Mustafa Kishk

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Assistant Professor at National University of Ireland, Maynooth

Providing efficient and reliable content delivery in rural areas remains a significant challenge due to the lack of communication infrastructure. To bridge the digital divide, this paper investigates the potential of leveraging multiple high-altitude platforms (HAPs) for energy-efficient content delivery in wide rural regions. Each caching-enabled...

Thanks to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness, an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted base station (UAV-BS) is a promising technology for the upcoming 6G wireless networks. Furthermore, tethered UAVs (T-UAVs), which are powered via a tether by an energy source on the ground, can overcome the limited operation time of UAV-BS networks. Hence, T-UAVs s...

In this paper, we present a framework to analyze the impact of user velocity on the distribution of the peak age-of-information (PAoI) for both ground and aerial users by using the dominant interferer-based approximation. We first approximate the SINR meta distribution for the uplink transmission using the distances between the serving base station...

Due to the involved massive number of devices, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is indispensable to realize the foreseen Internet-of-Everything (IoE) within 6G networks. Analogous to the cellular networks concept, shared energy stations (ESs) are foreseen to supply energy-as-a-service (EaaS) in order to recharge devices that belong to differe...

With the advent of the 6G era, global connectivity has become a common goal in the evolution of communications, aiming to bring Internet services to more unconnected regions. Additionally, the rise of applications such as the Internet of Everything and remote education also requires global connectivity. Non-terrestrial networks (NTN), particularly...

In the context of 5G, infrastructure sharing has been identified as a potential solution to reduce the investment costs of cellular networks. In particular, it can help low-income regions build 5G networks more affordably and further bridge the digital divide. There are two main kinds of infrastructure sharing: passive sharing (i.e. site sharing) a...

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are anticipated to be indispensable in extending coverage and enabling global communication access in next-generation wireless networks. With the extensive deployment of non-terrestrial platforms, evaluating the performance of NTN-enabled communication systems becomes a challenging task. Spherical stochastic geometry...

The design and comparison of satellite-terrestrial routing (STR) and inter-satellite routing (ISR) in low Earth orbit satellite constellations is a widely discussed topic. The signal propagation distance under STR is generally longer than that under ISR, resulting in greater path loss. The global deployment of gateways introduces additional costs f...

In this paper, we present a framework to analyze the impact of user velocity on the distribution of the peak age-of-information (PAoI) for both ground and aerial users by using the dominant interferer-based approximation. We first approximate the SINR meta distribution for the uplink transmission using the distances between the serving base station...

The design and comparison of satellite-terrestrial routing (STR) and inter-satellite routing (ISR) in low Earth orbit satellite constellations is a widely discussed topic. The signal propagation distance under STR is generally longer than that under ISR, resulting in greater path loss. The global deployment of gateways introduces additional costs f...

With the advent of the 6 G era, global connectivity has become a common goal in the evolution of communications, aiming to bring Internet services to more unconnected regions. Additionally, the rise of applications such as the Internet of Everything and remote education also requires global connectivity. Non-terrestrial networks (NTN), particularly...

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are anticipated to be indispensable in extending coverage and enabling global communication access in next-generation wireless networks. With the extensive deployment of non-terrestrial platforms, evaluating the performance of NTN-enabled communication systems becomes a challenging task. Spherical stochastic geometry...

With the increase in global positioning service demands and the requirement for more precise positioning, assisting existing medium and high orbit satellite-enabled positioning systems with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites has garnered widespread attention. However, providing low computational complexity performance analysis for hybrid LEO/MEO mass...

In the context of 5 G, infrastructure sharing has been identified as a potential solution to reduce the investment costs of cellular networks. In particular, it can help low-income regions build 5 G networks more affordably and further bridge the digital divide. There are two main kinds of infrastructure sharing: passive sharing (i.e., site sharing...

Caching content on servers closer to end-users is a crucial solution for Internet content providers (ICPs) to reduce the burden on backhaul traffic. The emergence of mega-constellations of satellites has created avenues to enhance global connectivity. By incorporating network caching technique into the architecture of satellite communication system...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have shown the potential to improve signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) related coverage, especially at high-frequency communications. However, assessing electromagnetic filed exposure (EMFE) and establishing EMFE regulations in RIS-assisted large-scale networks are still open issues. This paper...

Conventional wireless network infrastructures are known to be susceptible to strong perturbations such as the ones caused by calamities. With this regard, whenever facing an emergency, it is vital to ensure reliable connectivity within the disaster-struck zone. Therefore, in this article we promote the use of aerial reconfigurable intelligent surfa...

