Nader Karimi

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Verified

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• PhD University of Melbourne
• Reader (Associate Professor) at Queen Mary Universiy of London at Queen Mary University of London

Catalytic combustion of an ultra-lean hydrogen/air mixture is a promising technique for generating heat with extremely low emissions, especially in low-temperature heating applications. A major challenge of this technique is the reliance on noble catalysts, which are both expensive and rare in nature. Therefore, minimizing the use of catalysts is e...

Flat plate solar collectors (FPSCs) offer an economically attractive renewable energy solution, but their widespread adoption has been limited by suboptimal thermal performance. This study introduces an innovative strategy to boost FPSC efficiency through the optimisation of a multiple turbulator design. A thorough analysis of thermodynamic and hea...

Catalytic-aided combustion has been proven effective for premixed hydrogen/air mixtures, particularly under lean to ultra-lean conditions. However, minimising the required catalyst sets a significant challenge because noble metals with high catalytic activity are rare and expensive. Therefore, this study aims to intensify the catalytic combustion p...

Catalytic-aided combustion is a proven technique for burning highly lean and ultra-lean mixtures of hydrogen and air. However, the noble catalyst required for combustion is naturally scarce and therefore expensive. In this study, we focus on a numerical investigation to determine the best way of coating a platinum catalyst inside a catalytic hydrog...

The photo-thermal conversion performance (PTCP) of water-based nanofluids in a volumetrically heated solarcollector (VHSC) is evaluated. The influences of nanoparticle volume concentration (NVC), particle size, Rey-nolds number, operating temperature, and collector geometry on the PTCP are numerically investigated. Theutilization of nanoparticles a...

Conversion of sunlight to heat and the subsequent thermal storage by nanoencapsulated bio-based phase changematerial slurries (NBPCMSs) in a low temperature solar system is investigated. The influences of capsule size,shell material, tilt angle, solar heat flux, PCM mass concentration, nanoparticle and its concentration areexplored. The results rev...

We numerically explore the two-dimensional, incompressible, isothermal flow through a wavy channel, with a focus on how the channel geometry affects the routes to chaos at Reynolds numbers between 150 and 1000. We find that (i) the period-doubling route arises in a symmetric channel, (ii) the Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse route arises in an asymmetric cha...

Nader Karimi, Larry K. B. Li, Manosh C. Paul, Mohammad Hossein Doranehgard and Freshteh Sotoudeh introduce the RSC Advances themed issue on Advances in Sustainable Hydrogen Energy.

Advances in hybrid surfaces have revealed interesting opportunities for multiphase flow control under microgravity, as the surface tension force is dominant in this condition. However, a comprehensive investigation of bubble generation rates and slug flow parameters remains challenging. This research integrates hybrid wettability and modified dynam...

Advances in hybrid surfaces have revealed interesting opportunities for multiphase flow control under microgravity, as the surface tension force is dominant in this condition. This research integrates hybrid wettability and modified dynamic contact angle models to address this important knowledge gap. Using IsoAdvector-multiphase-method, we perform...

Transient effects are often excluded from the design and analysis of battery thermal management systems (BTMS). However, electric vehicles are subjected to significant dynamic loads causing transient battery heating that is not encountered in a steady state. To evaluate the significance of such effects, this paper presents a time-dependent analysis...

The liquid phase in the wet steam flow causes thermodynamics losses and affects steam turbine blade durability. The main objective of the present research is the design of the rotor stagger angle and different operating conditions in the low-pressure stage of the steam turbine. A two-phase Eulerian-Eulerian model and the SST k − ω model are used to...

The supercooled water droplets in clouds can cause ice to build up on the surfaces of aircraft and engines when planes are flying at low temperatures. The shape of the ice accretion depends on the temperature of the air, the liquid-water content of the air, the diameter of the droplets, the speed of the plane, and the phase of flight. The ice accre...

