Muhammad Umar

• MBBS, FCPS, FACG, AGAF, FRCP (London), FRCP (Glasg)
• Executive at Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Objective To determine the frequency of various hemorrhagic manifestations among patients presenting with different dengue clinical syndrome in tertiary care hospitals affiliated with Rawalpindi Medical University. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive hospital record-based research was carried out in three tertiary care hospitals (Holy Family Hosp...

Introduction: Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is becoming a problem for medical profession. Proton Pump Inhibitors are prescribed as first line therapy, but their prolonged use, mostly needed, causes achlorhydria leading to infections and anaemia, etc. Irregular dietary habit is reported to have strongest association with prevalence of GER...

The final year MBBS Medicine and Allied Block at Rawalpindi Medical University represents the culmination of undergraduate medical education. It spans 12 weeks and integrates theoretical knowledge with practical clinical skills, preparing students for the professional demands of medical practice. This program is structured into three modules, each...

The Pre-Annual Assessment (Send Up) for the final year MBBS Medicine & Allied block is a comprehensive evaluation designed to test students' knowledge, critical thinking, and practical application skills in a clinical setting. Conducted under the guidance of Prof. Muhammad Khurram, this assessment integrates key components from international examin...

Objectives: To appraise the e-logbook entries done by university residents of Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU) and to review the approval status of those entries by respective supervisors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done to appraise different categories of e-logbook entries done by the university residents and approval stat...

Objectives: To deeply analyze in-training assessment results of university residents and to compare the mean scores of the major training programs. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was done among 56 university residents who were enrolled in MS / MD training programs of Rawalpindi Medical University & Allied Hospitals. This was...

Background: Mortality and morbidity being healthcare indicators of any country need deliberation by the strategic planners for attaining the equal right for health by all people. Only this will enable any nation to have prompt well- being and hence achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Objectives: to determine age, gender and depar...

Background: Getting abridged with procedural skills is of utmost importance to our postgraduate trainees to ensure patients' safety and efficient delivery of healthcare services. Such skills are essential for diagnosing as well managing the patients. Objectives: To compare the procedural skills of university residents during 1st and 2nd cycle of ev...

Objectives: To determine effects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on postgraduate training undertaken by residents in teaching hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University in terms of academic achievements and work life balance. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 161 postgraduate residents undergoing t...

Hospital mortality reflects the quality of healthcare and is a tool to perceive department-wise variations in healthcare services. Objectives of this study are to determine age, gender and department-wise mortality reported during July and September 2022 at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi.

Objective To determine the PCR positive rate of COVID-19 in teaching hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University amid COVID pandemic. Material & Methods A cross-sectional hospital data based research was carried out by retrieving records of PCR tests done pertinent to COVID�19 in Holy Family Hospital and Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi affiliated...

Although cancers are primarily attributed to genetic mutations, but environmental factors one way or the other are also responsible for influencing the growth of cancerous cells. Objectives: To determine the frequency and diversity of the cases reported at Oncology care clinic of Holy Family Hospital. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descript...

Objective: To compare the bed occupancy rates of various departments of Holy Family Hospital during January 2022. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done to determine and compare the Bed Occupancy Rates (BOR) of January 2022 from numerous departments of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Medicine & Allied departments in ou...

Proposal to improve complicated diabetes patient management at Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU)

Dengue fever is a vector borne viral disease. It is more prevalent in Southeast Asia. The main symptoms include myalgia, nausea, vomiting and rash, hence, subsequently lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. In the current report, we are presenting a case of a 50-year-old female patient who was presented in hospital with the sym...

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the services of the endoscopy unit of a tertiary care health center in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The Center for liver and digestive diseases, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan Results: Approximately, 17.4%...

Objectives: To determine the frequency of unusual clinical presentations among dengue cases amidst dengue epidemic 2019. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 423 dengue cases who presented with atypical manifestations during dengue epidemic 2019. Data was collected from the files of dengue patient admitting...

Objective: To determine the association between serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels with different variables including Hepatocellular tumor size. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Center of Liver and Digestive Diseases, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Three hundred and thirty-four liver cirrhosis patients com...

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Ivermectin among COVID-19 patients in terms of mortality and biochemical / hematological attributes. Materials and Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was carried out in Department of Infectious Diseases (DID) of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi during March 2021 through concurrent parallel stu...

Objectives: To determine the comorbidities among the dengue patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi during the dengue epidemic of 2019. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done among 12,192 dengue cases who got admitted to three tertiary care hospitals (Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, and DH...

