Murat Bengisu- PhD
- Professor (Full) at İzmir University of Economics
Murat Bengisu
- PhD
- Professor (Full) at İzmir University of Economics
About
78
Publications
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Introduction
I am a full time Professor at Izmir University of Economics, Department of Industrial Design. For several years I also headed our MDes and PhD programs in Design Studies which are interdisciplinary graduate programs.
My research interests include materials (ceramics, glass, smart materials), disability studies, design research, technological forecasting/foresight, data/text mining, and linguistics of design
Current institution
Additional affiliations
September 1999 - September 2006
March 1999 - August 2006
April 1987 - May 1992
Publications
Publications (78)
The aim of this research was to understand the approaches of Polish design studios to project management as well as socially and ecologically responsible design. These issues were investigated through a perspective of Polish design history and today’s socioeconomic realities. A qualitative approach was used in this study with interviews as the main...
Recent studies in digital design and fabrication processes focus on the potentials of using biological systems in nature as mathematical models or more recently as bio-based materials and composites in various applications. The reciprocal integration between mechanical and digital media for designing and manufacturing bio-based products is still op...
In this paper, a sample of a bacterial cellulose-based tissue is studied in terms of
its tectonics by presenting a framework that proposes a transition from digital to
physical in terms of design and fabrication. First, sample tissue is digitally
modeled and optimized through dynamic relaxation of spring-particle systems by
simulating bending behav...
In today’s marine industry, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) material has gained popularity due to its recyclability that relieves the concerns for sustainability of the products and its lightweight, resistance to environmental effects, such as moisture, corrosion, organisms, UV, etc. its sufficient mechanical properties. HDPE material may be combi...
Today's technologies offer exciting new horizons to reconfigure the realm of
digital design and fabrication with the use of biologically active materials. Some
of the recent works have been exploring the potentials of utilizing biological
systems either as mathematical models for digital design or as the material itself
in digital fabrication. As o...
Several types of agar-based polymeric materials were developed for the use of designers, engineers, makers, and do-it-yourself (DIY) enthusiasts. Simple recipes and procedures were determined for the adaptation and use by anyone who is interested to use sustainable, non-toxic, and even edible plastic-like materials without the need for a scientific...
Resumen: El campo interdisciplinario de la biomimética ha sido objeto de creciente aten-ción en los últimos años. La comunidad científica e industrial entiende que el daño que hemos estado haciendo a la naturaleza puede ser resuelto por la naturaleza misma. El diseño biomimético también ha ido ganando impulso gracias a las nuevas investigaciones y...
The terms materials that move and kinetic materials signify a group of smart ma-terials with the ability to change shape, typically in a short time. The best-known and most widely studied group of materials that fall into this category are shape memory materials, more specifically shape memory alloys. However, shape memory materials are not the onl...
Some of the difficulties designers and design educators face when attempting a project with smart materials are their limited availability, high cost, and lack of practical but reliable information. The design community responds to these problems in many creative ways. Tinkering and experimentation with materials and simple tools is becoming popula...
Artists, designers, architects and engineers work together as interdisciplinary and collaborative teams in order to accomplish innovative yet challenging projects that implement kinetic materials and user experiences. Outstanding projects have been selected from different fields including product design, arts, architecture, fashion design, and exhi...
The capacity of kinetic materials to respond to environmental stimuli or external signals offers a unique opportunity for interface, interaction, and experience design. This signal can be in the form of user input that may be sensed by the kinetic material directly or transformed into a signal suitable for that particular material. Interaction is a...
This chapter gives a general outlook on methods used for the manufacturing or small-scale fabrication of kinetic materials. Some conventional processes are used to manufacture shape memory materials. Common metallurgical processes are suitable for shape memory alloys while special training and heat-treatment procedures are required for customized s...
