Murali Sankar Perumal

During COVID, global wide peoples realized the importance of natural food sources and their pharmacological values and now it has been used widely. It retained the previous decades of healthy human livelihood and attention created on conventional foods and medicines. From human evolution, mushrooms played a most unique role in food and medicine. Am...

During the evolution of civilization, humans generated the food from farming. Since then, his food habits including nutritional necessities have changed. Today, consumptive manners are highly diversified and cause several diseases and spoil the natural immune characteristics. Out of this background, this chapter delivers about the ‘bacterial single...

Ganoderma species are a large and diverse genus of wood-rotting fungi that are found worldwide. It is made up of species that cause white rot on a wide variety of tree species. It has a long history of use as a medicinal mushroom in Asia and contains a variety of pharmacological properties associated with immunomodulatory action. It grows on decayi...

The use of redundant quantity of phosphorus (P) fertilizers to develop the production and productivity of food, to meet out the global food demand, depletion of soil fertility, groundwater contamination, or eutrophication and accumulation of high concentration of toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in the soil. Several groups of s...

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Till now, the agricultural production and management practices were questionable ones due to the severe losses incurred by pathogens and its potential of survival, colonization and disease prevalence. In these situations, a new adopted eco-based and affordable practice "using synthetic elicitors" plays a vital role in crop protection. Keeping this...

Thinking of fruit crops, we only remembering the mango, banana, grapes like etc., except amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.). Amla is one of the important unfamiliarized therapeutic potential fruit from the rainfed zone globally. Mostly it contains vitamin C, fiber and water with the least amount of fats. It is mostly recommended for jaundice, urinal dis...

Introduction:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum M.) is an important vegetable crop in the global level for its nutrient sources and easily available in the markets also. In spite of the current situation the production strategy went down due to biotic stress of early blight disease on field conditions. This caused the most tragic issues on tomato farmers...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legume crop in the world and mostly cultivated during the cool winter season (Nov-Feb) in India. In recent, chickpea production and yield drastically reduced in India due to abnormal monsoonal rainfall distribution and soil conditions has been changed due to several improper management of f...

Dear contributors (Scientists, Researchers, Scholars), its a full focusing of pulses production and its status in food and agriculture. So, those are interested please contribute it, we always welcome you. (muralisankar58@gmail.com: Any Queries?)

Book Chapter Invitation - All authors, researcher, scholars of Agricultural Science read the invitation and contribute it.

All man-made science-based inventions play an important role in human’s livelihood and environment. Out of these, artificial intelligence (AI) is one of them. It plays a tremendous role in several day-to-day activities from wakeup to sleep. In recent years, artificial intelligence has been involved or employed in agricultural sectors by multi-ways...

In crop production the plant growth and development vitally depend on the presence of nutrients, their concentrations and distribution in the soil. Crops were often facing challenges in obtaining an adequate supply of nutrients for their biological activities viz., seed emergence, vegetative growth, flowering, seed formation, fruit setting and sene...

Nowadays, mushrooms are new generation foods with several recipes for its nutritional values. But mushroom growers faced a several tragic issues in farm level to marketing level by yield reduction, suddenly whole unit of mushroom spoilage with unknown reasons and very low marketing returns due to biotic, abiotic and improper practices of mushroom g...

Mushrooms are spore bearing fungi, mostly used as food and medicine globally. They are highly water, crude proteins, digestible fibers, essential elements and without fat. Worldwide, mushroom cultivation plays a subordinate income role in farmers during cultivation of main crops or it fails. In these situations, mushroom cultivation is faced severa...

Banana (Musa spp.) is a cheapest and highly nutritive fruit crop around the world, because of the massive presence of edible fibres and soluble nutrients like, K, Ca, and P. Globally, 21.0 % of banana production was contributed by India, with cvs. like diploid (AB), Cavendish (AAA) and triploid (ABB) of more than 20 varieties. In India, mostly, ban...

