Nachatter Singh Garha

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• Doctor of Demography
• Research Associate at Universidade da Coruña

Since the 1990s, the Sikh community in India has entered a phase of considerable socioeconomic and demographic transformation that is caused by the large-scale practice of female feticide, the spread of higher education among women, and the mass emigration of unskilled men to the Western countries. These changes have a great impact on the tradition...

The energy transition is one of the most important processes of the last decade in Spain, affecting all aspects of life (social, political, economic and demographic). Its main objective is to eventually replace the fossil-fuel-based energy matrix with renewable energy sources to avoid climate change and meet sustainable development goals. This tran...

Since 1990, Spain has undergone a rapid decarbonization process focused on closing carbon-intensive facilities such as coal mines and coal-fired power plants and promoting renewable energy sources. These facilities have been the main source of income and employment in the regions where they were located, in addition to being a major source of carbo...

ENTRANCES (ENergy TRANsitions from Coal and carbon: Effects on Societies) replies to the call H2020: Secure Clean and Efficient Energy —2019, topic Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) aspects of energy transition. The overall aim of ENTRANCES has been to develop a theoretically-based and empirically-grounded understanding of cross-cutting issues r...

Over the last decade, Lisbon has witnessed a remarkable change in its demographics and housing structure. However, changes in the housing stock were not matched with the changes in the demographic structure, creating several housing problems in the city. This situation is largely attributed to the conversion of housing stock into short-term rentals...

Since the 1960s, persistent political instability, armed conflict and economic recession has compelled substantial numbers of Colombians to emigrate—initially to neighbouring countries such as Venezuela, subsequently to the United States and more recently to European destinations, notably Spain. This sustained emigration has given rise to a signifi...

Policy Highlights To achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following: Equip key actors with the transformative capacities to support the development and implementation of regional visions, plans, and narratives. Develop structures and participatory mechanisms that encourage a wide social dialogue and citizen involvement in...

Community engagement is must for the success of energy transition and climate protection.

Policy recommendations

Knowledge co-production activities in the ENTRANCES project.

Policy recommendations for thirteen coal and carbon-intensive regions in nine EU countries.

Flad Infographs

Una de las principales consecuencias de la Globalización económica, en su fase más reciente, ha sido la aceleración de los flujos migratorios, en su forma de movilización de la mano de obra a escala mundial. Esa aceleración, ha sido acompañada de la diversificación de los flujos creando nuevos "sistemas migratorios" entre países y nuevas regiones e...

L’objectiu principal de l’article és presentar una reflexió sobre els efectes més importants de la globalització econòmica en les migracions internacionals durant el segle xxi, amb la voluntat de fer una mirada sistèmica on es contempli el lligam amb altres fenòmens demogràfics —la fecunditat, la mortalitat, especialment la longevitat—, així com l’...

Since 2010, Airbnb has had a significant impact on the housing market in all tourist cities where it operates. With a very small investment, Airbnb enables the use of residential flats for short-term rentals, creating a rent increase that ultimately excludes long-term tenants. Using data drawn from the Inside Airbnb website, Idealista, and the 2011...

Over the last decade, Airbnb has emerged as the most important actor in the short-term rental business worldwide. The spatial distribution of Airbnb accommodations in a city is highly sensitive to the location of different spatial, socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural factors, and therefore has the potential to increase existing and create spat...

Uneven spatial distribution of rented accommodation offered on Airbnb has potential to create spatial inequalities in host cities. In this regard, the claim of the proponents of Airbnb that ‘it increases spatial equality in the cities by creating opportunities for the house-owners in peripheral areas’ requires scientific analysis and empirical evid...

Immigration policies have a considerable impact on the influx and settlement process of immigrants, including ways and routes of immigration, regularisation, access to public services (such as education, housing and medical services), entry into the labour market, family reunification and access to citizenship. Consequently, changes in immigration...

Over the past four decades, Lisbon’s population has witnessed some notable changes in its growth, age structure, conjugal patterns and ethnic diversity. These changes have affected the size, composition and structure of households, which in turn modified the demand for housing in Lisbon. At the same time, some changes were also made to the housing...

Since 2005, with religious processions in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (AMB), the Sikh community tries to preserve its normative identity, gain visibility and demand recognition in the host society. The embodied representation of differences during processions that help Sikh community to celebrate their identity also creates anxiety in some s...

