N. Beloff

University of Sussex · Department of Informatics

Online transactions have grown to gain significant attention from various stakeholders in governments, business, and research practitioners all over the world. A decade ago, the first cryptocurrency transaction was executed to pave the way for a new era of online transactions. However, there is a relatively low adoption of blockchain-based cryptocu...

Abstract—The healthcare sector is of paramount importance as it provides necessary medical services to sustain human lives. In the private healthcare sector, organisations place equal emphasis on profits as on providing essential medical services. Thus, to offer optimal health aids at low cost, private healthcare organisations try to acquire the be...

Despite the popularity of mobile commerce (m-commerce) services in developing countries, their adoption inSaudi Arabia has been limited. Vision 2030, launched in 2016, has triggered substantial transformations in the country, prompting the need to examine its impact on the adoption of m-commerce.This paper investigates the vendors’ perspective in r...

Knowledge is considered the most valuable asset inthe modern digital economy, and its dissemination is recognisedas the backbone of successful enonomies. The dissemination ofknowledge is widely recognised as a fundamental practise in anysuccessful organization, including higher education institutes.This practise enables institutions to generate and...

The increasing prevalence of diabetes, particularly in Saudi Arabia, calls for effective self-management tools to monitor blood sugar levels, such as Continuous Glucose Monitors. These are medical devices that can be used to track the glucose levels of people without a fingerstick blood sample. However, the adoption of IoT-enabled Continuous Glucos...

Global financial scandals have demonstrated the harmful impact of creative accounting, a practice where managers creatively manipulate financial reports to conceal a company's actual performance and influence stakeholders' decision-making. Studies showed that Saudi-listed companies use it in preparing financial statements. Despite posing a signific...

One of the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 is to keep the unemployment rate at the lowest level to empower the economy. Prior research has shown that an increase in unemployment has a negative effect on a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This paper aims to utilise cutting-edge technology such as Data Lake (DL), Machine Learning (ML) and Artificia...

Fog Computing, for example, has emerged as an increasingly relevant paradigm in developing countries because of its comprehensive features. In spite of this, it might be argued that very little research has been conducted on the reasons, potential benefits, and challenges associated with adopting Fog Computing in Saudi Arabia. Consequently, this st...

This preprint outlines an upcoming critical narrative evaluation of a new source of evidence about changes in behaviour that improve personal wellbeing. Existing research and practice are compared to an innovative use of information and communication technology that has the potential to provide global access to education in locally specified change...

This preprint outlines an upcoming critical narrative evaluation of a new source of evidence about changes in behaviour that improve personal wellbeing. Existing research and practice are compared to an innovative use of information and communication technology that has the potential to provide global access to education in locally specified change...

Recently, blockchain technology has been used in diverse systems and applications beyond cryptocurrencies. With features such as data immutability and a decentralized structure, blockchain technology is increasingly being adopted in various governance use cases where trust and security are essential concerns, particularly in smart campus areas. Edu...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental disorder that causes difficulties in social interaction and communication for individuals with ASD. Although many studies about autism have been conducted across the world especially in Western countries, the topic is still in its infancy stage in developing countries. In particular, little...

The significant developments and great contributions that Cloud computing technology has achieved recently has made them widespread and the focus of attention by many of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) around the world. This has helped them to take advantage of this technology to facilitate and improve business. In the last decade, many SME...

Diabetes has been on the rise around the world, especially in Saudi Arabia, where the changing lifestyle is pushing the nation towards being more sedentary without cutting back on calorie consumption. It has become imperative for Saudi Arabia to provide self-empowerment opportunities for its citizens in order to monitor their blood glucose levels....

Currently, customers are inclined to use online reviews to make good purchasing decisions. Such reviews are believed to have a significant impact on customer buying intentions, and, thereby, sales. Almost no previous studies have been conducted to build a comprehensive model of online consumer review (OCR) factors that influence consumer purchase i...

Artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology (BCT) are considered two of the most trending and disruptive technologies. BCT, although commonly associated with cryptocurrencies, has shown a tremendous impact among many other distributed applications domains. BCT characteristics, such as the distribution of data storage among independent no...