This paper reviews the impacts of employing inserts, nanofluids, and their combinations on the thermal performance of flat plate solar collectors. The present work outlines the new studies on this specific kind of solar collector. In particular, the influential factors upon operation of flat plate solar collectors with nanofluids are investigated....

Air pollution, climate changes, and global warming are strongly correlated with burning huge amounts of petroleum fuels. Biodiesel has emerged as a promising alternative to alleviate these problems. Nonetheless, high density and viscosity, low energy content, and poor atomization of biodiesel restrict its widespread usage in diesel engines. The add...

Increasing use of renewable energy contributes to sustainable energy production by reducing the negative effects of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. Due to the ease of use and ubiquity of solar energy, it is attractive amongst renewable sources of energy. The biggest problem of solar energy technologies, however, is not being able to benefit...

In recent years utilizing nanoparticles in black paint (nano-paint) of solar desalination absorbers has become a topic growing interest. However, in most of studies, only the effect of using different types of nanoparticles brought into the spotlight, while in those limited studies that discussed on optimum concentration of nano-particles, the resu...

Microfluidic devices, which enable precise control and manipulation of fluids at the microscale, have revolutionized various fields, including chemical synthesis and space technology. A comprehensive understanding of fluid behavior under diverse conditions, particularly in microgravity, is essential for optimizing the design and performance of thes...

The influence of heat transfer characteristics of fluids filled with paraffin core-metallic shell nanoencapsulated phase change material (PCM) on photothermal conversion and storage in a volumetrically heated solar system is numerically analysed. The results show that nanoencapsulated paraffin/Al, paraffin/Au, paraffin/Ag, and paraffin/Cu filled he...

Statistics show that developed countries already host a significant number of building integrated photovoltaic/ thermal (BIPV/T) systems, but developing countries, including many Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries, are rapidly catching up. Therefore, this review provides an overview of BIPV/T systems and development plans for MENA co...

Background: Solar energy is broadly utilized in various applications, including solar thermal collectors (STCs), heating, desalination, etc. The SCs are employed to convert solar energy into thermal one. Utilizing nanofluids (NFs) and phase change materials (PCMs) can improve the performance of STCs by enhancing the rate of heat transfer. Methods:...

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Li-ion battery Thermal regulation Artificial neural network (ANN) Deep learning Data-driven methods Energy storage A B S T R A C T Background: Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are one of the most attractive and promising energy storage systems that emerge in different industrial sectors-at the top of them electrical ve...

In recent years utilizing nanoparticles in black paint (nano-paint) of solar desalination absorbers has become a topic growing interest. However, in most of studies, only the effect of using different types of nanoparticles brought into the spotlight, while in those limited studies that discussed on optimum concentration of nano- particles, the res...

A numerical investigation is carried out to study the mixed convection of Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid-nanofluid in a vertical tube fitted with elliptical-cut twisted tape inserts (TECT). Thermodynamic irreversibilities are evaluated by calculating the Bejan number, as well as the system’s local and total entropy generation. Heat transfer, friction factor...

This review of the literature explores the potentials of liquid micro-/mini-channels to reduce operating temperatures and make temperature distributions more uniform in batteries. First, a classification and an overview of the various methods of battery thermal management are presented. Then, different types of lithium-ion batteries and their advan...

This study examines the reaction zone structure of syngas/NH3/CH4 blends in moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) conditions to determine the effects of variations in NH3 and syngas mole fractions upon the stability of the reacting system and NOx emission. A series of axisymmetric turbulent combustion simulations are performed using OpenFO...

This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of a mini circular heatsink (HS). The investigated HS features four different types with a varying number of outputs and Ag–MgO/water hybrid nanofluid (NF) as the working fluid. In different types of HSs, the number of doors created between the parts of HSs is different. Computational and experimental an...

This paper introduces a novel hybridized solar/combustion system for low-carbon production of hot water in residential sector. A prototype integrating a Flat Plat Solar Collector (FPSC) with a standard natural gas burner is built and tested extensively. This system operates in three different modes including solar, combustion, and hybridized mode o...

