Nader Mohamed

Pennsylvania Western University · Department of Computing and Engineering Technology

Executable test cases originate at the onset of testing as abstract requirements that represent system behavior. Their manual development is time-consuming, susceptible to errors, and expensive. Translating system requirements into behavioral models and then transforming them into a scripting language has the potential to automate their conversion...

Executable test cases start at the beginning of testing as abstract requirements representing the system behavior. The manual development of these test cases is labor-intensive, error-prone, and costly. Describing the system requirements into behavioral models and transforming them into a scripting language has the potential to automate their propa...

Healthcare systems are complex systems that need effective and efficient operations, optimizations, management, and control to offer reliable, high-quality, and cost-effective healthcare services. There are different approaches to improve the management of healthcare systems including utilizing the healthcare systems engineering principles. Healthc...

Adoption of digital twins in smart factories, that model real statuses of manufacturing systems through simulation with real time actualization, are manifested in the form of increased productivity, as well as reduction in costs and energy consumption. The sharp increase in changing customer demands has resulted in factories transitioning rapidly a...

Cloud computing is a virtualized, scalable, ubiquitous, and distributed computing paradigm that provides resources and services dynamically in a subscription based environment. Cloud computing provides services through Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). Cloud computing is mainly used for delivering solutions to a large number of business and scientifi...

Several cities have recently moved towards becoming smart cities for better services and quality of life for residents and visitors, with: optimized resource utilization; increased environmental protection; enhanced infrastructure operations and maintenance; and strong safety and security measures. Smart cities depend on deploying current and new t...

Continued advancements in microprocessors, electronics, and communication technology have led to the design and development of sensing devices with increased functionalities, smaller sizes, larger processing, storage, and communication capabilities, and decreased cost. A large number of these sensor nodes are used in many environmental, infrastruct...

The adoption of a digital twin for a smart factory offers several advantages, such as improved production and reduced costs, and energy consumption. Due to the growing demands of the market, factories have adopted the reconfigurable manufacturing paradigm, wherein the structure of the factory is constantly changing. This situation presents a unique...

Health 4.0 establishes a new promising vision for the healthcare industry. It creatively integrates and employ innovative technologies such as the Internet of Health Things (IoHT), medical Cyber-Physical Systems (medical CPS), health cloud, health fog, big data analytics, machine learning, blockchain, and smart algorithms. The goal is to deliver im...

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are marking our time and they are characterized by the smooth integration of cyber and physical parts. This integration carries along both challenges and new opportunities. The combination of software and hardware elements implies more complex systems that are prone to intricate interdependencies that affect the overall...

Smart cities rely heavily on collecting and using data. Smart systems are implemented and deployed to provide intelligent features that help improve efficiency and quality of life. This creates a huge repository of data representing many aspects of smart city operations. Many data-driven applications can take advantage of this data to further impro...

Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) connect the physical world (systems, environments, and humans) with the cyber world (software, data, etc.) to intelligently enhance the operational environment they serve. CPS are distributed software and hardware components embedded in the physical world and possibly attached to humans. They offer smart features, such...

The vision of Health 4.0 (also known as Healthcare Industry 4.0) relies on utilizing new technologies to offer smart, efficient, and value-added healthcare services to patients. This vision will change the healthcare business models to improve the interactions across the healthcare value chain. It will facilitate enhanced responses to healthcare ma...

Industry 4.0 is a promising vision for advancing the manufacturing sector through the recent innovations in information and Communication Technologies that enable collecting, storing, and processing detailed and accurate data about industry processes. This data enables manufacturers for data‐driven decision making to significantly improve their ope...

Blockchain technologies have recently come to the forefront of the research and industrial communities as they bring potential benefits for many industries. This is due to their practical capabilities in solving many issues currently inhibiting further advances in various industrial domains. Securely recording and sharing transactional data, establ...

Factories use many manufacturing processes that consume a lot of energy and highly contribute in greenhouse gas emissions. The introduction of the concept of Industrial Internet in USA and Industry 4.0 in Europe offers many opportunities to reduce energy consumption in these factories. Introducing and utilizing smart techniques for the applications...

Smart buildings equipped with state-of-the-art sensors and meters are becoming more common. Large quantities of data are being collected by these devices. For a single building to benefit from its own collected data, it will need to wait for a long time to collect sufficient data to build accurate models to help improve the smart buildings systems....

Reliability is the measure of the likelihood that a product, system or service will perform its intended function adequately for a specified period of time. Low reliability of a manufacturing system, besides the costly repairs and replacements, also implies reduced production, and consequently, significantly reduced profits. Therefore, it is very i...

Abstract The smart city model is used by many organizations for large cities around the world to significantly enhance and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, improve the utilization of city resources, and reduce operational costs. This model includes various heterogeneous technologies such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of T...

A large number of advancements have taken place in microprocessor-based systems leading to significantly more processing, memory, storage, sensing, actuating, recognition, controlling and communication capabilities. Robotics is one of the areas that have benefited a lot from these advancements. Many important and useful applications for single-robo...

The advantages of the Internet of things (IoT) initiated the vision of Industry 4.0 in Europe and smart manufacturing in USA. Both visions aim to implement the smart factory to achieve similar objectives by utilizing new technologies. These technologies include cloud computing, fog computing, cyber-physical systems (CPS), and data analytics. Togeth...

When it comes to smart cities, one of the most important components is data. To enable smart city applications, data needs to be collected, stored, and processed to accomplish intelligent tasks. In this paper we discuss smart cities and the use of new and existing technologies to improve multiple aspects of these cities. There are also social and e...