The global travel industry leaves almost every traveller with some amount of leftover foreign currency at the end of the trip. Most travellers are unable to use these leftover foreign currencies efficiently and profitably because exchange bureau rates do not favour the traveller nor accept low denomination coins. In this paper, we explore existing...

In 2009, blockchain led the foundation of an era of cryptocurrencies with Bitcoin playing the role of avant-garde in the series. This phenomenal technology behind Bitcoin has been visualized by many as having far reaching impacts not only in finance and economy, but also in other sectors. This decade has witnessed the emergence of different types o...

This preprint outlines an upcoming critical narrative evaluation of a new source of evidence about changes in behaviour that improve personal wellbeing. Existing research and practice are compared to an innovative use of information and communication technology that has the potential to provide global access to education in locally specified change...

Many governments are investigating strategies for the adoption of cloud computing to improve service quality in e-government systems. The decision to adopt cloud computing for government systems without identifying and examining critical factors is a problem facing most e-government organizations in developing countries. This study has developed an...

One of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 goals is to keep the unemployment rate at the lowest level to empower the economy. Research has shown that a rise in unemployment has a negative effect on any countries gross domestic product. Artificial Intelligence is the fastest developing technology these days. It has served in many specialties. Recently, Artif...

Rapid development in advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain has led to a growth of interest in a number of application areas, including smart environments such as a smart campus, which can be considered as an example of a smart city. Despite such growth, no comprehensive guiding framework has been developed for em...

Organisations that collect and maintain individual data face the challenge of preserving privacy and security when using, archiving, or sharing these data. De-identification tools are essential for minimising the privacy risk. However, current data de-identification and anonymisation methods are widely used to alter the original data in a way that...

Artificial intelligence is one of the most rapidly evolving technologies today, and it has been used in a variety of application domains. Recently, AI technology has shone in the field of recruiting. Many researchers are working on expanding its capabilities with various applications that will aid in the recruitment process. However, importantly, h...

Human beings have an innate tendency to socialize and the Internet gives us the opportunity to overcome geographical barriers and communicate with people located even at the opposite side of the world. Computers that started the journey of digital communication with simple emails and bulletin board systems in the eighties of the previous century ha...

The mobile industry is one of the rapidly growing markets in the world. This has created a unique platform for delivering mobile network-based social and financial services. Mobile banking is the best and last banking platform that provides value-added services anytime and anywhere with a reduction in effort, time, and money. However, there is a de...

Data security has become crucial to most enterprise and government applications due to the increasing amount of data generated, collected, and analyzed. Many algorithms have been developed to secure data storage and transmission. However, most existing solutions require multi-round functions to prevent differential and linear attacks. This results...

Distributed ledger technologies such as blockchain have recently gained prominence as one of the latest technological revolutions. Therefore, many studies are currently exploring blockchain adoption in various fields, including the higher education sector. Recently, the education sector has emerged as one of the fields in which investments for bloc...

e-Commerce has contributed immensely to the economies of developed countries and a factor in its success can be attributed to the adoption of e-commerce by their citizens. As such, it is perceived that e-commerce can also be an economic driver for developing countries. However, security has been identified as a major barrier that prevents citizens...

Rapid development in science and information technologies, such as the Internet of things, has led to a growth in the number of studies and research papers on smart cities in recent years and more specifically on the construction of smart campus technologies. This paper will review the concept of a smart campus, discuss the main technologies deploy...

Cloud computing has become essential for IT resources that can be delivered as a service over the Internet. Many e-government services that are used worldwide provide communities with relatively complex applications and services. Governments are still facing many challenges in their implementation of e-government services in general, including Saud...

The government of Saudi Arabia has adopted M-Government for the effective delivery of services. One advantage of adding the M-Government channel to government services is that it offers unique opportunities for real-time and personalized access to government information and services through the advantage of wireless technology. However, a low adopt...

For the fast-growing e-Commerce industry, the AI is the game-changer but is it really utilised in a most effective way or is it just a risky 'artificial balloon'? Is it gambling to rely on AI technologies without forming a dedicated policy? To answer these questions and propose a cautious approach towards the emerging technologies, in this explanat...