Premixed combustion of hydrogen/air over a platinum (Pt) catalyst is numerically investi-gated in a planar channel burner with the aim of stabilising the flame at lean to ultra-leanconditions. A steady laminar species transport model is examined in conjunction withelementary heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reaction schemes and validatedagain...

The paper numerically investigates the fluid flow and radiative heat transfer behaviour of water-based mono and hybrid nanofluids in a direct absorption solar collector under solar irradiation boundary conditions. The effects of radiation on the heat and flow performance with operating parameters such as the type of nanoparticles, volume concentrat...

Energy and mass storage in various single-phase fluid flows is of particular interest, as the world currently faces energy challenges. Double-diffusive natural convection in an n-shaped storage tank is numerically studied which can be a general guideline to maintain a storage tank with higher exergy. Lattice-Boltzmann's approach in an in-house comp...

Green ammonia is a candidate fuel to decarbonise shipping and other industries. However, ammonia features a lower reactivity compared to conventional fuels and is therefore difficult to burn. To resolve this issue, thermo-catalytic cracking of ammonia using waste heat is often employed to produce NH3/H2/N2 blends as fuel. However, on-site operation...

This paper provides a methodology to assess the average surface temperature of battery cells under realistic transient scenarios. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of battery cooling is conducted for the cases exposed to the ramps of internal heat generation inferred from the standard driving cycles. The results are then post-processed to dete...

There is a growing effort towards the application of solar technologies to meet electrical and thermal demand. However, substantial energy is used in buildings around the world for electricity and thermal comfort. Here we evaluate a novel hybrid solar-powered system for reducing the load on the direct expansion and heat pump unit of a combined heat...

Predictive models of solar desalination systems are of crucial importance for the performance evaluation of the new and existing designs of such systems. To respond to the fast growing needs for accurate and reliable modeling schemes, machine-learning techniques have been developed and utilized. A large number of methods have been applied to desali...

As a carbon neutral energy source, solar energy is one of the most effective non-conventional energy sources that can reduce environmental pollution, alleviate the energy crisis, and prevent the fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. In order for solar energy to be used by converting it into useful energy forms, it is necessary to use solar collectors...

This paper numerically investigates the forced convection and entropy generation of Fe3O4 water nanofluid inside a cylindrical tube with porous hemisphere media. The flow regime is turbulent under a uniform magnetic field and constant heat flux, and to solve the equations, the finite volume method is applied. The combination of nanofluid, magnetic...

Membrane electrodes are the essential parts of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PMFC), and they have a significant impact on the shelf life of the stack. Under the influence of prolonged low-temperature conditions, the gas diffusion layer will not be able to remove liquid water and gas transport because of the ruined micro-porous structure. Th...

This study investigates the effects of hydrophilic-to-superhydrophobic discontinuous wall contact angles on gas-liquid slug flow in a T-junction microchannel. The two-phase volume-of-fluid model with dynamic contact angle are used by solving wall-adhesion equations, which determine the shape of the fluid’s interface at and close to the wall. The go...

This paper examines the behavior of reacting NH3/H2/CH4 mixtures in moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) condition. A series of axisymmetric, turbulent reacting flow simulations are carried out incorporating a modified version of eddy dissipation concept and a few reaction mechanisms. The effects of adding a progressively increasing amoun...

Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are expected to play an increasingly important role in future energy production. In parallel, machine learning has gained prominence because of a combination of factors such as advances in computational hardware, data collection and storage, and data-driven algorithms. Against this backdrop, we provide a comprehensive...

This work investigates heat transfer and entropy generation of a turbulent flow of an Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in a plain tube (PT) with classical (TPT) and elliptical‑cut twisted tape (TECT) inserts. The heat transfer and pressure drop are investigated numerically at Re (7000–15,000), mass concentration (1–4%), and the inlet temperature of...

This study explores the effects of price inflation on the optimal performance of a solar-geothermal system capable of combined production of hydrogen, power, freshwater and heat. Multi-objective optimization is applied, with the ground water mass flow rate and the solar collector area as the decision variables, alongside the payback period and the...

