Mukhyaprana Prabhu

Manipal Academy of Higher Education | MAHE · Department of Medicine

Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the major public health problems worldwide among postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Lifestyle modification interventions along with pharmacotherapy help to revert bone loss and prevent complications. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal from January 2019 to December...

Introduction and Aim: Various biochemical and hematological variables are important for predicting the progression of diabetes to diabetic complications, analyzing health-economic status, and examining the effectiveness of antidiabetic agents. The aim of this study is to find the association between clinical variables and type 2 diabetes, diabetic...

Background: Depression, anxiety and stress are common neuropsychiatric complaints in patients with SLE. Early diagnosis and treatment will subsequently improve the quality of life. Poor sleep quality significantly impaired health-related quality of life in SLE patients. Our study aims to address the correlation between mental health, sleep quality...

Background and aims: There is a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of patients newly detected to have diabetes (NDD) who recovered from COVID-19 in India whilst comparing NDD with patients without diabetes (ND) and those who have known to have diabetes (KD) i...

Introduction and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in India is continuously on the rise owing to the socioeconomic changes the country is undergoing. In order to minimise the mortality due to cardiovascular disease, early detection and control of modifiable risk factors i...

Background: The different anthropometric indices have different predictive values of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in various populations. Since obesity is a common cause of NAFLD and diabetes, therefore, it is critical to correlate the various anthropometric indices as a risk factor in terms of NAFLD and diabetes in the Indian populati...

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a cardiovascular disease which is related to mortality and morbidity among the Indians predominantly in the older age group. But, recently CAD has been found more often in young population. Hence, our study aims to observe the outcomes based on various categories of high density lipoprotein (HDL) choles...

Here in we report a diagnostically challenging case of adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) triggered by disseminated tuberculosis and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-infection in an immunocompetent Individual. She was a young female presented with complaints of fever, abdominal pain and jaundice. Her evaluation showed cytopenias, hyperbilirubin...

Aim: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major public health problem around the world. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in India. Materials and methods: This review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. W...

Introduction and Aim: Raised cardiovascular morbidity is common among patients with primary hypothyroidism. Study of electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) and correlation with lipid profile may help in early detection of cardiovascular diseases in hypothyroidism. By this study, we aimed at studying the cardiovascular profile in patien...

Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Dyslipidaemia along with pro-inflammatory state forms major risk factors for development of CAD. The Framingham heart study findings showed that low levels of HDL-C (HDL-cholesterol) has an associated increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, but this...

BACKGROUND: TB is commonly categorised as pulmonary (PTB) or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Knowledge of TB disease patterns (PTB and/or EPTB) and determining risk factors remains limited.METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in Indian patients with presumed TB. Clinical and imaging data were used to develop...

Introduction: : Vaccines are the most critical tool currently available to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Fast-track approval by regulatory authorities has led to serious concerns on the perception of COVID-19 vaccines' safety among the public. The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of COVID-19 vaccines are minor localized reactions, while s...

Background: Inflammatory markers have a crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, an ideal treatment for T2DM should exert multidimensional beneficial effects for the management of diabetes. Metformin, being a first-line therapy for T2DM, has proved to have an excellent hypoglycemic effect, but...

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), also known as Type 2 familial dyslipidemia is a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. Elevated LDL cholesterol levels leads to ischemic heart disease in younger age group. FH is well known to cause deposition of cholesterol in muscle tendons causi...

The magnitude of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is ever-increasing in India, and at present, ~77 million people live with diabetes. Studies have established that T2DM increases the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to determine the age-related prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in T2DM patients in the Indian populati...

Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a rare metabolic disorder of oxidation of amino acids and fatty acids with an autosomal recessive inheritance. Patients usually present symptoms of MADD in the neonatal period, though it can also be diagnosed in the late adulthood. We present a 36-year-old male with MADD who had sensory axonal ne...

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X linked recessive genetic disorder caused by an abnormality in the ABCD1 gene on the X chromosome, that affects 1 in 20 000 people. In X linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a defect in lignoceroyl-coenzyme A ligase causes pathognomonic tissue accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the adrenal corte...