Since 1998, with the establishment of temples and celebrations of annual processions, the Sikh community in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) tries to reproduce their religious places and rituals by appropriating urban spaces. This appropriation is generally ignored by the natives, but sometimes creates conflicts in the community regarding...

Since 1990, the number of Indian immigrants in Southern Europe has increased considerably with a steady influx of irregular immigrants. A large proportion of them are not eligible for formal jobs and work in shadow economy, where they do not have labour rights and access to formal social protection schemes. Their social security depends entirely on...

Since 1990, an irregular migration industry has flourished in different cities of Indian Punjab because of the eagerness among young men to emigrate at any cost and increased border controls imposed by the European Union. In Europe, the majority of irregular immigrants from Punjab end up in Spain or Italy due to continuous regularisation programmes...

Since 1990s, the Sikh community in India has witnessed three important changes in its socioeconomic and demographic structure, i.e. shortage of women in marital and reproductive age groups (15-49 years), the rapid increase in women’s higher education and the large-scale migration of low educated Sikh men. These changes are disrupting the traditiona...

In 2017, the Indian diaspora was one of the largest in the world. But until the last decade of the twentieth century, due to the limited interest of the successive governments of India, a regular register for the diaspora was not maintained. In the 1990s, accelerated migration under globalization and the growing interests of the Indian government t...

The spatial concentration of immigrants has become a concern for local administrations in most European countries, as it is perceived as an obstacle to their better integration in host societies. Indian immigration to Italy began in the 1960s, but large-scale immigration of unskilled labour from Punjab and Haryana (North-West Indian states) began d...

According to 2016 municipal register data, Italy has the highest number of Indians in continental Europe (151,000), followed by Spain (41,000). Mass immigration from India to Italy and Spain started in the 1990s, but economic and political environments more conducive to the entry and permanent settlement of immigrants have resulted in more rapid gr...

Since 1990s, under the effects of globalization the size and intensity of international migration flow have increased enormously. Owing to the increased flows, rapidly growing immigrant population, and their role in the global economy and politics, the concept of diaspora has revived its importance in international relations and academic research....

At the turn of the new millennium, when Spain was passing through immigration boom period, the size of its Indian community also increased rapidly and reached to 40,580 individuals listed in the municipal register in 2015. Contrary to most of the immigrant groups in Spain, the number of Indian immigrants remained increasing despite a severe economi...

The spatial concentration of immigrant population has become a huge concern for the local administration in most European countries, as it is perceived as a hurdle for their better integration to the host societies. Indian immigration to Italy started in the decade of 1960's with the movement of catholic nurses from Kerala (a southern state of Indi...

This poster explains different data sources to study Indian Diaspora: its size, spread and internal diversity.

Irregular Indian immigration to Spain and Italy.

unbalanced sex ration and Sikh Marriage squeeze in India.

Spain is a recent addition to the places of the Sikh diaspora, with 21,000 individuals recorded in 2016 (1% of the Sikh diaspora, but half of the total of Indian immigrants in Spain). This immigrant group shows clear generational components and is marked by expulsion from the political and economic spheres of their homeland, Punjab. Our main object...

Since 1980's, the widespread practice of selective abortions has disturbed the demographic structure (120 boys per 100 girls, age 0-4 years, in 2011) of Sikh community in India. Consequently, the acute shortage of females in marital and reproductive ages is affecting the traditional marriage market and hindering the socio-demographic reproduction o...

The recent emigration from Indian Punjab has included Spain into the global Sikh diaspora. This group is selected to study the production of ‘diaspora space’ and the transformation of the territory included in it. To achieve this objective, we have focused on the historical migratory waves, the itineraries followed by immigrants and their internal...

Los conceptos de enclave étnico (identificado con el negocio étnico), la segregación residencial (confundida con la concentración) y la diversidad del barrio donde se localizan dichos enclaves, aparecen indeleblemente asociados en nuestro imaginario. Poblaciones y territorios determinados ya lo habitaban, incluso antes del reciente boom migratorio...

The South Asian group, which includes people from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, is one of the oldest and least known immigrant groups in Spain. Because of its relatively small size (131,230 in 2014) very limited research work has been done about this community. Existing studies mainly focus on their economic participation while their socio-demogr...

In the first decade of the 21st century, the spatial concentration of immigrants has become a hotly debated issue in many European countries. Basically, it is related to the exponential increase of international immigration to various European countries during this time (Schönwälder, 2007). Spain has remained in the top list of immigrant receiving...