Muhammad Saleh

University of Michigan | U-M · Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery is a reliable and safe method to improve maxillo-mandibular malformations. However, it is a complex procedure that can affect deeper structures and the terminal blood supply of specific areas, thereby affecting the results. Occasionally, despite careful digital planning and diagnosis, aesthetic complications may...

Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Determining tooth prognosis is critical in clinical practice to help both the clinician and patient understand the risks and benefits of treatment while shedding light on the patient's long-term periodontal pro...

Periodontitis is the most common chronic, inflammatory oral disease that affects more than half of the population in the United States. The disease leads to destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue called periodontium, which ultimately results in tooth loss if uncured. The interaction between the periodontal microbiota and the host immune cells r...

Background: Due to the clinical challenges involved in successfully treating peri-implantitis, it is imperative to identify patient- and implant-level risk factors for its prevention. The main goal of this retrospective longitudinal radiographic and clinical study was to investigate whether interproximal radiographic implant thread exposure after...

Introduction: One of the most challenging aspects of treating gingival recession type 3 (RT3) is reconstructing lost interdental papilla, which is directly related to the loss of interproximal bone. Free gingival graft (FGG) has been successfully used to increase the width of keratinized tissue (KTW) with minimal trauma to the interdental papilla;...

Purpose of Review To provide a comprehensive review of the practical implementations of the 2018 classification of periodontitis using the staging and grading system. Recent Findings The 2018 World Workshop Classification (2018 WWC) of periodontitis introduced the novel staging and grading system. This individualized framework combines the severit...

An innovative dental Research Patient Data Repositories (RPDRs) named BigMouth was successfully launched in August 2012 with data on more than 4.5 million patients seen in 11 dental schools (members of the Consortium of Oral Health Research and Informatics (COHRI))6. BigMouth provides the ability to build queries that target specific patient popula...

Background: This study introduced the root plastique technique (RPT), the aim of which is to modify the gingival phenotype of sites with gingival recessions (GRs) associated with Non-Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCLs) prior to surgical treatment. Methods: RPT was performed in 22 subjects with 53 RT1 A/B + GRs. Changes in keratinized tissue thickne...

Aim: To develop and validate logistic regression and artificial-intelligence based models for prognostic prediction of molar survival in periodontally-affected patients. Material and methods: Clinical and radiographic data from 4 different centers across 3 continents (2 in Europe, 1 in USA, and 1 in China) including 515 patients and 3157 molars...

Background: Tooth-level prognostic systems are valuable tools for treatment planning and risk assessment of periodontally involved teeth. Recently the Miller-McEntire prognosis index was found to outperform comparable systems. However, it had some limitations. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate the prognostic performance of a modified...

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods: A total of 30 patients with advanced periodontitis as determined by Clinical Periodontal Sum Score (CPSS) were recruited. Venous whole blood samples were drawn from to obtain serum samples were obtained fro...

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to clinically and histologically compare the amount and quality of bone gained after lateral ridge augmentation (LRA) procedures performed using small (250-1000μm) versus large (1000-2000μm) particle size cortico-cancellous bone allografts at 6 months following surgical intervention. Mater...

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare a flapless technique of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) to a flap technique, to determine if preserving the periosteal blood supply would limit loss of crestal ridge width and height. Materials and methods: Twenty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive ARP using eith...

Background: The vertical increase of the alveolar ridge dimension using allograft or xenograft mixed with autogenous bone graft and covered by a nonabsorbable high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membrane is well documented in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess vital mineralized tissue formation in vertical rid...

Prosthetic design is a critical step in implant treatment planning that must synchronize with implant positioning to promote a state of peri-implant health. Improperly designed prostheses may not only hinder patient (or professional) hygiene measures but also impact the ability of clinicians to examine the peri-implant supporting tissues for diagno...

Severe alveolar ridge deficiencies in concomitance with periodontal attachment loss can represent a serious clinical challenge in the context of implant therapy. The present case report describes the management of a complex defect in the esthetic zone via ridge augmentation and periodontal regenerative therapy using a biologic material. A systemica...

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different commonly used wound dressings in improving patient reported outcomes (PROMS) after free epithelialized mucosal grafts (FEGs) harvesting. Material and methods: Following 72 FEGs harvesting from 72 patients, patients were assigned into 4 groups. Control: collagen plug...

