Myriam Paquette

• M. Sc.
• Exercise physiologist at L'Institut national du sport du Québec (INS Québec)

Purpose Peripheral responses might be important in handcycling, given the involvement of small muscles compared to other exercise modalities. Therefore, the goal of this study was to compare changes in muscle oxygen saturation (∆SmO2) and deoxyhemoglobin level (∆[HHb]) between different efforts and muscles. Methods Handcyclists participated in a W...

PurposeTo assess the performance change and physiological adaptations following nine sessions of short high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or sprint-interval training (SIT) in sprint kayakers.Methods Twelve trained kayakers performed an incremental test and 3 time trials (200 m, 500 m and 1000 m) on a kayak ergometer. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2)...

Purpose: Peripheral adaptations, as assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) derived changes in muscle oxygenation (SmO2), are good predictors of sprint kayak performance. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess changes in SmO2 and V˙O2 following a training camp in elite sprint kayakers to evaluate if the training prescribed el...

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is generally higher in women compared to men at rest. Although accumulating evidence supports sex differences in CBF regulation, findings remain contradictory for dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVR CO2 ). Cardiorespiratory fitness represents an indicator of cardiovas...

Background Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation compared to healthy sedentary subjects, the latter negatively correlating with exercise capacity during incremental cycling exercise. We hypothesized that patients would also exhibit altered CBF and oxygenation during endurance exerci...

New findings: • What is the central question of this study? Does habitual resistance and endurance exercise modify dynamic cerebral autoregulation? • What is the main finding and its importance? To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to directly assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation in resistance-trained individuals, and potential dif...

Elevated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with reduced dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), but the impact of exercise training per se on dCA remains equivocal. In addition, resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and dCA after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with already high CRF remains unknown. We examined to what...

Recent data suggests that peripheral adaptations, i.e., the muscle ability to extract and use oxygen, may be a stronger predictor of canoe-kayak sprint performance compared to VO2max or central adaptations. If maximizing the time near VO2max during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions is believed to optimize central adaptations, maximiz...

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse. We evaluated the impact of HIIT on blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac cavities size and function in endurance-trained adults. Seventeen endurance-trained males underwent 24-hour ambulator...

Elevated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with reduced dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), but the impact of exercise training per se on dCA remains equivocal. In addition, resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and dCA after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with already high CRF is unknown. We examined to what exte...

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse. We evaluated the impact of HIIT on blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac cavities size and function in endurance-trained adults. Seventeen endurance-trained males underwent 24-hour ambulator...

Young women exhibit higher prevalence of orthostatic hypotension with presyncopal symptoms compared to men. These symptoms could be influenced by an attenuated ability of the cerebrovasculature to respond to rapid blood pressure (BP) changes [dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA)]. The influence of sex on dCA remains unclear. dCA in 11 fit women (2...

There appears to be a “hemodynamic paradox” associated with elevated cardiorespiratory fitness; in that it has a differential impact on cerebral blood flow and orthostatic tolerance. A reduction in orthostatic tolerance with high cardiorespiratory fitness may be related to a blunted cerebral pressure‐flow relationship during rapid changes in blood...

In humans, the cerebrovasculature is more efficient at compensating for transient hypertension compared with transient hypotension – a phenomenon called hysteresis. To date, however, these asymmetrical responses of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to changes in blood pressure have been reported using cyclic inflation and deflation of thigh cuf...

Women exhibit higher prevalence of orthostatic hypotension with presyncopal symptoms compared to men. These symptoms could be influenced by an attenuated ability of the cerebrovasculature to respond to rapid changes in blood pressure (BP) [dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA)]. However, the influence of sex on dCA remains equivocal. We compared dC...

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the relationships between muscle oxygenation and performance during on- and off-water tests in highly trained sprint canoe-kayak athletes. Methods: Thirty athletes (19 kayakers and 11 canoeists) performed a maximal incremental test on a canoe or kayak ergometer for determination of VO2max and examination...

Data S1. Supplemental Methods. Table S1. Ventilatory Responses During Rest and the Squat‐Stand Manoeuvres Figure S1. Experimental protocol. Figure S2. Representative resting trace. Figure S3. Representative squat‐stand trace. Figure S4. Absolute cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2.

The effect that cardiorespiratory fitness has on the dynamic cerebral autoregulatory capacity during changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) remains equivocal. Using a multiple-metrics approach, challenging MAP across the spectrum of physiological extremes (i.e., spontaneous through forced MAP oscillations), we characterized dynamic cerebral autore...

The effect that cardiorespiratory fitness has on the dynamic cerebral autoregulatory capacity during changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) remains equivocal. Using a multiple-metrics approach, challenging MAP across the spectrum of physiological extremes (i.e. spontaneous through forced MAP oscillations), we characterized dynamic cerebral autoreg...

Background Functional cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms are important for maintaining constant cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply in heathy individuals and are altered in heart failure. We aim to examine whether pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with abnormal cerebrovascular regulation and lower cerebral oxygenation and the...

The cerebrovasculature is more efficient at compensating for pharmacologically induced transient hypertension versus transient hypotension. Whether this phenomenon exists during nonpharmacologically induced hypertension and hypotension is currently unknown. We compared the percent change in mean velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAvmean) per...

Background The aerobic contribution to sprint canoe-­‐kayak performance ranges from ~37% to ~85% of total energy expenditure from shortest (200m) to longest (1000m) events. While systemic VO2max has proven to be a strong predictor of performance on longer events (500m and 1000m races), oxygenation of active skeletal muscles has been poorly investig...

Background High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the most effective means for improving VO2max and aerobic performance in well-trained athletes. For decades, maximizing the time at or near VO2max during HIIT sessions has been presented as a way to achieve central adaptations, leading to increased VO2max. It is also possible that maximi...

BACKGROUND Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exhibit excessive ventilation at rest and during exercise. This is generally attributed to an increased physiological dead space related to extensive vascular remodeling and ventilation‐perfusion mismatch as well as hyperventilation resulting in low arterial carbon dioxide partial press...

We compared the effects of submaximal and supramaximal cycling interval training on determinants of exercise performance in moderately endurance-trained men. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max ), peak power output (Ppeak ), and peak and mean anaerobic power were measured before and after 6 weeks (3 sessions/week) of submaximal (85% maximal aerobic...

Asymmetrical responses of cerebral blood flow in response to elevating vs. falling blood pressure has been reported using cyclic inflation and deflation of thigh cuffs in head injury patients and pharmacologically in healthy volunteers. Whether this phenomenon exists with non‐pharmacologically induced hypertension and hypotension is unknown. In thi...

The impact of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) on presyncope symptoms (PS) is controversial in endurance athletes. We examined the influence of dCA during transient hypotension on PS in 11 male athletes using 1) the thigh‐cuff method (rate of regulation [RoR]), and 2) the relative reduction in cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) during tr...