Introduction and Aim:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)and Framingham score (FRS) are two important scores used for the prediction of coronary events in an individual.Both of these scores do not account for certain known predisposing factors such as BMI, duration of diabetes, LDL cholesterol and glycemic index levels among type 2 diabet...

Background: More than half portion of the brain is formed by lipids. They play critical roles in maintaining the brain's structural and functional components. Any dysregulation in these brain lipids can lead to cognitive dysfunction which are associated with neurological disorders such as Alz-heimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, va...

Background More than half portion of the brain is formed by lipids. They play critical roles in maintaining the brain's structural and functional components. Any dysregulation in these brain lipids can lead to cognitive dysfunction which are associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, vasc...

Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), being one of the most common causes of dyslipidemia is hazardous and predisposing factor leading to increased risk of atherosclerosis and acute pancreatitis. Various genetic disorders leading to disordered metabolism of triglycerides result into primary HTG. We are reporting a case of a 49-year-old non-diabetic ma...

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) are the primary cause of mortality worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the as‑sociations of serum fibrinogen and plasma D‑dimer levels with angiographic severity of atherosclerotic lesions as well as the presence of in‑hospital complications and complications at 30‑day follow‑up in patients with...

Infective endocarditis (IE) refers to an infection involving the endocardial surface of the heart. Most of the cases of IE are known to occur due to infection by viridans Streptococci or Staphylococci species. Abiotrophia defectiva is known to cause less than 1% of cases of IE. Though rare, this organism can cause life-threatening complications suc...

Neuromyelitis optica is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It involves the immune-mediated demyelination of predominantly the optic nerves and the spinal cord, which can lead to optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, respectively. Patients usually present with symptoms related to the eyes or the spinal cord, like loss of visio...

Introduction Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used widely for the treatment of breast cancer. Apart from its common adverse reactions such as endometrial cancer, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, there are very few reports about its ability to cause vasculitis. Case report A 45-year-old woman who underwent modified radica...

Context: Ability of SAAG to differentiate malignant ascites from other aetiologies like tubercular peritonitis is a major problem. Alternate screening test is needed for differentiating ascites due to malignancy from those due to tubercular peritonitis. Aims: To study the diagnostic utility of serum ascites lipid gradients and serum ascites prot...

Purpose: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of multimodal interventions on medication nonadherence, quality of life (QoL), hypertension (HTN), self-efficacy, and clinical outcome in terms of blood pressure (BP) among elderly people with HTN. Methods: An experimental design using a randomized controlled trial was adopted (N=80+80). T...

Weil syndrome is a fulminant form of leptospirosis, usually caused by spirochetal organism Leptospira interrogans. It is characterized by icterus, petechial rashes over the body, signs of renal failure and hepatic failure. Anaemia is a usual manifes- tation of Leptospira infection, but autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is rare. We report a patient with...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder commonly seen in females characterized by multisystem inflammation with the production of an array of antibodies. Hematological disturbances are common in SLE specifically autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) which results from the development of autoantibodies directed against anti...

Rheumatodermatology is an area of clinical medicine, wherein rheumatological and dermatological features dominate in various connective tissue disorders. It can occur as a systemic rheumatic disease where there is major skin manifestation, inflammatory arthropathies, or complications of immunological dysfunction caused by the rheumatological condit...

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implemented periodic safety update report (PSUR) system in our hospital via PSUR function assessment questionnaire (PFAQ) vetted by Delphi panel and by comparing frequency and rate of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting for three highly prescribed drugs. An PFAQ was validated by Delphi panel...

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory disorder affecting mainly the women. Almost half of the SLE patients have gastrointestinal involvement. SLE associated gastrointestinal symptoms are life-threatening, therefore they should be treated immediately. Acute pancreatitis is considered as one of the rarerest complic...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, debilitating illness of aged population which causes consequential mortality and morbidity. The purpose of the study was to examine the qualitative research focused on lived experiences of COPD patients. Focus of the study was qualitative meta-synthesis on research integration by combining t...

Introduction: Adherence to antihypertensives is not to be assumed just because people seek help. It is a complex issue and requires individualised care. Individuals above the age of 60 years have double the risk of cardiovascular diseases for each rise in 20 mmHg Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) or 10 mmHg Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP). Aim: To ident...