Objectives: To visualize the trend of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases who got registered at DHQ Hospital Rawalpindi during 2020. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive hospital record-based study was done to perceive the trend of COVID-19 at DHQ hospital during 2020. The data was gathered from hospital administrators through infor...

Objectives: To determine the monthly frequency of different diagnostic measures, therapeutic procedures and mortalities reported at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi during 2020. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital record-based descriptive study was done by securing data from administrators of Benazir Bhutto Hospital pertinent to the...

Objective To determine the frequency of various hemorrhagic manifestations among patients presenting with different dengue clinical syndrome in tertiary care hospitals affiliated with Rawalpindi Medical University. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive hospital record-based research was carried out in three tertiary care hospitals (Holy Family Hosp...

Introduction: With the advent of Chicago Classification v4.0, Ineffective Motility(IM) is no more considered a minor motility disorder. Rather with more stringent definition there is infect no place of minor disorders in this new classification system. If a patient fulfills the criteria of more than 70% ineffective or more than 50% absent swallows,...

Abstract: Introduction: With the advent of High resolution manometry(HRM) and standardization of findings through Chicago classification v.4.0. categorization of esophageal motility disorders has not only become easy but simultaneously more insight into the pathophysiology and inter-connection amongst different motility disorders is possible. Howev...

Objective: To determine the viewpoints of the faculty members about digital learning at Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU) during COVID pandemic. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during August 2020 among 89 faculty members of RMU with diverse designation. Data were collected by using digitally administered Go...

Objectives: To delineate the trend of OPD, emergency, diagnostic and procedural statistics 2020 of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi

Objectives: To compare the pattern of dermatological ailments managed during 2019 and 2020 at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi and to assess hospital statistics. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital record-based study was carried out by comparing the dermatological problems managed at BBH during 2019 and 2020. The data was collected...

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common reason for hospitalization across the world, with a Pakistan frequency of 17.5% and a death rate of 19%. Several risk assessment scores have been created to predict clinically relevant outcomes like survival the requirement for hospital-based care, re-bleeding and hospital stay length. Objec...

Background: Mortality data and infectivity ratio of infectious diseases are of paramount significance to the policy makers in order to limit the spread of infection. The present study is therefore aimed to determine and compare the COVID positivity ratio and mortality observed during 3 surges of COVID-19. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional hosp...

It is an overview of obstetrical and Family planning statistics 2020 of 3 tertiary care hospitals affiliated with Rawalpindi medical university Pakistan

Objectives: To overview COVID-19 scenario among healthcare workers in teaching hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research was done among 482 coronavirus infected healthcare professionals from three teaching hospitals (Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital and District Head Quarters...

Objectives: To determine the gender and age based disparities in side effects among healthcare workers in response to COVID-19 (Sinopharm) vaccination Subjects & Methods: Total 216 healthcare workers were vaccinated against COVID-19 by administering Sinopharm vaccine during February and March 2021 at Infectious Diseases Department of Holy Family H...

Background: Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease are poorly characterized around the globe. Data from Pakistan is lacking. Objective: To describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease in Pakistani population. Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread reaching the level of a pandemic disease. COVID-19 can affect differen...

Background: COVID-19 converted into a pandemic rapidly after its emergence in December of 2019. It belongs to the Corona family of viruses which have struck a few times before in history. Data based on previous research helped building relationships, which played a vital role in preventions and precautions during initial stages of this pandemic. S...

BACKGROUND COVID-19 became a pandemic rapidly after its emergence in December 2019. It belongs to the coronavirus family of viruses, which have struck a few times before in history. Data based on previous research regarding etiology and epidemiology of other viruses from this family helped played a vital role in formulating prevention and precautio...

Objective: To determine the viewpoints of undergraduate medical students pertinent to online education carried out by their teachers amid the COVID-19 pandemic Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during August 2020 in order to evaluate the teachers with respect to their online teaching. Google forms were electr...

Background: One of the ways to improve the standard of our medical education is to assess the quality of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) imparted in our undergraduate assessments. Objectives: To determine the difficulty index, discrimination index, distractor effectiveness and reliability of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) of Pathology attempted...

Objectives: To determine the demographic, clinical, hematological, histological and sonographic characteristics of chronic hepatitis C patients visiting Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan. Subjects & Methods: A retrospective hospital data based study (2006-2019) was carried out by collecting data of Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) from liver clin...