Cloud computing is a new information technology paradigm, one which has been adopted in many different sectors. Many developing countries are working on improving e-government to provide services to their citizens that are integrated and effective. Therefore, the Saudi government has made improving e-government a high priority. The aim of this stud...

Abstract— as of the smart city concept has been receiving much attention, the development of the smart city applications also flourish as a topic of researchers’ discussion. The absence of such an approach to deciding whether an application support the smart city goal or not would potentially lead to a misunderstanding. The paper, therefore, propos...

Almost every traveller possesses some amount of leftover foreign currency, either as actual cash or on a travel currency card, at the end of any international trip. However, the means to exchange this leftover currency, coins in particular, is largely inconvenient often leading to considerable amounts discarded or left unused. In this paper, we exp...

Objective: To assess the effect of coding quality on estimates of the incidence of diabetes in the UK between 1995 and 2014. Design: A cross-sectional analysis examining diabetes coding from 1995 to 2014 and how the choice of codes (diagnosis codes vs codes which suggest diagnosis) and quality of coding affect estimated incidence. Setting: Rou...

This paper explores how the Internet of Things and blockchain technology can benefit shared economy applications. The focus of this research is understanding how blockchain can be exploited to create decentralised, shared economy applications that allow people to monetise, securely, their things to create more wealth. Shared economy applications su...

E-Government increases transparency and im-proves communication between the government and the users. Providing e-Government services to business sector is a fun-damental mission of governmental agencies in Saudi Arabia. However, the adoption of e-Government systems is less than satisfactory in many countries, particularly in developing coun-tries....

Due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies, many activities in our daily life have been merged online and they become more flexible and more effective. A huge growth of online users number has activated virtual word concepts and created a new business phenomenon which is virtual currency to facilitate the financial a...

The quality of information depends on the quality of data from which it is derived, but data are of high quality only if they are fit for their intended use. Although electronic healthcare records are collected primarily for patient care and audits, their use in research can also greatly benefit the quality of life of patients. We aim to discuss th...

E-Government increases transparency and improves communication between the government and the users. However, users' adoption and usage is less than satisfactory in many countries, particularly in developing countries. This is a significant factor that can lead to e-Government failure and, therefore, to the waste of budget and effort. Unlike much r...

Primary care research databases provide a significant resource for health services and epidemiological research. However since data are recorded primarily for clinical care their suitability for research may vary widely according to the research application or recording practices of individual general practitioners. A methodological approach for ch...

There is currently no widely recognised methodology for undertaking data quality assessment in electronic health records used for research. In an attempt to address this, we have developed a protocol for measuring and monitoring data quality in primary care research databases, whereby practice-based data quality measures are tailored to the intende...

Human capacities to track and identify peers, products and activities have benefited from the wide proliferation of networked electronic devices; developments in smart-materials, near-field communication and computervision technology further advance these capabilities. During this investigation into The Internet of Things (IoT) a new taxonomy was c...

UK primary care databases, which contain diagnostic, demographic and prescribing information for millions of patients geographically representative of the UK, represent a significant resource for health services and clinical research. They can be used to identify patients with a specified disease or condition (phenotyping) and to investigate patter...

Observational data such as those obtained from the magnetosheath in the downstream of Earth's bow shock have waveforms that differ from those of sinusoidal signals. In practice, they are not even aggregates of sinusoidal signals. Therefore, the frequency decomposition for the data requires technique that will account for the time-varying features o...

Inertial measurement units used in commercial body sensor networks (e.g. animation suits) are inefficient, difficult to use and expensive when adapted for movement science applications concerning medical and sports science. However, due to advances in micro-electro mechanical sensors, these inertial sensors have become ubiquitous in mobile computin...

Inertial measurement units used in commercial body sensor networks (e.g. animation suits) are inefficient, difficult to use and expensive when adapted for movement science applications concerning medical and sports science. However, due to advances in micro-electro mechanical sensors, these inertial sensors have become ubiquitous in mobile computin...

The effects of space weather on ground based technology mostly occur due to the varying geomagnetic field during geomagnetic storms, producing geomagnetically induced current (GIC). Space weather storms involve intense and rapidly varying electric currents in the ionosphere, which create geoelectric and geomagnetic fields at the Earth’s surface. In...