Background: The amount of initial physiological bone remodeling (IPBR) after implant placement varies and the ways it may play a role in peri-implantitis development remains unknown. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between the amount of IPBR during the first year of implant placement and incidence of peri-imp...

Background: Studies have examined the benefit of having keratinized peri-implant mucosa width with mixed results. Purpose: This study examines whether the lack of a prespecified (2 mm) amount of keratinized mucosa width (KMW) is a risk factor for peri-implant diseases. Methods: A systematic electronic and manual search of randomized or nonrand...

Background: Full thickness mucoperiosteal flap (FTF) elevation could potentially affect the periodontium of the involved teeth; it is not clear if the periodontal phenotype of teeth involved in a FTF may influence these changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of FTF on teeth periodontium, as well as assessing the impact of periodo...

Background: Full thickness mucoperiosteal flap (FTF) elevation could potentially affect the periodontium of the involved teeth; it is not clear if the periodontal phenotype of teeth involved in a FTF may influence these changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of FTF on teeth periodontium, as well as assessing the impact of period...

Background Tooth-level prognostic systems can be utilized for treatment planning and risk assessment. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of ten different tooth-level risk assessment systems in terms of their ability to predict periodontal-related tooth loss (TLP). Methods Data was retrieved retrospec...

Background: A new periodontitis classification was recently introduced involving multidimensional staging and grading. The Study's aim was to assess if individuals well-trained in periodontics consistently used the new classification for patients with severe periodontitis. The secondary goal was to identify "gray zones" related to classifications....

Purpose: To investigate whether implant position (adjacent to teeth/implants vs most distal position in the arch) influences the clinical outcomes of short (≤ 6 mm) non-splinted implants. Materials and methods: A systematic electronic search of human randomised clinical trials and prospective cohort studies was performed using the PubMed, Embase...

Background: The British Society of Periodontology (BSP) implemented a simplified version of the 2017 World Workshop Classification (WWC) on Staging and Grading of periodontitis, for use in UK clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term (>10 years) prognostic capability of BSP's implementation (BSP-i) compared to the 2017 W...

Aim To assess if maintenance variables have a differential effect on tooth loss due to periodontitis (TLP) based on staging and grading. Materials and Methods Patients treated for periodontitis for a minimum of ≥10 years follow‐up were included and categorized according to their stage and grade at baseline. Impact of number, regularity, and patter...

Background: Clinicians predominantly use personal judgment for risk assessment. Periodontal risk assessment tools (PRATs) provide an effective and logical system to stratify patients based on their individual treatment needs. This retrospective longitudinal study aimed to validate the association of different risk categories of four PRATs (Staging...

Bleeding on probing (BOP) is regarded as an indispensable diagnostic tool for evaluating periodontal disease activity, however its role in peri‐implant disease is more intricate. Much of the confusion about the interpretation originates from drawing parallels between periodontal and peri‐implant conditions. BOP can originate from two forms of probi...

Objective To clinically evaluate the use of a titanium‐reinforced PTFE mesh for vertical bone augmentation (VBA) of deficient alveolar ridges. Materials and methods This case series documented consecutive patients treated for VBA with a newly developed PTFE mesh. VBA was performed in anterior and posterior, maxillary and mandibular arches using an...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine if a previous history of periodontitis according to the preset definitions of the 2017 World Workshop is correlated with increased implant failure, and occurrence and severity of peri-implantitis (PI). Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with a history of periodontitis who received non...

Aim To assess the ability of two‐way interactions between baseline stage, grade and extent to predict tooth loss due periodontitis (TLP) over a long‐term follow‐up period. Materials and Methods Patients treated for periodontal disease with a complete medical history, baseline periodontal chart, full mouth radiographs and a minimum of ≥10 years fol...

Objectives To evaluate long‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dental implants placed after lateral window sinus augmentation utilizing the sagittal sandwich technique. Materials and Methods Patients treated with sinus augmentation were included in this retrospective case series study. The surgical procedure was performed with particulate...

Background: The intraosseous artery is a branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery that supplies the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. The present study seeks to analyze the location of the intraosseous artery and its site of termination. Materials and methods: Cone beam computed tomography was used to evaluate 200 patients making up 4...

Aim: To develop and internally validate a nomogram built on a multivariate prediction model including parameters from the new classification of periodontal diseases, able to predict, at baseline, the occurrence of tooth loss due to periodontal reason (TLP). Materials and methods: A total of 315 individuals diagnosed with periodontal disease and...