Foreseeing changes in how smart cities manage their resources and provide services to the residents; research, development and production in various relevant technology fields is accelerating. Taking advantage of recent advances and innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), robotics and software; smart cities can optimize res...

Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (sCPS) extend the traditional CPS by introducing intelligent and autonomous capabilities to these systems. sCPS provide smart interactions, smart controls, and smart enhancements for the physical world. These smart features can enhance the operations, efficiency, safety, utilization, reliability, quality, and cost-effec...

In this paper, we focus on the use of linear sensor networks (LSNs) to monitor underwater pipelines. We propose the use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to move along the pipeline and collect data from the sensor nodes (SNs). It then delivers the collected data to the surface sink at the end of the LSN or LSN segment. In turn, the surface...

Energy consumption in buildings is responsible for a significant portion of the total energy use and carbon emissions in large cities. One of the main approaches to reduce energy consumption and its environmental impact is to convert buildings into smart buildings using computer, software, sensor, and network technologies. Using smart building ener...

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are being developed to provide useful interactions between physical systems and environments and cyber world for a variety of applications. CPS are designed with a set of software and interconnected distributed hardware components that are linked with physical elements to provide advanced monitoring and control mechanis...

Smart buildings are run by Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), termed as Building Management Systems (BMS). Typical goals for the operation of BMS are increasing occupant comfort and decreasing buildings energy consumption. The central and critical figure, however, for achieving both goals are buildings' occupants. In some BMS, occupants have a high leve...

Smart cities are becoming a reality. Various aspects of modern cities are being automated and integrated with information and communication technologies (ICT) to achieve higher functionality, optimized resources utilization and management and improved quality of life for the residents. Smart cities rely heavily on utilizing various software, hardwa...

This paper discusses recent and unique inventions in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). To that end, firstly the authors discuss the Sixth Sense Technology. This technology allows users to interact with virtual objects in the real world in a unique manner. It has a number of applications which are further discussed. Then the opportunities and challe...

Many big cities around the world are planning to adopt the smart city concept to enhance the quality of life for their residents. Smart cities rely on deploying different technologies and optimization techniques to improve the performance and services in transportation, energy, security, and other sectors and to reduce the costs and resources consu...

The potential for saving on energy related cost with timely and accurate Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) in Building Management Systems (BMS) has been estimated to ca. 15–30% of the overall building energy-related cost. Due to the expansion of well-equipped smart buildings that feature multitudes of sensors and meters that enable collection of...

Smart buildings are buildings equipped with the latest technological and architectural solutions, controlled by Building Management Systems (BMS), operating in fulfillment of the typical goals of increasing occupants’ comfort and reducing buildings’ energy consumption. We witness a slow, but steadily increasing trend in the number of buildings that...

Many advancements have been taking place in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology lately. This is leading towards the design and development of UAVs with various sizes that possess increased on-board processing, memory, storage, and communication capabilities. Consequently, UAVs are increasingly being used in a vast amount of commercial, militar...

Developing large scale software projects involves huge efforts at every stage of the software development life cycle (SDLC). This led researchers and practitioners to develop software processes and methodologies that will assist software developers and improve their operations. Software processes evolved and took multiple approaches to address the...

Cyber-physical systems are slowly emerging to dominate our world. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems that tightly integrates users, devices and software. Whereas many of these systems are obviously safety-critical systems, some of them become so under special circumstances. This is the case with our focus CPS, i.e. building management systems...

middleware can provide novel and practical approaches for enhancing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) application development processes and operations. This paper discusses the roles and advantages of using middleware to build CPS. In addition, the paper studies the required features needed in such middleware for development and operation of CPS.

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions to connect billions of sensors to the Internet, in order to provide new applications and services for smart cities. IoT will allow the evolution of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) from existing Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), in which the delivery of various services will be offered to drivers by integratin...

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are a special case of ad hoc networks with highly mobile nodes (on-board vehicles). One of the goals of VANETs is to use trusted relationships among vehicles to achieve cooperative driving. In this paper, we present a trust management system that uses similarity to establish and maintain trust relationships among...

In recent years, the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have evolved quickly leading to sensors with increased memory, storage, processing, and communication capabilities. WSNs have many applications in the commercial, environmental, and military fields. In addition, the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has gone through revo...

In this chapter, the authors discuss a unique technology known as the Sixth Sense Technology, highlighting the future opportunities of such technology in integrating the digital world with the real world. Challenges in implementing such technologies are also discussed along with a review of the different possible implementation approaches. This rev...

Huge amounts of data can be collected from smart buildings for accurate diagnostics. However, analyzing, storing and processing this data require huge resources as well as advanced software that implements innovative algorithms for accurate smart building diagnostics. This can be very costly for smart buildings owners. Cloud computing can provide a...

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) provide many smart features for enhancing physical processes. These systems are designed with a set of distributed hardware, software, and network components that are embedded in physical systems and environments or attached to humans. Together they function seamlessly to offer specific functionalities or features that...

The rise of smart buildings, i.e. buildings equipped with latest technology and built according to cutting-edge architectural advances, implies increased buildings’ complexity. For this reason, both new and retrofitted buildings are often susceptible to new and unforeseen faults, whose timely detection and servicing can significantly affect buildin...

VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) are a special case of ad hoc networks with highly mobile nodes (onboard vehicles). In VANETs, vehicles form trust relationships to achieve many goals. Cooperative driving is one of the goals of VANETs. In this paper, we present a scheme that uses similarity-based trust relationships to detect false safety event me...