Muralidhar Bairy

• B. E in E&C, M Tech in BME, Ph. D in Biomedical Signal Processing
• Additional Professor at MIT Manipal Academy of Higher Education

As per world health organization, Anemia is a most prevalent blood disorder all over the world. Reduced number of Red Blood Cells or decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells is considered as Anemia. This condition also leads to the decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. The main goal of this research is to develop a dependa...

Anaemia is a disorder marked by low blood levels of haemoglobin (HGB), affecting people of all ages and ethnicities and is a major global public health concern. Anaemia must be diagnosed as soon as possible to enable prompt treatment and intervention, which can reduce complications and enhance patient outcomes. With the ability to improve diagnosti...

A digital microscope plays a crucial role in the better and faster diagnosis of an abnormality using various techniques. There has been significant development in this domain of digital pathology. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin in red blood cells. The traditional method for diagnosing sickle cell disease inv...

Diagnosing a disease requires observing the affected tissues and drawing conclusions based on specific known features. Conventionally, a pathologist would diagnose the sample manually by placing it on a glass slide and viewing it under the microscope. These microscopes existed 400 years ago, but over the years, there have been modifications aimed a...

Sickle cell disease (SCD), a blood disorder that transforms the shape of red blood cells into a distinctive sickle form, is a major concern as it not only compromises the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity but also poses significant health risks, ranging from weakness to paralysis and, in severe cases, even fatality. This condition not only underscor...

BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a commonly known blood illness worldwide. Red blood cell (RBC) count or oxygen carrying capability being insufficient are two ways to describe anaemia. This disorder has an impact on the quality of life. If anaemia is detected in the initial stage, appropriate care can be taken to prevent further harm. OBJECTIVE: This study p...

Dengue fever infection is a global health concern. Early disease detection is crucial for averting complications and fatality. Characteristic morphological changes in lymphocytes can be observed on a peripheral blood smear (PBS) in cases of dengue infection. In this research, we have developed automated computer vision models for dengue detection o...

Dengue fever is a rapidly increasing mosquito-borne ailment spread by the virus DENV in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. It is a significant public health problem and accounts for many deaths globally. Implementing more effective methods that can more accurately detect dengue cases is challenging. The theme of this digital pathology-associated...

Presents corrections to the paper, An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Integrated System for Automatic Detection of Dengue From Images of Blood Smears Using Transfer Learning.

Digital pathology is a field that blends various techniques for obtaining, analyzing, sharing, and saving information about pathology. This information often comes from digitized microscope slides. Digital pathology also uses artificial intelligence (AI) to help reduce errors made by humans. This review talks about digital pathology and the new tec...

Dengue virus (DENV), known to cause dengue fever is a global public health concern. A safe and effective anti-viral drug or vaccine that can protect humans from dengue fever currently does not exist. Today, severe dengue has become a leading cause of serious illness in most Asian and Latin American countries. This digital pathology-related research...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a global health concern; the need for early diagnosis cannot be overstated. Many machine learning techniques have been used electrocardiography (ECG) signal to detect CAD and they have used advanced signal processing methods. In this study, we present an automated novel approach for detecting coronary artery stenosi...

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a type of abuse in which an individual exploits a kid/adolescent sexually. CSA can happen in several places, such as schools, households, hostels, and other public spaces. However, a large number of people, including parents, do not have an awareness of this sensitive issue. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learn...

Monkeypox (Mpox) resurfaced in January 2022 as a rare zoonotic disease that spreads to many countries. Though the virus is not as dangerous as COVID-19, it has still caused many fatalities worldwide. The Mpox virus spreads when people are in close contact with infected individuals. Among many symptoms, the disease also causes skin rashes, and medic...

As we set into the second half of 2022, the world is still recovering from the two-year COVID-19 pandemic. However, over the past three months, the outbreak of the Monkeypox Virus (MPV) has led to fifty-two thousand confirmed cases and over one hundred deaths. This caused the World Health Organisation to declare the outbreak a Public Health Emergen...

Smartphones, today, come equipped with a wide variety of sensors and high-speed processors that can capture, process, store, and communicate different types of data. Coupled with their ubiquity in recent years, these devices show potential as practical and portable healthcare monitors that are both cost-effective and accessible. To this end, this s...

Dengue fever, also known as break-bone fever, can be life-threatening. Caused by DENV, an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family, dengue is currently a globally important public health problem. The clinical methods available for dengue diagnosis require skilled supervision. They are manual, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and not affordable to com...

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-A can present similar symptoms. Computer-aided diagnosis can help facilitate screening for the two conditions, and may be especially relevant and useful in the current COVID-19 pandemic because seasonal Influenza-A infection can still occur. We have developed a novel text-based classification model for discriminating betwee...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare type of blood cancer caused due to the overproduction of lymphocytes by the bone marrow in the human body. It is one of the common types of cancer in children, which has a fair chance of being cured. However, this may even occur in adults, and the chances of a cure are slim if diagnosed at a later stage....

Cardiac pacemakers are used in the treatment of patients with symptomatic bradycardia. The pacemaker paces the heart at the predetermined rate to maintain uninterrupted cardiac activity. Usually, pacemaker lead will be connected to the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) in dual-chamber pacemaker implantation and RV alone in single-chamber p...