Our children are mostly suffering from in malnutrition and unavailability of good nutritional foods and changing food habits from traditional to modern. These factors highly influenced the children’s health and provided poor immunity by nature. We forgot the important legumes and their nutritional values. Especially chickpea (C. arietinum L.);...

Every day, an unknown happens are actived in the world. When it’s for better livelihood it has been promboted otherwise it would be prohibited. The psychoactive or magic mushrooms are present in the human’s absence areas. During traditional periods, these mushrooms were used as spiritual and recreational purpose in global level. They had sever...

During this Covid period, some fungal disease "Mucormycosis" was caused tragic incidence to human health and life. This disease was caused by mold or rot fungi Mucor spp. and given death also. These species are belonged under order of Mucorales. Under this order, more than 50 spp. were played an important role in causing diseases with severely in g...

In today, science has developed in all the sectors around global wide, but the starvation, nutrient deficiencies, new emerging diseases and mortality were increased due to population growth rate, land degradation, soil nutrient loss and insufficient level of food sources and highest demand. Under these situations, global level scientific visio...

Finger millet blast is the most devastating disease affecting different aerial parts of the plant at all growth stages starting from seedling to grain formation. The efficacy of bacterialbiocontrol agents on the growth and yield of finger millet and blast disease under field conditionsfound that the seed treatment with P. fluorescens Pf1 at 10 g/kg...

During green revolution, the production was increased in all food crops and attained sustainable state due to the mechanization, application of hybrid varieties, high usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These strategies are highly impacted on food security by causing soil infertility, crop diversities, changes in the cropping pattern, gen...

Forty four field collected isolates of Pseudomonas and Bacillus and two laboratory cultures of bacterial biocontrol agents, Pseudomonas and Bacillus isolates were tested on inhibition of mycelial growth of M. grisea. Out of twenty six isolates, nine Pseudomonas isolates viz., Pf1, FmP3, FmP4, FmP6, FmP9, FmP17, FmP21, FmP22, FmP23 and four Bacillus...

One of the major challenges facing by investigators of ecologists, biologists, and microbiologists is to study the microbiome diversity analysis in several fields viz., agriculture, medicine, and life sciences, for better outcomes for the enhancement of life on earth. There are numerous tools available for sequencing (NGS [next-generation sequencin...

Finger millet blast is the most devastating disease affecting different aerial parts of the plant at all growth stages starting from seedling to grain formation. Magnaporthe grisea being a ubiquitous pathogen with many hosts, understand the basis for host pathogen interaction and role of toxins will be useful in development of resistant varieties a...

Nematode borne viruses a black page in crop protection, because it was happened due to avoid the gathering knowledge and lack in this area. Naturally, two families of nematodes viz., Trichodoridae and Longidoridae transmitted the viruses like tobravirus and nepovirus. Both type of nematodes transmitted the viruses by their specialized form of feedi...

Mushrooms, its a natural gift for all living things, because it was a highly lifetime potential and very useful to several ways like, Pharma industries, Agriculture and Allied industries with food sector also. We do not know the full bio-ecological surveillance, biology of mushrooms and its uses. In this book described about importance, biology and...

In globally, the population was increasing a rapid manner with 3.5%/ten years. In India, 1947-2020, regarding population from 0.3-1.25 billion. But our production is increased only during the period of green revolution after attained a stagnant position. In last 25 years, production was stabled conditions. During every year, agricultural durables a...

Last three years, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production was drastically reduced due to failure of flowering and pod formation by the new outbreak of chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) incidence in chickpea. CpCDV is a monopartite ssDNA virus under genus of Mastrevirus with family of Geminiviridae with genome size of 2.8 kb. It has wide host range and...

Now a days, vegetables prices are hiked daily due to reduction in area of cultivation, poor storage and low distribution. Carrot (D. carota L. var. sativus) is one of the most important edible root vegetables around the world and cultivated in temperate zones. Currently, its production and distribution were retarded due to postharvest decay. This i...