Kinetic materials range from well-known shape memory alloys to more “exotic” materials such as ferrogels and shape memory ceramics. The common characteristic of all these smart materials is their ability to undergo a predetermined shape change as a response to an external stimulus such as light, electricity, humidity, or heat. The shape change can...
This chapter aims to discuss selected applications of shape changing materials in different fields. Most of these examples involve shape memory alloys, particularly nitinol because at the present, this is the most established and reliable material for industrial applications. However, research efforts indicate that SMAs may be replaced by SMPs, f...
Living organisms move in search for food; they move to protect themselves from enemies, to search for shelter, to multiply and perpetuate the existence of their species, and for many other reasons. A great variety of motion exists in animals, plants, and bacteria. The majority of animals move by muscle contractions. Mammalians depend on their muscl...
This book presents a design-driven investigation into smart materials developed by chemists, physicists, materials and chemical engineers, and applied by designers to consumer products, buildings, interfaces, or textiles. Introducing a class of smart materials (referred to as stimuli-responsive, morphing or kinetic materials) that move and change t...
Properties of sodium borate glasses, including chemical durability, leaching rate, glass transformation temperature, and melting temperature were analyzed for waste immobilization applications. The lowest dissolution rate (1.6 × 10⁻⁸ g cm⁻² min⁻¹) among candidate sodium borate host glasses was achieved in 45Na2O·5P2O5·5PbO·45B2O3. Similarly, the lo...
The field of design is transforming rapidly and moving into new, interdisciplinary as well as complex directions. It is important to be able to understand such changes and predict how design education should address these changes. An explorative scenario building method was used to predict the effect of important drivers on design education in Turk...
Research in borate glasses has started as a scientific curiosity and as an aid to explain the structure of oxide glasses in general. This effort led to a better understanding of the structure and unique properties of borate glasses. Although silicate and borosilicate glasses satisfy the vast majority of scientific and industrial needs, there are ce...
Shape memory alloys and polymers respond to changes
in temperature, light or other environmental stimuli
by changing their shape. This paper shows new kinetic
experiences with objects and surfaces that apply
memory shape materials, describing some case histories
based on design experimentations that open up new
frontiers in design. The present arti...
Mobile phones have been commercially available
only for three decades but they are now indispensable
for many. A great majority of mobile
phones available in shops are designed with a
preconception that the user will have good visual
and auditory abilities. However, this is not the case
for people with visual or auditory impairments.
This article f...
This paper introduces the new qualitative dimensions that smart materials bring in industrial and product design with the aim of stimulating designers to take a more proactive attitude in the choice and application of these materials. Chromogenic materials enable designers to make visible, by emitting colour signals, what is happening under certain...
Vision-independent technologies and interfaces are an important topic in interaction design. Such technologies are of interest for visually impaired users and for elderly people who have difficulty in reading. Furthermore, they offer new pathways for communication in cases where visual overload is a problem, where the user needs to use vision for a...
This chapter introduces materials that change color with scientific definitions and explanations of different categories such as photochromic, thermochromic, and electrochromic materials. The behaviors in relation to the stimuli to which they react is presented and a general picture of the potential of these materials are given with some examples/a...
This chapter introduces key issues on the use of materials that change color as a design theme to experiment with its potential. It addresses issues such as the significance of color in design, design approaches toward and meaning attributed to dynamic color, theoretical implications and changes in design methodologies in the face of new tools and...
This chapter aims to explain various manufacturing processes used for commercial products that involve chromogenic materials. Challenges in the use of chromogenic pigments, inks, and dyes are presented based on industrial practice and patents. Some of the manufacturing processes are applicable to more than one type of chromogenic material type (the...
This chapter presents the subject and objectives of the book Materials That Change Color in the context of applied research and concept design. The implications of the techno-scientific research on theories and methods of design are outlined. Technical opportunities for new qualities given to objects of everyday life, like sensitivity, interactivit...