Recently, a mix of traditional and modern approaches have been proposed to detect brain abnormalities using bio‐signal/bio‐image‐assisted methods. In hospitals, most of the initial/scheduled assessments consider the bio‐signal‐based appraisal, due to its non‐invasive nature and low cost. Further, brain bio‐signal scans can be recorded using a singl...

Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is highly endemic in countries located in tropical regions. It can cause severe complications and can even lead to death in the case of delayed diagnosis. Detection of dengue is done by manually examining the platelets and lymphocytes in Leishman's stained peripheral blood smear (PBS) images. PBS examination is...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal electrical activity of neurons affecting a small or large area of the brain. Epilepsy is categorized into focal epilepsy and generalized epilepsy. Focal epilepsy is due to abnormal electrical activity that effects the smaller brain sections, whereas in generalized epilepsy the larger sec...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that occurs due to the abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, thus affecting the patient's personality, behavior and day-to-day routine. Epilepsy can be broadly classified into generalized epilepsy and focal epilepsy. Focal epilepsy occurs due to abnormal electrical discharges in the smaller section of the...

Epilepsy is a chronic illness of the brain characterized by recurring seizure attacks. Electroencephalogram (EEG) can record the electrical activity of the brain and is extensively used to analyze and diagnose epileptic seizures. However, the EEG signals are highly non-linear and chaotic and are difficult to analyze due to their small magnitude. He...

Depression is a mental disorder that negatively affects the day to day activities of a patient. Diagnosing depression is of paramount importance to reduce suffering for the patient and support network. Electroencephalograph (EEG) signal variations can indicate neurological diseases associated with mental trauma. EEG being a non-invasive technique,...

Alcoholism is a complex condition that mainly disturbs the neuronal networks in Central Nervous System (CNS). This disorder not only disturbs the brain, but also affects the behavior, emotions, and cognitive judgements. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a valuable tool to examine the neuropsychiatric disorders like alcoholism. The EEG is a well-estab...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder that may continue through adolescence and adulthood. Hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity are the key behavioral features observed in children with ADHD. ADHD is normally diagnosed only when a child continues to have symptoms of hyperactivity, im...

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the hazardous heart disease which results in angina, Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). CAD is a cardiac disorder in which a plague develops in the interior wall of the arteries resulting in blockage of blood reaching to the heart muscles. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the cardiac signal...

Neurological and Psychological disorders are affecting large number of people worldwide disturbing their personality, behavior and day to day routine. Neurological disorders occur due to abnormalities in the central and the peripheral nervous system whereas damage or improper functioning of the brain causes psychological disorders. Early and non-in...

Depression is a mental disorder that relates to a state of sadness and dejection. It also affects the emotional and physical state of a person. Currently, there are no standard diagnostic tests for depression that are able to produce conclusive results and more over the symptoms of depression are hard to diagnose. A lot of people who are suffering...

Depression is a mental disorder that affects emotional and physical state of a person. It is a state of extreme sadness and dejection. The electroencephalographic (EEG) signals can be used to detect the alterations in the brain's electrochemical potential. The highly irregular and complex EEG signal variations can be determined by different process...

Epilepsy is a chronic electrophysiological disorder characterized by repetitive seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals represent the dynamic condition of the brain. Variations in the EEG signals cannot be predicted by ocular examination. Thus, signal processing methods are used to extract the hidden information from the EEG signals. In this w...

Epilepsy is a chronic electrophysiological disorder characterized by repetitive seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals represent the dynamic condition of the brain. Variations in the EEG signals cannot be predicted by ocular examination. Thus, signal processing methods are used to extract the hidden information from the EEG signals. In this w...

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by neuropsychological and behavioral deficits. Cognitive impairment, lack of social skills, and stereotyped behavior are the major autistic symptoms, visible after a certain age. It is one of the fastest growing disabilities. Its current prevalence rate in t...

Abstract Autism is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the memory, behavior, emotion, learning ability, and communication of an individual. An early detection of the abnormality, due to irregular processing in the brain, can be achieved using electroencephalograms (EEG). The variations in the EEG signals cannot be deciphered by mere vis...

Upper limb rehabilitation concentrates on restoring the operations of arms, hands and fingers. This integrated measuring device is in the form of a glove which records the force exerted for fine motor activities and hence indicates to the physiotherapist who guides the patient to regulate the force as per the need and thus avoid applying unwanted s...

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrence seizures. Alcoholism causes organic changes in the brain, resulting in seizure attacks similar to epileptic fits. Hence, it is challenging to differentiate the cause of fits as epileptic or alcoholism, which is important for deciding on the treatment in the neurology ward. The f...

This paper reviews various nonlinear analysis methods for physiological signals. The assessment is based on a discussion of chaos-inspired methods, such as fractal dimension (FD), correlation dimension (D2), largest Lyapunov exponet (LLE), Renyi's entropy (REN), Shannon spectral entropy (SEN), and approximate entropy (ApEn). We document that these...

The unpredictability of the occurrence of epileptic seizures makes it difficult to detect and treat this condition effectively. An automatic system that characterizes epileptic activities in EEG signals would allow patients or the people near them to take appropriate precautions, would allow clinicians to better manage the condition, and could prov...