Nabil J. Sarhan

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Associate) at Wayne State University

Providing video streaming users with expected waiting times enhances their perceived quality-of-service (QoS) and encourages them to wait. In the absence of any waiting-time feedback, users are more likely to defect because of the uncertainty as to when their services will start. We analyze waiting-time predictability in scalable video streaming. W...

Providing video streaming users with expected waiting times enhances their perceived quality-of-service (QoS) and encourages them to wait. In the absence of any waiting-time feedback, users are more likely to defect because of the uncertainty as to when they will start to receive services. In this paper, we analyze waiting-time predictability in sc...

This article develops an aggregate power consumption model for live video streaming systems, including many-to-many systems. In many-to-one streaming systems, multiple video sources (i.e., cameras and/or sensors) stream videos to a monitoring station. We model the power consumed by the video sources in the capturing, encoding, and transmission phas...

—Time-domain (TD) accelerators leverage both digital and analog features, thereby enabling energy-efficient computing and scaling with CMOS technology. This paper reviews state-of-the-art TD accelerators and discusses system considerations and hardware implementations, including the spatially unrolled and recursive TD architectures. Additionally, t...

Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), teleoperation, and telepresence technologies heavily depend on video streaming and playback to enable immersive user experiences. However, the substantial bandwidth requirements and file sizes associated with VR/AR and 360-degree video content present significant challenges for efficient transmission and stora...

This paper develops a computationally efficient model for automatic patient-specific seizure prediction using a two-layer LSTM from multichannel intracranial electroencephalogram time-series data. We decrease the number of parameters by employing a smaller input size and fewer electrodes, thereby making the model a viable option for wearable and im...

Availability is one of the primary goals of smart networks, especially, if the network is under heavy video streaming traffic. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based methodology to enhance availability of video streaming systems by developing a prediction model for video streaming quality, required power consumption, and required bandwidth...

Availability is one of the primary goals of smart networks, especially, if the network is under heavy video streaming traffic. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based methodology to enhance availability of video streaming systems by developing a prediction model for video streaming quality, required power consumption, and required bandwidth...

The increasing demand for high performance and energy efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) accelerators has driven a wide range of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Besides, the rapid deployment of low-power IoT devices requires highly efficient computing, which as a result urges the need to explore low-power hardware imp...

Availability is one of the three main goals of information security. This paper contributes to systems’ availability by introducing an optimization model for the adaptation (controlling the capturing, coding, and sending features of the video communication system) of live broadcasting of video to limited and varied network bandwidth and/or limited...

A Two-Layer LSTM Deep Learning Model for Epileptic Seizure Prediction

This article addresses the research problem of how to autonomously control Pan/Tilt/Zoom (PTZ) cameras in a manner that seeks to optimize the face recognition accuracy or the overall threat detection and proposes an overall system. The article presents two alternative schemes for camera scheduling: Grid-Based Grouping (GBG) and Elevator-Based Plann...

In this paper, we propose an efficient seizure prediction model based on a two-layer LSTM with the Swish activation function. The proposed structure performs feature extraction based on the time and frequency domains and uses the minimum distance algorithm as a post-processing step. The proposed model is evaluated on the Melbourne dataset and achie...

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the available EEG datasets that are used for epilepsy prediction systems, including Melbourne, CHB-MIT, American Epilepsy Society, Bonn, and European Epilepsy datasets. These datasets are compared in terms of the sampling rate, number of patients, recording time, number of channels, artifacts, and typ...

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of hardware accelerators for neural networks in both the digital and time domains, where the latter includes spatially unrolled (SU) and recursive (REC) architectures. All accelerators are implemented and synthesized in a 65nm CMOS technology. An identical neural network model is implemented in the digit...

Advancement of the prediction models used in a variety of fields is a result of the contribution of machine learning approaches. Utilizing such modeling in feature engineering is exceptionally imperative and required. In this research, we show how to utilize machine learning to save time in research experiments, where we save more than five thousan...

This paper considers computer vision (CV) systems in which a central monitoring station receives and analyzes the video streams captured and delivered wirelessly by multiple cameras. It addresses how the bandwidth can be allocated to various cameras by presenting a cross-layer solution that optimizes the overall detection or recognition accuracy. I...

The interest in large scale automated video surveillance systems and the interest in using cloud in supporting such systems has increased dramatically. Unfortunately, building such a large system requires huge resources (for processing and storage) and very high network bandwidth. This paper, proposes a framework for resources efficient intelligent...

This paper presents a digitally-controlled, CMOS analog memory circuit that provides several analog stable operating points based on the laddered inverter quantizer (LIQAF) circuit. Two input digital pulses set the stored analog level by moving the stable operating point up or down through charging or discharging the output node, respectively. The...