The extensive deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites introduces significant security challenges for communication security issues in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. With the rising number of satellites potentially acting as eavesdroppers, integrating Physical Layer Security (PLS) into satellite communications has become increasingly crit...

Age of information (AoI) has introduced a new dimension into the design of real-time monitoring networks. However, how to achieve energy-efficient freshness-aware information transmission with energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices remains a challenge. To solve this challenge, in this paper, we consider a new metric called freshness-aw...

Civilian communication during disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and military conflicts is crucial for saving lives. Nevertheless, several challenges exist during these circumstances such as the destruction of cellular communication and electricity infrastructure, lack of line of sight (LoS), and difficulty of localization under the rubble. In...

This article analyses the uplink performance of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices communicating with the low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. We consider a scenario where the IoT devices are deployed in the hard-to-reach areas. Hence, energy harvesting is the only sustainable solution. Due to the battery-free assumption of the IoT devices, we consi...

Public safety networks (PSNs) are essential for ensuring the well-being and security of communities during man-made and natural disasters, making them of significant interest for governments worldwide. PSNs encompass more than post-disaster relief; they are also responsible for pre-disaster prevention and search and rescue (SAR) operations during d...

More than ever, there is a need for a wholly connected era, particularly for the connectivity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices dispersed across a large geographic region, including all rural, remote areas lacking suitable terrestrial infrastructure. The deployment of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite network is a perfect candidate to tackle th...

The extensive deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites introduces significant security challenges for communication security issues in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. With the rising number of satellites potentially acting as eavesdroppers, integrating Physical Layer Security (PLS) into satellite communications has become increasingly crit...

Deploying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks to provide coverage for outdoor users has attracted great attention during the last decade. However, outdoor coverage is challenging due to the high mobility of crowds and the diverse terrain configurations causing building blockage. Most studies use stochastic channel models to characterize the impa...

Whether the future of transportation is going to be electric or not is no longer a question. Electric vehicles (EVs) offer several benefits toward global sustainability. However, without a variety of charging infrastructures that cover diverse forthcoming charging needs, the speed of vehicle electrification may be slow and limited. In this study, w...

We hereby present a novel interference mitigation strategy specifically designed to enhance the quality of service that a typical terrestrial user equipment (UE) would experience after the occurrence of a calamity. In particular, we devise a novel stochastic geometry framework where the functioning ground base stations are modeled as an inhomogeneo...

Terrain information is a crucial factor affecting the performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks. As a tutorial, this article provides a unique perspective on the completeness of terrain information, summarizing and enhancing the research on terrain-based UAV deployment. In the presence of complete terrain information, two highly discuss...

With the development of fifth-generation (5G) networks, the number of user equipments (UE) increases dramatically. However, the potential health risks from electromagnetic fields (EMF) tend to be a public concern. Generally, EMF exposure-related analysis mainly considers the passive exposure from base stations (BSs) and active exposure that results...

Cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems are promising deployment paradigms for next-generation networks. They comprise a large number of base stations (BSs) and simultaneously serve all users over the same time and frequency resources. We analyze the performance of integrating aerial users, such as unmanned aerial vehicl...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and tethered balloons are increasingly pivotal in enhancing wireless network coverage performance, particularly in scenarios that require rapid deployment and adaptable infrastructure. This paper presents an optimization framework for maximizing energy efficiency in aerial integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network...

While underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are a widely studied topic, their practical application still faces various challenges. One of the most important reasons is that existing works have not fully accounted for the particularities of the underwater environment from a high-level point of view, as well as the nature of underwater network...

One of the major challenges slowing down the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations (ABSs) is the limited on-board power supply which reduces the UAV's flight time. Using a tether to provide UAVs with power can be considered a reasonable compromise that will enhance the flight time while limiting the UAV's mobility. In this...

We present a practical framework for maximizing the average data rates of terrestrial networks operating in the 28-GHz band while considering their coexistence with satellite networks. The 28-GHz mmWave band is licensed to fixed satellite services for Earth-to-space uplink transmissions, which are also used by the terrestrial cellular and backhaul...

Even though achieving global connectivity represents one of the main goals of 5G and beyond wireless networks, exurban areas are still suffering frequent outages because of the lack of proper telecom infrastructures, which are often available only in urban areas. Indeed, cellular network design is usually capacity driven, and thus the densities of...

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to enhance network coverage has proven a variety of benefits compared to terrestrial counterparts. One of the commonly used mathematical tools to model the locations of the UAVs is stochastic geometry (SG). However, in the existing studies, both users and UAVs are often modeled as homogeneous point processes. I...