Results 28,208 study subjects presented with coronavirus associated symptoms and screened at filter clinics established in tertiary care and field hospitals affiliated and managed by Rawalpindi Medical University. Out of 4,106 suspected cases, 2119 were found to have confirmed COVID-19. Adequate number of beds and equipment including ventilators an...

Purpose: To determine the frequency of computer vision syndrome and its associated risk factors among under graduate medical students. Methods: A validated self-designed questionnaire was used for this study. The survey instrument was tailored from a published questionnaire which comprised of questions on demographics, frequency of symptoms of comp...

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of e-learning and hurdles confronted to the undergraduate medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University in continuation of academics during COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects & Methods: A survey was carried out during July 2020 to scrutinize the experience of 1041 medical students enrolled at Rawalpindi Medi...

Background: On account of the COVID-19 pandemic, many changes have been implicated in university medical students. We are cognizant that pandemic can be controlled with dedicated contributions from all involved in the healthcare profession. Therefore, it is important to know the pandemic and application of knowledge by the medical students to formu...

Background On account of the COVID-19 pandemic, many changes have been implicated in university medical students. We are cognizant that pandemic can be controlled with dedicated contributions from all involved in the healthcare profession. Therefore, it is important to know the pandemic and application of knowledge by the medical students to formul...

Department for Educational Development in collaboration with Department of Continuing Professional Education Department for Educational Development, Aga Khan University

e poster presentation at Department for Educational Development in collaboration with Department of Continuing Professional Education Aga Khan University Conference

An integrated model for developing research skills in an undergraduate medical curriculum: appraisal of an approach using Integrated Undergraduate Research Component and Student Research Components

The SWOC (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and challenges) analysis of e-learning at Rawalpindi Medical University during the period of COVID-19 pandemic was conducted.

Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals

Background: Asthma is a non-curable but preventable disease that can be controlled by a proper approach. Inhalational route is considered to be one of the fastest, non-invasive course for the management of asthma. Despite its importance, compliance towards proper inhalational technique remains quite low. Thus, United Kingdom guidelines and Global S...

Introduction: Chest X-ray and Computed tomography(CT) of chest play an important role in the diagnosis and management of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As chest CT may not be readily available in most clinical setups X-ray Chest plays a pivotal role in such clinical scenarios and an irreplaceable initial radiological investigation of these pat...

A detailed report on the how Rawalpindi Medical University prepared for the pandemic, executed its expansion plan, patient trends, mortality trends and more.

A brief analysis of deaths of COVID-19 at RMU and Allied Hospitals.

Objectives: To assess the COVID-19 associated fatalities with respect to demographics, comorbidity, critical illness, and length of hospital stay in tertiary care hospitals. Subjects & Methods: A retrospective hospital data-based research was done among 216 COVID-19 associated mortalities registered in 4 tertiary care hospitals Holy Family Hospita...

Over the past six months, the world has undergone drastic changes related to unprecedented emergence of deadly virus namely novel Coronavirus, COVID-19. Telemedicine service provides excellent platform for technology based remote patient care in the time of current pandemic crisis. It is emerging as an effective and sustainable solution if current...

A report on COVID-19 deaths at Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals.

Background: The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) begun as an outbreak in China in December 2019 and soon became a pandemic. The disease was previously unknown to humanity, hence its clinical aspects key to adequate assessment and management are yet evolving. An understanding to these is essential to ensure optimal patient directed care amid hig...

Rawalpindi Medical University has been treating patients of COVID-19 since the 18 th of March, when the flu filter clinic begun screening patients at the 3 Allied hospitals, Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital and District Headquarters Hospital. Since then we have experienced 2 separate peaks and troughs, the second of which is currently...

Objectives: To determine the level of depression, anxiety and stress with respect to age and gender among COVID-19 patients

Rawalpindi Medical University has been fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic since it reached Pakistan. A brief article on how RMU has dealt with the pandemic so far and what we have faced.

Objective: To gauge gender based difference in psychological distress among COVID-19 patients admitted at Rawalpindi

Background and Objective: COVID-19 has emerged as a serious threat to the public health. It has been declared as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) because of morbidity and mortality associated with it all over the world. The objective of the present study was to analyze COVID-19 related fatalities in terms of comorbidity, len...

This article is based on telemedicine services that were initiated at Rawalpinid Medical University Pakistan in order to optimized healthcare services amid COVID-19 pandemic

It is an Overview of Preliminary COVID-19 cases admitted in Rawalpindi Institute of Urology & Transplantation Pakistan

A simplified flowchart to ascertain cause of death

12/04/2020 Revision: This form are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

A brief infographic on the various patient trends of COVID-19 patients admitted at Rawalpindi Institute of Urology and Transplant, under the care of Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals.