In modern information and communication era, the technology of the smartphone application is one of the most advanced and rapidly developing areas. These applications and its technology in the field of medicine are advancing every day. This demonstrates how it can be used for medical treatment in the field of Ophthalmology. The first aim of this pa...

A major challenge facing Computer Vision systems is providing the ability to accurately detect threats and recognize subjects and/or objects under dynamically changing network conditions. We propose two novel models that characterize the face recognition accuracy in terms of video encoding parameters. Specifically, we model the accuracy in terms of...

This paper develops a cross-layer optimization solution for video streaming from multiple sources to a central proxy station over a wireless network. The proposed solution manages the application rates and transmission opportunities of various video sources based on the dynamic network conditions in such a way that minimizes the overall video disto...

We consider the bandwidth allocation problem in automated video surveillance systems, in which a monitoring station analyzes the video streams captured and delivered wirelessly by multiple cameras. In contrast with prior studies, we provide a detailed experimental analysis of cross-layer optimization by developing a real system and conducting exten...

This paper develops an accuracy-based cross-layer optimization solution for wireless automated video surveillance systems, in which multiple sources stream videos to a central proxy station. The proposed solution manages the application rates and transmission opportunities of various video sources based on the dynamic network conditions in such a w...

The required real-time and high-rate transfer of multimedia data limits the numbers of requests that can be concurrently serviced by video-on-demand (VOD) systems. Resource-sharing techniques can be used to address this scalability challenge, but they greatly complicate the efficient support for interactive operations. We develop an overall solutio...

This paper presents a scalable delivery solution for commercial near on-demand video streaming systems with an associated pricing model. The proposed delivery solution combines the benefits of periodic broadcasting and stream merging, thereby enabling scalable video delivery. Video advertisements are delivered to the clients prior to viewing the re...

The special issue of Multimedia tools Applications provides an opportunity for academic and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and progress in the area of real-time multimedia computing (RTMC). It also publishes high quality papers which are closely related to the various theories and practical applications in RTMC. This RTMC repre...

The design of interactive Video-on-Demand (VOD) systems is highly complicated when scalable stream merging is used. Support of requests under the Near Video-on-Demand (NVOD), where not all requests are serviced immediately, introduces additional complications. We develop an overall solution for designing interactive NVOD systems when stream merging...

Power consumption of video streaming systems has become a major concern, especially in battery-powered devices, such as video sensors. Power is usually dissipated in each one of the major phases of the streaming process: capturing, encoding, and transmission. This paper develops models for power consumption in each of these phases and validates the...

VP8 has recently been offered by Google as an open video compression format in attempt to compete with the widely used H.264 video compression standard. This paper describes the major differences between VP8 and H.264 and provides detailed comparative evaluations through extensive experiments. We use 29 raw video sequences, offering a wide spectrum...

This paper deals with the camera control problem in automated video surveillance. We develop a solution that seeks to optimize the overall subject recognition probability by controlling the pan, tilt, and zoom of various deployed Pan/Tilt/Zoom (PTZ) cameras. Since the number of subjects is usually much larger than the number of video cameras, the p...

This paper develops a cross-layer optimization framework for video streaming from multiple sources to a central proxy station over a wireless network. The proposed framework manages the application rates and transmission opportunities of various video sources based on the dynamic network conditions in such a way that minimizes the overall distortio...

This paper analyzes and compares the rate-accuracy and rate energy characteristics of various video rate adaptation techniques in computer vision applications. The analyzed rate adaptation techniques include spatial, spatial with up scaling, temporal, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). We experiment with standard video sequences as well as 300 securi...

This paper considers the scalable delivery framework of streaming video content with advertisements. In this framework, the revenues generated from the ads are used to subsidize the cost and thus attract more clients. We analyze a predictive scheme that provides clients with multiple price options, each with a certain number of expected viewed ads....

IntroductionHow Streaming Works: An OverviewStreaming ProtocolsStreaming Over the Internet: Challenges and ApproachesStreaming Server DesignConclusion AcknowledgmentGlossaryCross ReferencesReferences

This paper considers scalable delivery of streaming video content with advertisements. It proposes a highly accurate waiting-time prediction algorithm that estimates the expected number of viewed ads by utilizing detailed information about the system state and the applied scheduling policy. It also proposes a pricing scheme based on the expected wa...

The number of video streams that can be serviced concurrently is highly constrained by the required real-time and high-rate transfers of multimedia data. Resource sharing techniques, such as Batching, Patching, and Earliest Reachable Merge Target (ERMT), can be used to address this problem by utilizing the multicast facility, which allows multiple...