In mango physiological disorders like flower drop, malformation, under skin browning (USB) and resin canal discolouration (RCD) were caused by nutritional insufficient and improper management practices during harvesting to storage. Among them, resin canal discolouration (RCD) was formed from exocarp (skin) to fleshy fruit portion (mesocarp) region....

In recent days, a virus COVID-19 is act as a global threat to human beings and causing great impact in changes of livelihood around the world. Under this condition, Indian farmers met with invasion of desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) in Rajasthan, Punjab and Gujrat it produces breakup the chain in food security. Naturally, this pest is a polyp...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop in the world. In global wide, it was cultivated during rabi season (Nov-Feb). Under India, it was cultivated during cool winter season mostly depending upon rainfall and dew distribution. In Tamil Nadu, mostly northwestern districts are considered as chickpea belt. Regularly crop period, wil...

First report of Chlorotic Stunt Disease (CSD) incidence in Tamil Nadu

Fusarium spp. are pre-dominant soilborne pathogen group attacks more than 150 important agricultural crops. It causing diseases viz., wilt, root rot and blight on economic and edible crops. Under field and laboratory diagnosis, Fusarium spp. were identified on 63 %, 27% and remaining 10% through morphological, molecular and both characterizations....

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is affected by many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among the fungal diseases, Fusarium wilt caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is a major soil borne disease of tomato causing severe yield loss. A study was undertaken for the management of this disease by integrated disease management...

Firmicutes is one of the most important beneficial bacterial (group or phylum) in all ecosystem of the world. Mostly it consisted with two basic groups viz., Clostridia (anaerobic) and Bacilli (facultative aerobes). In crop rhizoplane region Bacilli group of bacterial communities were dominated and beneficial to crop yield and disease management du...

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is an important ubiquitous soilborne pathogen causing wilt in chickpea. Analysis of disease prevalence in Tamil Nadu, during Rabi season it dominated than other soil pathogens and causing yield loss from 10-43% in chickpea on regular varieties. So, the present study was carried out for during Rabi (2015-17), relati...

The Gamma proteobacteria group of rhizobacteria were dominant gram negative growth promoting rhizobacteria in broad soil ecosystem and highly. Because they are especially producing antibiotic compounds and secondary metabolites against too wide group of soil borne pathogens. In the present study, totally ten different isolates (CPs1-CPs10) were iso...

In this paper, volatile compounds from leaf, neck and finger blast plant samples of ragi infected with Magnaporthe grisea were investigated. The presence of volatile compounds were detected by using Thinlayer chromatography(TLC) in the infected plant extract of leaf, neck and finger blast at different bands indicating various retention factor (Rf)...

Chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is one of the most important cool season legume crop in the world. In every year, chickpea production and yield (10-40%) was drastically reduced due to wilt disease at ramification to podding stage by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. It was regularly managed through cultural practices, selection of resistant cultivars, fungic...

Chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is one of the most important cool season legume crop in the world and mostly cultivated during November-February under rainfed conditions. In Tamil Nadu, chickpea was cultivated in an area of 6820 hectares with a production of 4177 tonnes and a productivity of 645 Kg / ha. During Rabi, 2015-18 chickpea production (10-40%...

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important vegetable fruit crop in global wide. It was highly cultivated for their easily available nutritional compounds and digestible fibre. In Tamil Nadu, tomato production was around 2, 82, 912 tonnes / year and mostly that production was drastically reduced 10-40% due to wilt during flo...

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important vegetable fruit crop in global wide. It was highly cultivated for their easily available nutritional compounds and digestible fibre. In Tamil Nadu, tomato production was around 2, 82, 912 tonnes / year and mostly that production was drastically reduced 10-40% due to wilt during flo...

A total of 24 blast infected samples were collected from major finger millet growing areas of Tamil Nadu and also from All India Coordinated Small Millets Improvement Project Centres (ICAR) in India. Pathogenicity test with Magnaporthe grisea isolates showed highly significant differences in virulence on the variety KM 252 in the severity of leaf b...

Chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is one of the most important cool season legume crop in the world. In India, it was mostly cultivated during November-February under rainfed conditions. Growth and yield of chickpea is highly depending upon the soil nutritional status and beneficial microbial interaction in crop rhizosphere. In the present study was carri...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the important vegetable crop in global wide. In Tamil Nadu, tomato production was around 2, 82, 912 tonnes / year and mostly that production was drastically reduced due to wilt during ramification to fruit formation stage. So, the yield loss occurred at 10-40% in cropping stage. In the present study was ca...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legume crop in India and cultivated on during November (Rabi) season. It‟s a cool winter pulse crop and their yield was drastically reduced due to soil borne disease of Fusarium wilt. In the present study, an extensive survey was conducted in major chickpea growing areas of Tamil Nadu durin...

In the present study, the three rhizobacterial strains (CPs3, CBs5 and Pf1) and fungal antagonists (CTs2 and Tv1) were evaluated against Fusarium wilt of chickpea under glasshouse and field conditions. Among all the treatments the strain CPs3 (Pseudomonas chlororaphis) has recorded highest germination (100%) and yield parameters viz., yield of 1194...

Chickpea (C. arietinum) was cultivated during Rabi season (Nov-Feb) on mostly under rainfed conditions in western districts of Tamil Nadu. The rhizo-competence bacterial species had highly diversified and it makes a positive correlation with plant growth and suppression the severity of soil borne diseases. In the present study was carried out for b...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of most important grain legume crop in the world. In India, chickpea cultivated on cool winter season (Rabi) under rainfed conditions. During this period, crop was not under irrigated condition and only depending on rainfall, relative humidity, atmospheric and soil temperature also. Sothat conditions, Fusarium w...

An extensive survey conducted on two consecutive years (2015-17), chickpea (C. arietinum L.) production was drastically reduced due to unfavourable climatic conditions were associated with disease incidence of wilt (37.3-57.6%). In this conditions, selection of climatic adopted resilient varieties were essential for increasing in production and it’...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important cool season legume crop in India. Its production and yield loss were reduced due to wilt pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. In the present study was carried out for the predominant beneficial extremophilic Bacillus species population diversity in chickpea rhizosphere. Totally ten rhizoba...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legume crop in India and cultivated on during November (Rabi) season. It’s a cool winter season pulse crop and prominently their production was reduced due to biotic and abiotic stresses. In Tamil Nadu, chickpea was cultivated in four major districts viz., Coimbatore, Dindigul, Dharmapuri a...

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris a ubiquitous soil and seed borne pathogen in nature and it caused severe yield loss from seedling to harvesting stage in several agricultural crops. Especially it causes wilt disease in legume crop of chickpea and yield loss upto 40-90%. In this study, totally six plant defense activators viz., Bion, salicylic acid...

Antagonistic rhizobacteria, more specifically Pseudomonas and Bacillus sp. were known to control the soilborne diseases of pulse crops. In this study, twenty rhizobacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of major chickpea growing areas of Tamil Nadu and screenedas potential biological control agents against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, causual agent...

Antagonistic rhizobacteria, more specifically Pseudomonas and Bacillus sp. were known to control the soilborne diseases of pulse crops. In this study, twenty rhizobacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of major chickpea growing areas of Tamil Nadu and screened as potential biological control agents against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, causual agen...

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is a ubiquitous seed and soil borne pathogen in several crops. It survives in the soil without host from several years. To manage the wilt pathogen is such as a difficult in crop management. The rhizobacteria as grouped under two categories by the cultural, morphological and biochemical characters. Ten isolates (CP...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) contributes 18% of the global production of grain legume and provides as an important source of dietary protein for living things. The area and production of chickpea has been reduced due to several abiotic and biotic factors. Among them soil borne pathogen of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing severe yield loss now a...

Beneficial microbes group of rhizobacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. can serve as, PGPR and biological antagonists against with plant pathogens and can increase plant resistance through primed seeds. This study aimed to determine the activity of Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. in promoting germination and seedling growth of tomato...