The General Practice Research Database (GPRD) is a collection of anonymised patient records obtained from UK general practices. Data are representative of approximately 8% of the UK population and are collected mainly for research purposes, which include assessing risk factors for disease, evaluating the side effects of drugs and comparing the effe...

We used bottomside ground observations and topside sounding data from the Intercosmos-19 satellite to study a Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) that occurred in response to Large-Scale Internal Gravity Wave (LSIGW) propagation during a substorm on November 30, 1979. We built a global scheme for the wavelike ionospheric variations during this...

The proposed paper highlights the present scenario of advertising on social networks for SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). It discusses the significance of the growth of social networks and its utilization as a platform for advertising by SMEs to reach millions of internet users. The paper consists of two segments mainly the general discus...

Variations in the dayside ionosphere parameters as a result of a large-scale acoustic gravity wave (LS AGW) were studied for the 17 February 1998 substorm using the super dual auroral radar network (SuperDARN) measurements. This event was characterised by a sharp rise in the AE index with a maximum of ∼900 nT. The source of the disturbance responsi...

We extracted different oscillatory modes reflecting a non-linear behaviour from magnetosheath magnetic field data observed by FGM instrument of Cluster 11 mission which offers four point measurements. We used empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique to extract the intrinsic modes functions (imf) of the data representing the different wave modes...

Mirror waves have been observed in many different plasma regions within solar system. In contrast to many other plasma waves, mirror mode waves are rarely observed as a quasi-periodic sinusoidal signature. Mirror structures in the form of magnetic dips are usually observed when the criterion for mirror instability is not satisfied in the plasma sur...

Mirror modes have been studied since the late 50's when they were shown to be a resonance instability resulting from the interplay between the magnetic pressure, the bulk plasma pressure and the pressure of resonant ions with almost zero parallel velocity. Subsequent observations have shown them to be ubiquitous in nature, often as solitary holes o...

The application of Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is considered for the determination of the instantaneous wave vector of the low frequency plasma waves in the turbulent magnetosheath. Downstream of a quasi-perpendicular bow shock of the Earth, various wave modes associated with the different boundaries have been confirmed and different methods have...

This paper outlines the process of developing and deploying an integrated workflow management solution for our system that uniquely integrates heritage data mashups whose digital content is derived from social network repositories and a specific museum digital collections repository and presentation system called ARCO. This workflow solution accomm...

Nonpropagating mirror-mode structures are commonly observed in many regions of natural plasma such as solar wind, planetary magnetosheaths, in cometary plasma, Io wake, terrestrial ring current and even on the outskirts of solar system. Mirror structures are typically observed in the shape of magnetic holes or peaks. Fast survey mode plasma data fr...

During large magnetic storm the geomagnetically induced current has a negative impact on ground conducting technology system. The time derivative of horizontal and northern component of geomagnetic field (dH/dt, dX/dt) is greater than 30nT/min for induced current causing undesirable consequence in power grids. Multiple regression analyses were deve...

In a majority of cases the process of identification of the composition of plasma turbulence, non-linear processes and interpretation of ground-based observations involves dealing with ill-posed problems. Advanced regularization techniques to solve such problems are presented. It is demonstrated how the proposed methods give a greater insight into...

Identification of the composition of plasma turbulence, nonlinear processes and interpretation of ground based data often involves dealing with ill-possed problems. Advance regularisation techniques to solve such problems are presented. It is shown how the methods developed give a greater insight into the ionspheric and magnetospheric dynamical pro...

Seasonal variations in geomagnetic activity were studied for the period of 1990-2007 using Dst and AE indices. Over 150 events characterised by the increase in geomagnetic activity of varying strength (from -90nT up to -1800 nT) were statistically analysed. Although Russell -McPherron effect plays major role in the equinoctial asymmetry in the geom...

The global pattern of the ionospheric response to large-scale acoustic gravity waves (LS AGW) has been constructed on the basis of an analysis of the large data set available during the 22 March 1979, magnetic storm. Ground-based ionospheric measurements and in-situ satellite measurements from Cosmos-900 were used in this study together with the Jo...

In this paper we propose a service-oriented approach for implementation of a digital library system focused primarily on allowing heritage amateurs (e.g. rambler associations, metal detector societies, etc.) and professionals (e.g. archaeologists, finds liaison officers, etc.) to create, interpret and share their digital portable antiquities in int...