The meta distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) provides fine-grained information about each link’s performance in a wireless system and the reliability of the whole network. While the UAV-enabled network has been studied extensively, most of the works focus on the spatial average performance, such as coverage probabilit...

With the advancements achieved in drones' flexibility , low cost, and high efficiency, they obtain huge application opportunities in various industries, such as aerial delivery and future communication networks. However, the increasing transportation needs and expansion of network capacity demands for UAVs will cause aerial traffic conflicts in the...

p>We hereby present a novel interference mitigation strategy specifically designed to enhance the quality of service that a typical terrestrial user equipment (UE) would experience after the occurrence of a calamity. In particular, we devise a novel stochastic geometry framework where the functioning ground base stations are modeled as an inhomogen...

p>We hereby present a novel interference mitigation strategy specifically designed to enhance the quality of service that a typical terrestrial user equipment (UE) would experience after the occurrence of a calamity. In particular, we devise a novel stochastic geometry framework where the functioning ground base stations are modeled as an inhomogen...

p> Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology and its integration into existing wireless networks have recently attracted much interest. While an important use case of said technology consists in mounting RISs onto unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to support the terrestrial infrastructure in post-disaster scenarios, the current literature l...

p> Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology and its integration into existing wireless networks have recently attracted much interest. While an important use case of said technology consists in mounting RISs onto unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to support the terrestrial infrastructure in post-disaster scenarios, the current literature l...

This work studies the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) meta distribution for the uplink transmission of a Poisson network with Rayleigh fading by using the dominant interferer-based approximation. The proposed approach relies on computing the mix of exact and mean-field analysis of interference. In particular, it requires the distance...

This work studies the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) meta distribution for the uplink transmission of a Poisson network with Rayleigh fading by using the dominant interferer-based approximation. The proposed approach relies on computing the mix of exact and mean-field analysis of interference. In particular, it requires the distance...

Due to its potential to enable global connectivity in remote locations, such as rural areas and islands, Space-Air-Ground networks have become an ambitious solution for terrestrial communication in the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication network. In this paper, we propose a novel structure of Space-Air-Ground-Sea integrated networks (SAGSI...

p>Digital divide refers to the gap between populations at different socio-economic levels with respect to their access to the Internet and communication technologies in general. In this chapter, we summarize the recent developments aimed at bridging such inequality from a technical and economic standpoint. After a preliminary discussion on altern...

p>Digital divide refers to the gap between populations at different socio-economic levels with respect to their access to the Internet and communication technologies in general. In this chapter, we summarize the recent developments aimed at bridging such inequality from a technical and economic standpoint. After a preliminary discussion on altern...

Underwater long-distance wireless communication (ULWC) is a critical challenge in many applications, such as marine environmental monitoring, underwater remote control, and underwater navigation, to name a few. However, very little literature focuses on ULWC, especially where the communication distance ups to thousands of kilometers, which is urgen...

p>Even though achieving global connectivity represents one of the main goals of 5G and beyond wireless networks, exurban areas are still suffering frequent outages due to the lack of proper telecom infrastructures, which are often available only in urban areas. Indeed, cellular network design is usually capacity-driven, and thus base stations’ dens...

p>Even though achieving global connectivity represents one of the main goals of 5G and beyond wireless networks, exurban areas are still suffering frequent outages due to the lack of proper telecom infrastructures, which are often available only in urban areas. Indeed, cellular network design is usually capacity-driven, and thus base stations’ dens...

Motivated by the need for ubiquitous and reliable communications in post-disaster emergency management systems (EMSs), we hereby present a novel and efficient stochastic geometry (SG) framework. This mathematical model is specifically designed to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) experienced by a typical ground user equipment (UE) residing eith...

One of the major challenges slowing down the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations (ABSs) is the limited on-board power supply which reduces the UAV's flight time. Using a tether to provide UAVs with power can be considered a reasonable compromise that will enhance the flight time while limiting the UAV's mobility. In this...

This letter studies the signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) meta distribution of uplink transmission of UAV-enabled wireless networks with inversion power control. Within a framework of stochastic geometry, the Matern cluster process (MCP) is used to model the locations of users and UAVs. Conditional success probability and moments are derived...

This paper proposes a novel approach for computing the meta distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for the downlink transmission in a wireless network with Rayleigh fading. The novel approach relies on an approximation mix of exact and mean-field analysis of interference (dominant interferer-based approximation) to reduc...

p>Motivated by the need for ubiquitous and reliable communications in post-disaster emergency management systems (EMSs), we hereby present a novel and efficient stochastic geometry (SG) framework. This mathematical model is specifically designed to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) experienced by a typical ground user equipment (UE) residing e...

p>Motivated by the need for ubiquitous and reliable communications in post-disaster emergency management systems (EMSs), we hereby present a novel and efficient stochastic geometry (SG) framework. This mathematical model is specifically designed to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) experienced by a typical ground user equipment (UE) residing e...