The numerical research of a wall (wall or ceiling) in the presence of phase change materials is undertaken in this work due to the relevance of energy consumption in buildings. One side of the wall has a high temperature, and the other side has a low temperature. The phase change materials is placed inside a cavity with an aluminum panel. For bette...

The design of optimal energy systems is vital to achieving global environmental and economic targets. In the design of solar-geothermal multi-generation systems, most previous investigations have relied on the static multi-objective optimization approach (SMOA), which may leave considerable room for improvement under certain conditions. In this num...

This study examined the heat characteristics of a vertical shell-tube thermal storage system with phase change materials. A three-dimensional finite volume method involving an interface mesh was employed to reduce the computational time. The regime of the heat transfer flow was laminar based on the heat transfer fluid flow regime. The numerical met...

Renewable energy systems may be turning to be more effectual and inexpensive and contributing lion's share of whole energy utilization in today's power hungry planet. The efficacious usage of solar energy needs a storage appliance which could simplify the storage of surplus energy, and finally provide such energy when it desires. One of the efficac...

The importance of solar energy is evident by considering running out of fossil fuel resources and the growing energy demand. The clean and worldwide source of the sun can be a crucial remedy for the energy crisis throughout the world by extracting renewable and CO2-free solar energy. Solar air heaters are the most common type of heat exchanger for...

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Pyramid solar still Phase change materials (PCM) Thermoelectric cooling/heating module Environmental analysis Nano-based black paint Battery storage A B S T R A C T The poor people have no other medicine but only hope in developing countries that faces with lack of drinkable water. Solar desalination with various con...

Thermo-hydrodynamic assessments of solar collectors equipped with superhydrophobic coating have been rarely reported in the literature, while such surfaces can offer low cost and improved hydrodynamic performances. Hence, the current numerical work aims at evaluating a solar collector with considering superhydrophobic coating. The assessed quantiti...

Solar energy exploitation is growing consistently, as it is the cheapest and most accessible amongst all forms of renewable energies. Increasing the performance of solar air heaters can aid in developing clean energy use and subsiding the greenhouse gas emissions in the world. This study, therefore, seeks to improve the thermo-hydraulic performance...

The main aim of this paper is to realize for the first time the effect of nanofluid preparation method on the performance of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system in a comparative experimental study. Silver nanofluid via one-step and two-step method at different concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% were prepared. The stability of nanofluid at all concentr...

Indirect combustion noise, as an important source of noise in gas turbines, was traditionally attributed solely to entropy waves. In recent years, compositional waves were introduced as another contributor to indirect combustion noise. Nonetheless, unlike that of entropy waves, the annihilation of compositional waves by the mean flow has remained l...

It is now well established that electrochemical systems can optimally perform only within a narrow range of temperature. Exposure to temperatures outside this range adversely affects the performance and lifetime of these systems. As a result, thermal management is an essential consideration during the design and operation of electrochemical equipme...

Heat transfer modeling plays an integral role in design and optimization of traditional, as well as modern emerging thermal-fluid systems. However, mostly available models, known as eddy diffusivity models, face challenges in prediction of second order statistics such as heat fluxes in homogeneous directions and temperature variance. Additionally,...

Transport phenomena in a hybrid or single-particle nanofluid over a conical body embedded inside a porous medium are investigated. The fluid contains homogeneously mixed nanoparticles and live cells that are able to migrate, collectively sculpturing a thermo-biosolutal system. Transport processes including mixed convection as well as species and ce...

Human-generated droplets constitute the main route for the transmission of coronavirus. However, the details of such transmission in enclosed environments are yet to be understood. This is because geometrical and environmental parameters can immensely complicate the problem and turn the conventional analyses inefficient. As a remedy, this work deve...

In this numerical study, the phase change dynamics of a 3D cylinder containing hybrid nanofluid and phase change material (PCM) is investigated with a finite element solver. The PCM consists of spherical encapsulated paraffin wax, and the flow is under the forced convection regime. The dynamic features of the phase change process are studied for di...

