one of the main reasons of increasing the carbon concentration in the atmosphere. Deforestation, releases CO2 to the atm...

A novel methodology for the interpretation of pumping tests in leaky aquifer systems, referred to as the double inflection point (DIP) method, is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the first and second derivatives of the drawdown with respect to log time for the estimation of the flow parameters. Like commonly used analysis procedure...

A dynamic land use model is being developed for Bartın-Ulupınar watershed management. The watershed covers 375 km2, ultimately draining to a reservoir that supplies water to Bartın, Amasra and İnkumu city centers. Land use types represented in the model structure are based on two digitized maps for years 1986 and 2006. The model structure consists...

Land use dynamics and hydrological processes within a watershed are strongly interdependent. In this study a dynamic land use model is coupled with a fully distributed surface-subsurface three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Our study area is the Bartin Spring watershed which is located in a rural mountainous area in Northwestern Turkey. The waters...

The purpose of this study is to estimate the equivalent transmissivity for two-dimensional steady state radial flow toward a fully penetrating well in a heterogeneous leaky aquifer. The log transmissivity of the pumped aquifer is modeled as a multivariate random spatial function with stationary mean and exponential semivariogram, while the aquitard...

Conventional pumping test analysis techniques focus mostly on estimating the effective transmissivity of the perturbed subsurface volume surrounding the extraction and observation wells, ignoring the existing local-scale heterogeneity. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether transient drawdown data derived from pumping tests can also be use...

Although pH is recognized as a key factor influencing bacterial activity, existing groundwater transport models generally do not directly account for the effect of pH on the biodegradation of organic compounds. The purpose of this study is to develop a coupled reactive transport and geochemical model that explicitly incorporates the effect of spati...

Predicting the amount of landfill gas (LFG) that will be recovered at a sanitary landfill is generally associated with a high level of uncertainty, which is primarily due to the uncertainty in the definition of the parameters that control the LFG generation rate and LFG transport. To quantify these uncertainties, a three-dimensional stochastic mode...

Pumping tests are often used to estimate effective values of the transmissivity and the storativity of the perturbed aquifer portion surrounding the pumping well and observation points. The interpretation of such pumping tests is based on analytic or semi-analytic methods that are normally developed under the assumption of homogeneity in the vicini...

Conventional pumping test analysis methods generally focus on estimating the effective aquifer parameters of the perturbed region surrounding the extraction well ignoring the local-scale heterogeneity that may exist. This paper explores the use of the transient drawdown data from pumping tests to infer the statistical spatial structure of the local...