Various reports claim that certain disruptive technologies are about to bring important changes in the industry, business, and in our daily lives. This study aims to understand if and how text mining could be used to determine the possible effects of such technologies on the scope, processes, practices, and tools of design. Our first attempts show...
Lead borate based glass formulations with high chemical durability and lower melting temperatures compared to the currently used glasses were developed as candidates for the vitrification of radioactive waste. Properties including chemical durability, glass transformation temperature, and melting temperature were analyzed. The chemical durability o...
This chapter presents a number of case studies: products, projects, concepts, experiments, and smart systems using chromogenic materials. These were chosen based on their capacity to represent state of the art of the experimentation and application of materials that change color in different fields including product, interior, fashion, packaging, a...
http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/DESI_a_00198
A new UV-curable coating with aluminum pigments was developed as part of an effort to replace chromium coatings, which raise health and environmental concerns. For achieving this, aliphatic tri-functional oligomeric urethane methacrylate (ATOUA) was synthesized using trimethylol propane (TMP), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyethyl methacryla...
A three-stage Delphi study was conducted with experts and professionals working in the fields of disability and hospitality in order to identify some basic principles with respect to employment of people with disabilities (PWD). The potential effects of employing PWD on safety, cost, efficiency, service quality and management were investigated. Pot...
A phone survey was conducted with 80 visually impaired people in Turkey to understand what types of assistive products are used and to what extent. The perceived utility of selected products and reasons for nonuse were investigated. Descriptions of products that would be useful for the participants but may not be available on the market were also o...
The glass formation abilities of various compositions in SrO–TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2, SrO–TiO2–B2O3–SiO2, SrO–TiO2–Al2O3–B2O3, and SrO–TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2–B2O3 systems were studied. Many new compositions were found to be suitable for the casting of crack-free, optically clear glasses
of different color and with glass transition temperatures ranging from 595 to...
Various aspects of the working life of people who are visually impaired were investigated in a telephone survey conducted in Turkey. Although the participants performed many types of jobs successfully, many issues need to be solved for the more efficient participation of people with visual impairments in the economy.
Borate, lithium borate and borophosphate powders were synthesized by the sol–gel method. Triethyl borate, lithium methoxide, Borate, lithium borate and borophosphate powders were synthesized by the sol–gel method. Triethyl borate, lithium methoxide,
and orthophosphoric acid were used as precursors for B2O3, Li2O, and P2O5, respectively. Powders wer...
Grafting of poly(triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly(TriEGDMA)), onto chitosan by ceric ion initiation has been investigated. The grafting conditions were optimized by studying the effect of monomer and initiator concentrations as well as time and temperature. Products with lower grafting yields (90–261%) were water and acid soluble. Those wit...
Several series of SrTiO3–aluminoborate and SrTiO3–aluminoborosilicate glasses were prepared, which exhibited low corrosion rates in water at 90°C. The additions of up to 9mol% P2O5 to these glasses were found to significantly improve the chemical durability. The weight loss rate of a glass with the nominal composition (mol%) 15SrO–15TiO2–23.3Al2O3–...
Short term forecasting was applied to 20 emerging technologies under the “Machine and Materials” category based on the Vision 2023 foresight study previously conducted for Turkey. This scientometric approach uses the most suitable keywords linked to the technology in question and determines the number of publications and patents in those fields for...
Several series of SrTiO 3 –aluminoborate and SrTiO 3 –aluminoborosilicate glasses were prepared, which exhibited low corrosion rates in water at 90 °C. The additions of up to 9 mol% P 2 O 5 to these glasses were found to significantly improve the chemical durability. The weight loss rate of a glass with the nominal composition (mol%) 15SrO–15TiO 2...
A single step sol-gel process was used to precipitate silica microspheres containing ibuprofen or naproxen for controlled drug delivery applications. The drug release behavior from these systems was analyzed in vitro. Pure ibuprofen and naproxen exhibited linear release with time, while sol-gel silica entrapped drugs were released with a logarithmi...