Background The exploration of natural convection which is one the substantial types of convective heat transmission in various applications for instance heat exchangers and geothermal systems along with nanofluids (Nanofluids have greater thermal conductivity in comparison to the conventional fluids) engrossed all researchers’ attention. Methods T...

A numerical analysis on the thermo-natural convection as well as entropy generation of Al2O3-H2O nanofluid enclosed by two circular cylinders in the presence of magnetic fields was performed. The internal hot cylinder is fitted with rectangular fins of different lengths. Irreversibilities related to the thermal effects, friction effects, magnetic e...

This paper presents a review of literature on the effects of using nanofluids (NFs) in energy systems. First, different types of NFs, including the combination of metal and non-metal particles of nanometer sizes with a base fluid, are introduced. Then, the important properties of different NFs, such as the thermal conductivity coefficient, viscosit...

Application of nanofluids as a working fluid can increase the thermal efficiency of heat pipes. The objective of this comprehensive review is to study the previous works to understand the dominant mechanisms of heat transfer when nanofluids are used in thermosyphon heat pipe (THP). The influence of heat input, type and concentration of nanoparticle...

This study numerically evaluates a three-dimensional, turbulent, non-premixed syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO) flame issued from a round nozzle. The flow Reynolds number on the basis of the inlet velocity and the nozzle diameter is 16,700 and the flame is shrouded by a coflow under atmospheric conditions. A computational tool with a modified k-omega...

Background: Free convection and second law scrutiny of nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) suspension along with entropy production inside a circular cold cylinder involving a wavy hot baffle is a significant thermal management aspect subject to various industrial applications. Phase change material (PCM) undergoes a solid-liquid phase...

Fluctuations in the fuel flow rate may occur in practical combustion systems and result in flame destabilization. This is particularly problematic in lean and ultralean modes of burner operation. In this study, the response of a ceramic porous burner to fluctuations in the flow rate of different blends of methane and hydrogen is investigated experi...

Oxidation of an ultra-lean mixture of methane and air over a platinum catalyst at the constant temperature of 1000 K is investigated numerically in several microreactor configurations featuring different hydrodynamics. These include a straight microchannel with the catalyst coated on the walls and a few wavy microchannels with continuous and discre...

Magnetic shape memory alloys, MSMAs, are modern alloys suitable for harvesting waste energy in low-power electrical equipment. This is due to their unique combination of large displacement, rapid mechanical responses, and great actuation capability. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to develop effective technologies for energy har...

It is becoming increasingly apparent that wide application of electric vehicles (EVs) are subject to significant improvements in battery technology. Temperature sensitivity is a major issue adversely affecting battery performance and requiring a robust thermal control. Yet, this is challenged by the large variety of temporal scenarios though which...

Recognizing the importance of a bluff-body on the flow separation and its role in enhancing the fuel mixing, effects of applying a bluff-body on the thermal performance and exergy efficiency in hydrogen-fueled meso-scale combustors are discussed using 3D numerical simulations involving a detailed kinetics mechanism. Key parameters including the blu...

Comprehensive analyses of transport phenomena and thermodynamics of complex multiphysics systems are laborious and computationally intensive. Yet, such analyses are often required during the design of thermal and process equipment. As a remedy, this paper puts forward a novel approach to the prediction of transport behaviours of multiphysics system...

Increasing electricity demand in the world’s energy profile and the focus on carbon footprint reduction motivates countries to utilize renewable sources of energy, such as solar. This has elicited in development of solar air heaters, as a simple solar energy extraction device, academically and practically. Many efforts have been made to upgrade the...

In this experimental study, a fixed three-dimensional solar collector with a hemispherical geometry has been evaluated in accordance with ASHRAE standards. The collector features spiral tubes that transport fluid from the inlet to the outlet with no riser. Pure water and Ag-water nanofluid at different nanoparticle concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%...