Motivated by the need for ubiquitous and reliable communications in post-disaster emergency management systems (EMSs), we hereby present a novel and efficient stochastic geometry (SG) framework. This mathematical model is specifically designed to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) experienced by a typical ground user equipment (UE) residing eith...

Installing more base stations (BSs) into the existing cellular infrastructure is an essential way to provide greater network capacity and higher data rates in the 5th-generation cellular networks (5G). However, a non-negligible amount of the population is concerned that such network densification will generate a notable increase in exposure to elec...

This paper proposes a novel approach for computing the meta distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for the downlink transmission in a wireless network with Rayleigh fading. The novel approach relies on an approximation mix of exact and mean-field analysis of interference (dominant interferer-based approximation) to reduc...

The meta distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) provides fine-grained information about each link's performance in a wireless system and the reliability of the whole network. While the UAV-enabled network has been studied extensively, most of the works focus on the spatial average performance, such as coverage probabilit...

This letter studies the signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) meta distribution of uplink transmission of UAV-enabled wireless networks with inversion power control. Within a framework of stochastic geometry, the Matern cluster process (MCP) is used to model the locations of users and UAVs. Conditional success probability and moments are derived...

Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance network coverage has proven a variety of benefits compared to terrestrial counterparts. One of the commonly used mathematical tools to model the locations of the UAVs is stochastic geometry (SG). However, in the existing studies, both users and UAVs are often modeled as homogeneous point processes. I...

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) integrated access and backhaul (IAB) has recently received considerable interest for its advantage in reducing the expenses related to the deployment of fiber optics, such as the Terragraph proposed by Meta’s Connectivity Lab. Terragraph networks aim to provide high-speed internet access to dense urban environments. However...

In this paper, we consider a novel cellular network for aerial users, which is composed of dedicated base stations (BSs), whose antennas are directed towards aerial users, and traditional terrestrial BSs (TBSs). Besides, the dedicated BSs are deployed on roadside furniture, such as lampposts and traffic lights, to achieve multiple features while oc...

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology and its integration into existing wireless networks have recently attracted much interest. While an important use case of said technology consists in mounting RISs onto unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to support the terrestrial infrastructure in post-disaster scenarios, the current literature lack...

The high altitude platform (HAP) network has been regarded as a cost-efficient solution for providing network access to rural or remote areas. Apart from network connectivity, rural areas are predicted to have demands for diverse real-time intelligent communication services, such as smart agriculture and digital forestry. The effectiveness of real-...

In this paper, we analyze the peak age of information (PAoI) in UAV-assisted internet of thing (IoT) networks, in which the locations of IoT devices are modeled by a Matérn cluster process (MCP) and UAVs are deployed at the cluster centers to collect the status updates from the devices. Specifically, we consider that IoT devices can either monitor...

An unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted base station (UAV-BS), also known as an aerial base station (ABS), is a viable technology for the next 6G wireless networks due to its adaptability and affordability. Furthermore, the concept of tethered UAVs (TUAVs), can be used to circumvent the limited network operating time of UAV-BS networks. TUAVs are UAVs p...

Connectivity is an important key performance indicator and a focal point of research in large-scale wireless networks. Due to path-loss attenuation of electromagnetic waves, direct wireless connectivity is limited to proximate devices. Nevertheless, connectivity among distant devices can still be attained through a sequence of consecutive multi-hop...

TThe line-of-sight (LoS) condition is important to the quality of wireless communications, especially for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications which are more sensitive to blockages than typical radio frequency (RF) communications. Considering that one blockage would obstruct several channels simultaneously, recently, researchers have studied the...

Given the necessity of connecting the unconnected, covering blind spots has emerged as a critical task in the next-generation wireless communication network. A direct solution involves obtaining a coverage manifold that visually showcases network coverage performance at each position. Our goal is to devise different methods that minimize the absolu...

Wireless communications over Terahertz (THz)-band frequencies are vital enablers of ultra-high rate applications and services in sixth-generation (6G) networks. However, THz communications suffer from poor coverage because of inherent THz features such as high penetration losses, significant molecular absorption, and severe path loss. To surmount t...

Underwater acoustic communication networks (UACNs) are considered a key enabler to the Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT). UACN is regarded as essential for various marine applications, such as monitoring, exploration, and trading. However, a large part of existing literature disregards the 3-D nature of the underwater communication system. In th...