Revision 6 - 26/03/2020. These forms are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

Revision 4 - 22/03/2020. These forms are developed for the community for awareness, lessen the burden on hospital and ensure better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modificat...

Revision 3 - 20/03/2020. These forms are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

Revised - 19/03/2020. These forms are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

This flowchart is designed for management of suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in view the novelty of COVID-19, the flowchart is subject to revisions and modifications as deemed necessary.

Revision 2 - 19/03/2020. These forms are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

These forms are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

This flowchart is designed for management of suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in view the novelty of COVID-19, the flowchart is subject to revisions and modifications as deemed necessary.

Revised - 18/03/2020. These forms are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

Revised - 18/03/2020. These forms are developed for better management of patients attending Flu Filter Clinics at the Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University. Keeping in mind the novelty of COVID-19 infection/illness, these forms are subject to revision and modification.

It is about cases of dengue presented during dengue epidemic 2019 in 3 tertiary care hospitals affiliated with Rawalpindi medical university.

Dengue Epidemic 2019 - Clinical and Operational Management

Introduction: Dengue Virus (DENV) is a mosquito borne virus responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from symptomatic diseases to potentially fatal Dengue Shock Syndrome 1. DENV has four serotypes DENV1-DENV4 2. Prior infection with another viral serotype results in secondary dengue infection and is known to be an important factor in inf...

Introduction: The SWOC (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges) analysis of e-learning at Rawalpindi Medical University during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University in June 20...

Introduction:The SWOC (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,and challenges) analysis of e-learning at Rawalpindi Medical University during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based study using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University in June 2020...

With the advent of High-resolution manometry(HRM) and standardization of findings through Chicago classification v.3.0. categorization of esophageal motility disorders has become easy but simultaneously mislabeling of diagnosis is also a fear. We share a case of a 36-year-old man who presented with dysphagia to solids and liquids for 6 months. His...

Malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous infectious disease first described in 1901 suggesting a condition with soft yellow friable plaque-like structures. The disease is thought to be due to impaired phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages leading to the accumulation of partially digested bacterias as “Michaelis-Gutmann Bodies”. Colonic malakoplaki...

Background: Dengue Expert Advisory Group (DEAG) guidelines are used for management of dengue patients in our scenario. It was observed in last consecutive dengue epidemics at Rawalpindi that some of the dengue shock syndrome (DSS) patients don’t improve unless modifications in DEAG guidelines are made. This study was conducted to evaluate modified...

NOn up-gradation of Rawalpindi Medical College to Rawalpindi Medical University on 5th May, 2017, Residency Program of Rawalpindi Medical University was launched to offer rigorous and vibrant postgraduate degree programs. Our University Residency Program entails MS, MD, M.Phil, PhD, Certificate and Diploma courses. These residency programs are me...

Introduction: Genotype 3 is the most prevalent genotype in Pakistan. Velptasvir and Sofosbuvir is currently the best possible available treatment in Pakistan and the generics are quite affordable but there is no real life local data regarding their efficacy. Materials and Methods: This open-label, non-randomized, uncontrolled study is carried out...

Aim: Genotype 3 is the most prevalent genotype in Pakistan. Despite a revolution in the treatment of Hepatitis C, genotype 3 is still thought to be difficult to treat genotype. The price of patent direct acting antivirals was thought to a great limiting factor especially for low income countries. In Pakistan low cost generics of daclatasvir and sof...

Program director guide is a comprehensive overview of all standard rules and regulations to be abide by postgraduate trainees. This guide reveals the duties of all faculty members along with salient healthcare personnel engaged in training program and promoting the health improvement of the nation at large. This document also throws light on evalua...

[en] Objective: To determine Vitamin D deficiency in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CLD), Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from August 2015 to February 2016 and included 120 Patients with CHC with or wit...

With the discovery of DAAs, the treatment of hepatitis C has improved a lot. But in this new era of DAAs several issues are also emerging. In this brief communication, we have tried to address the salient issues regarding DAAs.

Hepatitis C is one of the commonest public health problems with 130 million people infected worldwide and the burden is increasing. Previously, Interferon along with Ribavirin was the mainstay of treatment but it was associated with toxic side effects. An all-oral regimen with higher rates of sustained viral response (SVR), minimal side effects and...