The objective of this study was to compare postsurgical outcomes of resective treatment for peri-implantitis with and without implant surface modification (implantoplasty [IP]). This was accomplished by a retrospective analysis with data from patients with ≥1 implant who were surgically treated for peri-implantitis by resective therapy. Patients we...

Aim We retrospectively explored effects of smoking on tooth loss due to periodontitis (TLP) in long‐term compliant patients. Materials and methods Chart data were collected from 258 patients undergoing post‐non‐surgical periodontal treatment (mean 2.24 visits/year) for 10 ‐ 47.5 (mean 24.2) years. Patients were categorized as: 1) never‐smokers, 2)...

Background: The 2017 World Workshop classified peri-implant diseases into health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. The aim of this article is to build upon this recent classification and propose a framework for the diagnosis of peri-implant status after resective or regenerative surgical treatment for peri-implantitis. Methods: A li...

Background: Retrograde periimplantitis is a rapidly progressing periapical infection that forms around the implant apex. It is usually associated with sites adjacent to teeth with apical lesions; previous endodontic failures, retained root fragments etc. This study aimed to study the incidence of retrograde peri-implantitis in sites with history o...

Aim: To assess the impact of keratinized mucosa (KM) width around dental implants on surgical therapeutic outcomes when treating peri-implantitis. Material and methods: Surgically treated peri-implantitis implants were divided into two groups(KM width < 2 mm and ≥ 2mm). Retrospective data was obtained after implant placement (T0) and the day of...

The predictability of transcrestal sinus floor elevation (tSFE) in elevating the sinus membrane following posterior maxillary ridge resorption has been widely demonstrated. To minimize complications and increase success, a literature search was conducted to validate procedures used for tSFE. A decision tree based upon timing of perforations was the...

Purpose: Short implants have been considered as an alternative to regular implants even where native bone is potentially adequate. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implant length on its survival. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials and prospective studies was performed u...

Background: A new classification of periodontal diseases aimed to identify periodontal disease based on a multidimensional staging and grading system has been recently proposed. However, up to date, its prognostic predictive capability has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess if parameters included in the new classification w...

Purpose: To introduce a user-friendly protocol for implant-retained prosthetic rehabilitation of fully edentulous patients based on facial profile and the cephalometric intermaxillary relationship. Materials and methods: The prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients with implants based on facial profile assessment protocol commences with...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a hemostatic collagen sponge and a collagen sponge sealed with a bio-adhesive material on the palatal donor sites with the purpose of minimizing postoperative pain after epithelialized gingival graft (EGG) harvesting. Material and methods: The present study consisted of 44 EGGs harv...

Numerous treatment modalities have been developed to expedite orthodontic treatment time, which improves patient compliance and reduces the likelihood of complications. Corticotomy-assisted orthodontia (CAO) is one procedure that was reported to be highly promising. An electronic search of PubMed and Embase in addition to a search of peer reviewed...

Purpose: To introduce a novel modality that enables the measurement of forces applied during a transalveolar sinus floor elevation (tSFE) and to investigate the influence of anatomical and surgical factors on the necessitated force in sinus membrane detachment. Material and methods: A new endosinus probe, innovated with a calibrated load cell, w...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the apico-coronal implant position on early and late crestal bone loss (CBL), in bone and tissue level implants. Methods: Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted for controlled clinical trials reporting on CBL before and after functional loading of implants. Random effects meta-analyses were ap...

Background Computer‐guided systems were developed to facilitate implant placement at optimal positions in relation to the future prosthesis. However, the time, cost and technique sensitivity involved with computer‐guided surgery impedes its routine practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate survival rates and complications associated with compu...

Purpose To investigate the effect of the apico‐coronal implant position on early and late crestal bone loss (CBL), in bone and tissue level implants. Materials and methods Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted for controlled clinical trials reporting on CBL before and after functional loading of implants. Random effects meta‐ana...

Purpose: To present an in-depth review on splinting versus nonsplinting the restorations of adjacent dental implants, in addition to discussing biological and technical complications associated with either choice; and to provide the clinician with a decision tree that serves in everyday judgments when it comes to addressing this issue. Materials...

Of all the modalities reported to decrease orthodontic treatment time, corticotomy-accelerated orthodontics (CAO) is the only evidence-based approach. The aim of this article is to critically review the available evidence and to summarize the pros and cons of CAO. Articles published in the last 15 years related to CAO were screened and critically a...