Dynamic consolidation techniques were employed to investigate the retention of tetragonal zirconia and degree of consolidation in alumina/zirconia powder compacts. Heating the specimens prior to explosive shock compaction increased the tetragonal-phase retention significantly. Low shock pressures yielded no macrocracking, although final densities w...
Al2O3 bars were butt-joined by brazing with thin Al interlayers. After brazing, an attempt was made to oxidize the Al interlayers to convert the metal to a crystalline ceramic. While pure Al interlayers did not oxidize significantly even under severe conditions (pure O2, 1600°C for 4 hours), addition of MgO in the joint or alloying the interlayers...
Two lithium silicate glasses (S- and BPS-glass) were sealed to four different Ni-based superalloys (Inconel 600, Inconel 718, Haynes 230, and Hastelloy C-276) and the effects of long-term heating at 700–900C on the chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of sealed interfaces were studied. The presence of a small amount of ZnO in the BP...
Biocompatible ceramics, glasses, and glass-ceramics are gaining increased importance in biotechnological applications. Ceramic materials can be bioinert, bioactive, bioresorbable, and biotoxic1. The chemical durability of bioceramics is of concern for many biotechnological applications such as bone implants, bone defect fillings, and drug delivery....
Lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics prepared by two different devitrification procedures were subjected to thermal cycling and heat treatment at 700 and 800 °C for up to 16 days in air. Changes in microstructure, phase distribution, microhardness, and thermal expansion behavior were monitored. Glass-ceramics prepared with a 950 °C nucleation ste...
A detailed account of physical bulk gel and bead formation from various chitin solutions and nonsolvents is given. Instant gel formation occurs upon contact of chitin solutions in dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/lithium chloride (LiCl) or N-methyl-pyrrolidinone (NMP)/LiCl solvents and nonsolvents such as water, ethanol, or acetone. Ethanol was found to be...
Technologies that were assumed to be critical or emerging in Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering were combined
from different sources. These were compared to recent data and trends based on publications as well as patents in these fields.
Some of these technologies were found to be non-critical or non-emergent. Top-ten lists of cri...
A new gelcasting system has been analysed. The gel forming system is based on a solution of 1% chitosan in diluted acetic acid and reaction with glutaraldehyde. An Al2O3 powder-loading rate of 50 vol.% was achieved under optimised conditions. Advantages of this new system include the use of a biopolymer (chitosan), possibility of air drying of gree...
The oxidation and pyrolysis of chitosan were studied with the aim of obtaining carbon fibers from chitosan fibers. The effect of heat treatment temperature and time as well as pretreatment with ammonium chloride on the conversion process was analyzed. The mechanism for the conversion of chitosan to carbon during oxidation, suggested by FTIR analysi...
Typically, engineering ceramics have a controlled composition and higher purity compared to conventional ceramics. Most of the conventional ceramic products such as sanitary ware, tableware, wall tiles, and brick are made from raw materials found in nature. Raw materials for engineering ceramics, on the other hand, are normally not found in nature;...
The term consolidation can be defined as producing a dense body to attain ultimate material properties. A majority of methods used for fabricating ceramic bodies, be they monoliths or composites, require various preparatory steps before consolidation. Depending on the densification method as well as the size and shape of the component, a number of...
The basic difference that sets engineering ceramics apart from conventional ceramics is that engineering ceramics are composed of a single phase (e.g. A12O3, ZrO2, Si3N4) or only a few phases (e.g., MgO-Al2O3, Y2O3-ZrO2, Na2O5Al2O3), whereas conventional ceramics are typically mixtures of many phases. This difference comes from the origin of both t...
The term characterization has been defined as the analysis of composition and structural features (including defects) of a material that are significant for a particular preparation, study of properties, or use, and suffice for reproducing the material [5.1]. The properties of materials are strongly dependent on the composition and microstructure,...
