Muhammad Wali Waheed

Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust | RLUH

Background: Low- and middle-income countries contribute to the majority of dementia and mild cognitive impairment cases worldwide, yet cognitive tests for diagnosis are designed for Western cultures. Language and cultural discrepancies mean that translated tests are not always reliable or valid. We propose a model for culturally adapting cognitive...

Background: Cognitive tests currently used in healthcare and research settings do not account for bias in performance that arises due to cultural context. At present there are no universally accepted steps or minimum criteria for culturally adapting cognitive tests. We propose a methodology for developing specific guidelines to culturally adapt a...

Background: We aimed to devise a methodology on developing and implementing guidelines for culturally adapting any cognitive test. We demonstrated this through developing guidelines for culturally adapting the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Version III (ACE-III) and utilising them to develop an ACE-III Urdu for a British South Asian population...

Background: Cognitive tests currently used in healthcare and research settings do not account for bias in performance that arises due to cultural context. At present there are no universally accepted steps or minimum criteria for culturally adapting cognitive tests. We propose a methodology for developing specific guidelines to culturally adapt a s...

Objective: Identifying existing recruitment and methodological issues within dementia research conducted in UK studies that included ethnic minorities. Methods: We searched for and included any publication detailing dementia research in the UK that included any ethnic minority. The search results and all titles and abstracts were screened according...

Introduction: The prevalence of common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, is high and the demand for psychological interventions and talking therapies is increasing. In order to meet this need, it is necessary to explore alternative methods to deliver talking therapies. Training lay health workers (LHWs) to deliver psychological int...

Winner of the Stirling Award 2019 Background: There is no collation of information that details recruitment and methodological issues researchers face when including ethnic minorities within dementia research. Without such a compilation solutions to negate existing issues cannot be devised and future researchers may continue to face issues with no...

Winner of Best Research Methodology. Problem: The majority of cognitive tests were developed for English speaking European populations, standardised on Caucasians. Within the UK, ethnic minorities are demonstrating higher rates of false positive and negative scores on these cognitive tests. This leads to a misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of dementi...

Background: People from ethnic minorities are reported to have higher rates of physical illness (diabetes and ischemic heart disease) and mental disorders. Disparities relate not just to diagnosis, but also to care pathways and treatment outcomes. Despite this, they are underrepresented in clinical research. This reduces the generalisability of re...

Background: People from ethnic minorities are reported to have higher rates of physical illness (diabetes and ischemic heart disease) and mental disorders. Disparities relate not just to diagnosis, but also to care pathways and treatment outcomes. Despite this, they are underrepresented in clinical research. This reduces the gen-eralisability of re...

Background: People from ethnic minorities are reported to have higher rates of physical illness (diabetes and ischemic heart disease) and mental disorders. Disparities relate not just to diagnosis, but also to care pathways and treatment outcomes. Despite this, they are underrepresented in clinical research. This reduces the gen-eralisability of re...

Background: There is no collation of information that details recruitment and methodological issues researchers face when including ethnic minorities within dementia research. Without such a compilation solutions to negate existing issues cannot be devised and future researchers may continue to face issues with no protocol to measure their methodol...

Background The ACE-III, a gold standard for screening cognitive impairment, is restricted by language and culture, with no uniform set of guidelines for its adaptation. To develop guidelines a compilation of all the adaptation procedures undertaken by adapters of the ACE-III and its predecessors is needed. Methods We searched EMBASE, Medline and Ps...

This review provides a list all existing adaptations of the ACE, ACE-R and ACE-III until 2017 and is the only existing review of its kind. It provides a summary of which items of the assessment would most likely need to be culturally adapted in future and what steps could be undertaken to conduct a robust translation process of not just this assess...