Oseltamivir is a viral neuraminidase enzyme inhibitor commonly prescribed for prevention and management of influenza. Common adverse effects of oseltamivir are gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and pain abdomen; others are headache, insomnia, cough, skin rashes, and sadness. In 2006, US Food and Drug Administration a...

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) includes hemorrhage originating from the esophagus to the ligament of Treitz. It is a gastrointestinal emergency that can result in significant morbidity, mortality, along with laborious utilization of health-care resources. With the advent of definite management protocols, the recent trends have revealed that...

Objective: Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and the emergence of strains with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycinwarrants alternative therapy. Hence, we tested the potential efficacy of the natural compound berberine hydrochloride (BBRHCl) against toxigenicC. difficile.Methods: Three representative polymerase chain...

Introduction.Vibrio furnissii is a motile, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, halophilic bacteria first defined in 1977. It is ubiquitously present in marine environments and is one of the 11 non-cholera Vibrio species pathogenic in humans, which can lead to human gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal manifestations. Case presentation. A 73-year-old f...

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is very rare in parasitic and rickettsial infection. Here we report a case of Plasmodium falciparum and scrub typhus mixed infection, presented with quadriparesis. Clinical, Serological, CSF analysis and Nerve Conduction Studies were consistent with Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (variant of GBS). After admi...

Objective: To compare the efficacy and adverse drug reactions of monotherapy and combination therapy of antihypertensive drugs in diabetic hypertensive patients. Methods: A prospective observational study of 18 months duration was conducted in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care hospital in South India. A total of 200 patients were includ...

Objective: Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and the emergence of strains with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin warrants alternative therapy. Hence, we tested the potential efficacy of the natural compound berberine hydrochloride (BBRHCl) against toxigenic C. difficile. Methods: Three representative polymerase ch...

Increase in Clostridium difficile infection in tertiary-care hospitals in Karnataka, South India with a paucity of data on antibiotic susceptibility and genetic characteristics of the pathogen from this region of the country necessitated this study. From April 2012 to December 2014, 480 hospitalized antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases with a histo...

Arteriovenous malformation is described as an abnormal connection between arteries and veins bypassing the capillaries. Ten percent of the AV malformations of central nervous system are seen in the brain stem and spinal cord. There are 4 types of spinal AV malformations depending on the anatomic location. Type 3 or juvenile AVMs are seen in both ex...

Necrotising fasciitis is one of the fatal skin and soft tissue infections. Vibrio vulnificus is a rare cause of necrotising fasciitis; however, the disease is one of the major manifestations of the bacteria. Here, we report one such case in a middle-aged male patient. He presented with the signs of bilateral lower limb cellulitis and altered sensor...

Background The cardiovascular effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, when added to standard care in patients with type 2 diabetes, remains unknown. Methods In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk to receive liraglutide or placebo. The primary composite outcome...

Objective: To study the relation between hs-CRP level and angiographic severity of the lesion in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). and hs-CRP level and in-hospital complications and complications on 30 day follow up of patients with ACS Methods: Prospective Cross sectional study conducted in KMC hospital tertiary care referral hospital , Manipal unive...

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common in geriatrics due to physiological alterations/pathological conditions. The main objective of this study was to analyze the incidence, causative organisms, types of antibiotics used, drug interactions, the antibiotic cost, and its outcome. Method: This is across-sectional study conducted...

Historically, temporal lobe encephalitis is considered as a pathognomonic feature of Herpes simplex encephalitis. This rule may not always be true and we believe that clinicians should keep their differential open. We here report once such. Case of a 36-year-old Indian male who developed altered sensorium following a prodrome of headache and fever....

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by irreversible and progressive limitation of expiratory airflow. COPD is now considered as a systemic disease with several extra-pulmonary manifestations which include osteoporosis, muscle weakness, arrhythmia, stroke, cancer etc. The role o...

Physiological variations & Polypharmacy of elderly show more ADR when compare with adult. Hence this study was carried out to see the incidence and type of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized elderly patients in a selected general medicine department. This was a cohort & a cross sectional study, conducted over a period of two years those who sat...

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAC) is the most common mycobacterial cause [after Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)] of an opportunistic disease in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with low CD4+ cell count. We report a case of disseminated MAC disease in a 46-year-old retropositive pati...