The use of ceramic materials in science and industry is becoming increasingly widespread. As discussed in Chap. 4, ceramic materials have important advantages over metals and polymers in electronic devices at high temperatures or in corrosive environments. This chapter will briefly review structural, refractory, energy production, biotechnological,...
The mechanical properties of a ceramic material must be thoroughly studied before it is considered for any application that imparts certain stresses. Mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness are key properties in a ceramic material’s performance. Fatigue behavior is important when cyclic stresses are...
This section will give a brief description of the electronic structure of atoms to serve as a basis for later discussions such as various types of bonds and electronic properties of ceramics.
An apparatus that is capable of producing repeated impacts of erodent particles on a solid surface, in vacuum or controlled atmospheres, is described. It was developed specifically to correct the deficiencies of previous designs. It consists of an electromagnet, a laminated iron core, and an aluminum launcher (sabot), all contained in a sturdy fram...
The densification of MgO and MgO-TiC ceramics by hollow cathode plasma and microwave sintering techniques was studied. The resultant fractional densities were compared to those of conventionally sintered samples. It was demonstrated that indirect heating and sintering of MgO by microwave radiation was possible. Higher fractional densities were obta...
The effects of shock treatment and consolidation method on densification behaviour and mechanical properties of Al2O3, Al2O3-ZrO2, Al2O3-SiC (whisker), and Al2O3-ZrO2-SiC (whisker) have been studied. It was established that shock treatment does not improve the sintering kinetics of alumina or alumina-based composites. On the other hand, partial sho...
A feasibility study was performed to assess the potential of plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition as a method for the coating of carbon fibre bundles. Rayon-based carbon filaments, in 2000-filament tows, were coated with SnO2. Direct-current and hollow-cathode discharges generated in an SnCl4-O2 medium helped to deposit the SnO2 coatings on f...
The effect of rapid rate furnace sintering and HCD-plasma sintering on density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of three Al2O3-5% vol. metal carbide composites and Al2O3-10% vol. ZrO2 was studied and the results are compared to conventionally sintered composites. Significantly higher densities were achieved in Al2O3-5% vol. SiC composites...
Toughening achieved by incorporation of whiskers to ceramic matrices was calculated based on an approach that combines individual contributions from effective toughening mechanisms. The relative importance of each mechanism, among others, was found to substantially vary depending on the selection of whisker and composite parameters. Analysis of the...
The results of a study on densification, microstructures and mechanical properties of alumina based ceramic composites are described. The present study utilizes hollow-cathode discharge (HCD) plasma sintering to compare sintering kinetics of shock treated and unshocked Al2O3 based composites. This provided new information on both the sintering proc...
Employment is one of the important requirements for the integration of disabled people to daily life. The tourism industry is one of Turkey's important industries with a great potential for growth. However this growth must be a planned and balanced one with appropriate consideration of its human resources. In order to get the most benefit from the...
Whisker reinforcement of ceramic and glass materials leads to improved toughness along with other mechanical properties. The most significant toughening mechanisms in whisker reinforced ceramics are crack bridging, whisker pullout, and crack deflection, according to a large number of theoretical and experimental studies. Important parameters in whi...
Sintering of technical grade MgO yields higher fractional densities compared to pure MgO. TiC reacts with MgO under sintering of MgO-TiC composites in air, yielding MgâTiOâ and CO or COâ. This can be suppressed in vacuum by plasma sintering. Plasma sintering of MgO at 1300 C and short times does not produce satisfactory results. 5 vol% TiC increase...
Questions
Question (1)
In materials courses we classically teach that carbon steels or plain carbon steels are steels with up to 2% carbon (see for example Budinski & Budinski - Engineering Materials) and the SAE designation for such steels are 10XX where XX stands for the amount of carbon for example 1020 indicating 0.2% carbon. What happens if there is 1% carbon in a plain carbon steel? What is the symbol for that?