The number of on-demand video streams that can be supported concurrently is highly constrained by the stringent requirements of real-time playback and high transfer rates. To address this problem, stream merging techniques utilize the multicast facility to increase resource sharing. The achieved resource sharing depends greatly on how the waiting r...

The required real-time and high-rate transfers for multimedia data severely limit the number of video streams that can be delivered concurrently. Resource-sharing techniques address this problem and can be classified into two main classes: stream merging and periodic broadcasting. We evaluate through extensive simulation major resource-sharing tech...

Motivated by the impressive performance of cost-based scheduling for media streaming, we investigate its effectiveness in detail and analyze opportunities for further tunings and enhancements. Guided by this analysis, we propose a highly efficient enhancement technique that optimizes the scheduling decisions to increase the number of requests servi...

We propose a scheduling policy, called Predictive Cost-Based Scheduling (PCS) for scalable video streaming. PCS schedules the waiting requests based on their required delivery costs, predicts future system state, and uses the prediction results to possibly alter the scheduling decisions. We also present two alternative implementations of PCS and an...

This paper presents a delivery framework for streaming media with advertisements and an associated pricing model. The delivery model combines the benefits of periodic broadcasting and stream merging. The advertisements' revenues are used to subsidize the price of the media content. The pricing is determined based on the total ads' viewing time. Mor...

This paper presents a delivery framework for streaming media with advertisements and an associated pricing model. The delivery model combines the benefits of periodic broadcasting and stream merging. The advertisements' revenues are used to subsidize the price of the media content. The pricing is determined based on the total ads' viewing time. Mor...

Recent workload characterization studies show that a large number of video streaming sessions do not access videos in a sequential manner from the beginning to the end, as assumed in most prior work. In this paper, we study the impact of realistic access patterns on resource sharing and propose and evaluate five enhancements to reduce server load a...

The number of media streams that can be supported concurrently is highly constrained by the stringent require-ments of real-time playback and high transfer rates. To address this problem, media delivery techniques, such as Batching and Stream Merging, utilize the multicast facility to increase resource sharing. The achieved resource sharing depends...

The required real-time and high-rate transfers for multime- dia data severely limit the number of requests that can be serviced concurrently by Video-on-Demand (VOD) servers. Resource sharing techniques can be used to address this problem. We study how VOD servers can support het- erogeneous receivers while delivering data in a client-pull fashion...

The required real-time and high-rate transfers for mul- timedia data severely limit the number of requests that can be serviced by Video-on-Demand (VOD) servers. Resource sharing techniques can be used to address this problem. We evaluate through extensive simulation major resource sharing techniques, considering both the True Video-on- Demand (TVO...

Multimedia-on-demand (MOD) applications have grown dramatically in popularity, especially in the domains of education, business, and entertainment. Current MOD servers waste precious resources in performing store-and-forward copying. This excessive overhead increases cost and severely limits the scalability of these servers. In this paper, we propo...

Recent advances in storage and communication technologies have spurred a strong interest in Video-on-Demand (VOD) services. Providing the customers of VOD servers with time of service guarantees offers two major ad- vantages. First, it makes VOD services more attractive by improving customer- perceived quality of service (QoS). Second, it improves...

The design of multimedia servers faces significant chal-lenges to support large numbers of concurrent customers because multimedia data require real-time playback and high transfer rates. These requirements impose heavy bur-dens on the underlying storage subsystems and lead to rapid consumptions of network bandwidth. Interval caching is an efficien...

Recent advances in communication and storage technologies have spurred a strong interest in Multimedia-on-Demand (MOD) services. These services eliminate the short- comings of their broadcast-based counterparts by providing customers with convenience, choice, and control. The purpose of this thesis is to address the two principal challenges facing...

In this paper we propose using the network-attached disk (NAD) architecture to design highly scalable and cost-effective multimedia-on-demand (MOD) servers. In order to ensure enhanced performance, we propose two schemes, called distributed interval caching (DIC) and multi-objective scheduling (MOS). The DIC scheme utilizes the on-disk buffers for...

The interest in Multimedia-on-Demand (MOD) applications on the World Wide Web (WWW) has grown dramatically because of the exponential expansion of the Internet and the availability of fast Internet access at home and office. In contrast with broadcast-based systems (such as cable TV), MOD servers enable customers to select the multimedia contents t...

Multimedia-on-demand (MOD) has grown dramatically in popularity, especially in the domains of education, business, and entertainment. Therefore, the investigation of various alternatives to improve the performance of MOD servers has become a major research focus. The performance of these servers can be enhanced significantly by servicing multiple r...

Video-on-demand (VOD) is increasingly becoming one of the most important and successful services due to the recent advances in storage subsystems, compression technology and, networking. Therefore, the investigation of various alternatives to improve the performance of VOD servers has become a major research focus. The reduction of disk access time...