This letter characterizes the contact angle distribution based on the condition that the relay low earth orbit (LEO) satellite is in the communication range of both the ground transmitter and the ground receiver. As one of the core distributions in stochastic geometry-based routing analysis, the analytical expression of the Cumulative Distribution...

A new generation of aerial vehicles is hopeful to be the next frontier for the transportation of people and goods, becoming even as important as ground users in the communication systems. To enhance the coverage of aerial users, appropriate adjustments should be made to the existing cellular networks that mainly provide services for ground users by...

This letter investigates the accuracy of recently proposed stochastic geometry-based modeling of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. In particular, we use the Wasserstein Distance-inspired method to analyze the distances between different models, including Fibonacci lattice and orbit models. We propose an algorithm to calculate the distance b...

In this paper, the routing in massive low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is studied. When the satellite-to-satellite communication distance is limited, we choose different relay satellites to minimize the latency in a constellation at a constant altitude. Firstly, the global optimum solution is obtained in the ideal scenario when there are av...

Using drones for communications and transportation is drawing great attention in many practical scenarios, such as package delivery and providing additional wireless coverage. However, the increasing demand for UAVs from industry and academia will cause aerial traffic conflicts in the future. This, in turn, motivates the idea of this paper: multipu...

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being actively adopted as a solution to sustainable transportation. However, a bottleneck remains with charging, where two of the main problems are the long charging time and the range anxiety of EV drivers. In this research, we investigate the deployment of dynamic charging systems, i.e., electrified roads that wireless...

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is strongly advocated for sixth-generation (6G) networks, as the 6G standard will not be limited to improving broadband services, but will also target the extension of the geographical cellular coverage. In this context, the deployment of UAVs is considered a key solution for seamless connectivity and reli...

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is strongly advocated for sixth-generation (6G) networks, as the 6G standard will not be limited to improving broadband services, but will also target the extension of the geographical cellular coverage. In this context, the deployment of UAVs is considered a key solution for seamless connectivity and reli...

This paper analyzes the energy efficiency of a novel system model where unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used to provide coverage for user hotspots (user clusters) and are deployed on charging pads to enhance the flight time. We introduce a new notion of "cluster pairs" to capture the dynamic nature of the users spatial distribution in order to...

This letter characterizes the contact angle distribution based on the condition that the relay low earth orbit (LEO) satellite is in the communication range of both the ground transmitter and the ground receiver. As one of the core distributions in stochastic geometry-based routing analysis, the analytical expression of the \ac{CDF} of the conditio...

This paper investigates the accuracy of recently proposed stochastic geometry-based modeling of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. In particular, we use the Wasserstein Distance-inspired method to analyze the distances between different models, including Fibonacci lattice and orbit models. We propose an algorithm to calculate the distance be...

Electric vehicles (EVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) show great potential in modern transportation and communication networks, respectively. However, with growing demands for such technologies, the limited energy infrastructure becomes the bottleneck for their future growth. It might be of high cost and low energy efficiency for all the oper...

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being actively adopted as a solution to sustainable transportation. However, a bottleneck remains with charging, where two of the main problems are the long charging time and the range anxiety of EV drivers. In this research, we investigate the deployment of dynamic charging systems, i.e., electrified roads that wireless...

As COVID-19 has increased the need for connectivity around the world, researchers are targeting new technologies that could improve coverage and connect the unconnected in order to make progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In this context, drones are seen as one of the key features of 6G wireless networks that could ext...

In this paper, the routing in massive low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is studied. When the satellite-to-satellite communication distance is limited, we choose different relay satellites to minimize the latency in a constellation at a constant altitude. Firstly, the global optimum solution is obtained in the ideal scenario when there are av...

div>Despite coverage enhancement in rural areas is one of the main requirements in next generations of wireless networks (i.e., 5G and 6G), the low expected profit prevents telecommunication providers from investing in such sparsely populated areas. Hence, cost efficient alternatives are required for extending the cellular infrastructure to these...

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite plays an indispensable role in the equal access network because of its low latency, large capacity, and seamless global coverage. For such an unprecedented extensive irregular system, stochastic geometry (SG) is a suitable research method. The SG model can not only cope with the increasing network scale, but also acc...

The number of disasters has increased over the past decade where these calamities significantly affect the functionality of communication networks. In the context of 6G, airborne and spaceborne networks offer hope in disaster recovery to serve the underserved and to be resilient in calamities. Therefore, this paper surveys the state-of-the-art lite...

The number of disasters has increased over the past decade where these calamities significantly affect the functionality of communication networks. In the context of 6G, airborne and spaceborne networks offer hope in disaster recovery to serve the underserved and to be resilient in calamities. Therefore, this paper surveys the state-of-the-art lite...