This paper is aimed to summarize the main philosophy of the Regularisation technique for inverse problems in space plasma observations. This unified approach is based around a general criterion for the Regularisation parameter selection. This approach was tested on various space plasma observation problems. It is demonstrated that for these problem...

Parameter variations for the dayside ionosphere as a result of a Large-Scale Acoustic Gravity Wave were studied for the 17 February 1998 substorm using the SuperDARN radar network measurements. This substorm was characterised by a sharp rise in the AE index with the maximum of ~900 nT. The source of this disturbance was located at the plasma convec...

The parametric excitation of large-scale convective cells in non-uniform dusty plasmas with non-zero ion temperature is considered. A set of two coupled nonlinear equations (for the variation of the electrostatic potential and the ion pressure) governing the nonlinear dynamics of ion-drift waves in dusty plasmas (IDWDPs) is obtained. The equations...

Global pattern of the ionospheric effects of the large-scale internal gravity waves IGWs has been constructed A large data set from satellites and a global network of ground ionosondes for several strong substorms has been used The response of the upper ionosphere in hmF2 NmF2 and Ne to IGW propagation was investigated in detail It is shown that th...

The only natural masers that can be studied experimentally in-situ are magnetospheric masers. Concept of the magnetospheric cyclotron maser has been derived from the self-consistent theory of the radiation belts. In this natural maser energetic charged particles serve as an active substance, and an electro-dynamic system is formed by the magnetic f...

A new experimental technique is presented for the determination of the total electron content (TEC) below a low-orbiting satellite. According to this technique TEC can be obtained using the segment of a topside ionogram that only contains the traces of signals reflected from the Earth's surface. Possibilities of this technique were demonstrated usi...

Ionosphere can be treated as a sensitive "instrument" that reflects many magnetospheric processes. Regular global monitoring of the ionosphere delivers rich data sets for magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling studies. Traditional method for the ionospheric radio sounding data interpretation is the Least Squares Method. However, it has many limitations...

Coherent structures in space are typically investigated via the measurement of electric and magnetic fields, which naturally exhibit wave properties. However, it is also well known that kinetic plasma processes proceed via particle interactions with waves and stochastic field fluctuations. Conventional particle measurements usually detect the resul...

The technique of particle correlation measures directly electron modulations that result from naturally occurring and actively stimulated wave-particle interactions in space plasmas. In the past this technique has been used for studies of beam-plasma interactions, caused by both natural auroral electron beams via sounding rockets and by artificiall...

Structure functions account for the microscale interparticle distributions of second order, that is, correlation between pairs of electrons or ions. Ordinarily in space plasmas physics one considers only the first order particle distributions when discussing pitch angle distributions, velocity distributions, and similar constructs. However numerous...

The problem of reconstruction of daytime nonmonotonic height profiles of electron density N(h) from ionograms of ground-based vertical sounding is considered. The regularization (REG) scheme has been proposed for determination of valley parameters. A comparison of the least squares method (LSM) with the regularization (REG) scheme was carried out u...

One of the major goals of near Earth space studies is a theoretical and experimen- tal investigation of the plasmaspheric and ionospheric responses to variations of solar wind and IMF parameters. The experiments carried out in the scope of INTERBALL project allow one to trace the propagation of the CME up to its effects on Earth's mag- netosphere....

Data is used from the Particle Correlator experiments running on each of the four Cluster spacecraft so as to determine common microscopic behaviour in the elec- tron population observed over the macroscopic Cluster separations. The Cluster par- ticle correlator experiments operate by forming on board Auto Correlation Functions (ACFs) generated fro...

Historically particle correlator instruments have provided insight into the missing link of experimental space plasma physics. Space plasma instrumentation is otherwise split into the dichotomy imposed by particle-wave duality, but the correlator bridges this di- vision by detecting and measuring the interaction between wave and particle. In the pa...

Experimental space research is highly distributed activity, based upon the sharing of intellectual resources including data sets, models and visualization techniques. Recently, broad standards have been developed in support of distributed computing that are suited to many activities within distributed research. Among these are the GRID standards. U...