Muhammad Saleem

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Verified

Muhammad verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD Biomolecular Sciences
• Professor (Associate) at University of the Punjab

Phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2., PGM), a key enzyme of glycogenolysis and glycogenesis, catalyzes the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate, whereas phosphomannomutase (EC 5.4.2.8., PMM) transfers the phosphate group from the 1′ to the 6′, or from the 6′ to the 1′ position in mannose phosphate. However, in the hyperthermoph...

Phosphopentomutases catalyze the isomerization of ribose 1-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate. Thermococcus kodakarensis, a hyperthermophilic archaeon, harbors a novel enzyme (PPMTk) that exhibits high homology with phosphohexomutases but has no significant phosphohexomutase activity. Instead, PPMTk catalyzes the interconversion of ribose 1-phosphate...

Several bacterial strains have developed resistance against commercial antibiotics, and interestingly, supramolecular nanomaterials have shown considerable advantages for antibacterial applications. However, the main challenges in adopting nanotechnology for antibacterial studies are random aggregation, compromised toxicity, multi-step preparation...

Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a highly polyphagous, widely prevalent, and persistent Old World insect pest that affects numerous important crops that are directly consumed by people, including tomato, cotton, pigeon pea, chickpea, rice, sorghum, and cowpea. Insects do not synthesize steroids but obtain them from their diet. Inhibition o...

Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs), belonging to the family Adenoviridae, pose an increasing threat to the poultry industry worldwide. An emerging trend of FAdV-associated diseases such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) has caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry in the last two decades glob...

For the past many years, light has been used for therapeutic purposes, but in recent years the use of light in phototherapy has largely emerged [1]. This cancer treatment is noninvasive and involves the use of two components, the first is a photosensitizer (PS) and the second one is light. The PS is a photosensitive compound—an organic nanomaterial...

PGAM1 plays a critical role in cancer cell metabolism through glycolysis and different biosynthesis pathways to promote cancer. It is generally known as a crucial target for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the deadliest known malignancy worldwide. In recent years different studies have been reported that strived to find inhibitory agents...

SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell through the ACE2 receptor and replicates its genome using an RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RDRP). The functional RDRP is released from pro-protein pp1ab by the proteolytic activity of Main protease (Mpro) which is encoded within the viral genome. Due to its vital role in proteolysis of viral polyprotein chains, it ha...

This study was conducted with a perception that fructose-rich niches may inhabit novel species of lactic acid bacteria that are gaining importance as probiotics and for the production of exopolysaccharides that have applications in food and pharmaceuticals. Recently, some Lactobacillus species have been reclassified as fructophilic lactic acid bact...

Tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK) is the key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that ensures correct attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and thereby their precise segregation into daughter cells by phosphorylating specific substrate proteins. The overexpression of TTK has been associated with various human malignancies, i...

The matrix (M) protein is the most abundant structural protein in Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) in chickens. Owing to its highly conserved nature among NDV strains and also due to its pivotal role in the viral life cycle, the M protein can be employed as a promising diagnostic antigen for reliable dete...

Cancer is one of the leading causes of human mortality and a theranostics strategy is essential for its effective treatment. Density function theory (DFT) simulations were executed to examine the drug delivery, photothermal potential, and photoimaging guided cancer diagnostic potential of pristine and alkaline earth metal (M= Be, Mg, and Ca) doped...

Neisseria meningitidis is the causative agent of meningococcal meningitis and sepsis and remains a significant public health problem in many countries. Efforts to develop a comprehensive vaccine against serogroup B meningococci have focused on the use of surface-exposed outer membrane proteins. Here we report the use of virus-like particles derived...

Cell-surface receptor interactions between leukocyte integrin macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1, also known as CR3, αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) are critical to vascular inflammation. To define the key residues at the binding interface, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to assign the spectra of the mouse Mac-1 I-domain a...

Opa proteins are major surface-expressed proteins located in the Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane, and are potential meningococcal vaccine candidates. Although Opa proteins elicit high levels of bactericidal antibodies following immunisation in mice, progress towards human clinical trials has been delayed due to previous findings that Opa inhi...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a number of alkylquinolone-type secondary metabolites best known for their antimicrobial effects and involvement in cell-cell communication. In the alkylquinolone biosynthetic pathway, the β-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) synthase III (FabH) like enzyme PqsBC catalyzes the condensation of octanoyl-coenzyme A and 2-a...

RmpM is a periplasmic protein from Neisseria meningitidis which comprises an N-terminal domain (residues 1-47) and a separate globular C-terminal domain (residues 65-219) responsible for binding to peptidoglycan. Here we show, through the use of size exclusion chromatography and pull-down assays, that a recombinant N-terminal fragment of RmpM binds...

Following the introduction of effective protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against capsular group C meningococcal disease in Europe, meningococci of capsular group B remain a major cause of death and can result in debilitating sequelae. The outer membrane proteins PorA and FetA have previously been shown to induce bactericidal antibodies in...

Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS-1) is the primordial member of the Neuronal Calcium Sensor (NCS) family of EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins. It interacts with both the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), regulating its internalisation and surface expression, and the cognate kinases, GRK1 and GRK2. Determination of the crystal...

Neisseria meningitidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has adjuvant properties that can be exploited to assist vaccine immunogenicity. The modified penta-acylated LPS retains the adjuvant properties of hexa-acylated LPS but has a reduced toxicity profile. In this study we investigated whether two modified glycoform structures (LgtE and IcsB) of detoxified...

We evaluated the adjuvant effect of a modified glycoform of LPS (LgtB-LpxL1) as compared to the non-modified glycoform Lpxl1 serogroup B meningococcal H44/76 native outer membrane vesicles (nOMVs), on immune responses to vaccination with recombinant meningococcal protein, rPorA, tetanus toxoid or meningococcal serogroup C capsular polysaccharide. W...

FrpB is an outer membrane transporter from , the causative agent of meningococcal meningitis. It is a member of the TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT) family and is responsible for iron uptake into the periplasm. FrpB is subject to a high degree of antigenic variation, principally through a region of hypervariable sequence exposed at the cell surfac...

Effect of Fe3+ titration on EPR Cu2+ spectra of FrpB. 100 µM CuSO4 was added to 150 µM FrpB, before dialysis to remove unbound ions a subsequent addition of 0, 100, 200 and 300 µM FeCl3 (for 0, 1, 2 and 3-fold molar excess of Fe3+ over Cu2+) and collection of EPR spectra. Spectra for the FrpB F3-3 variant are on the left, and for the F5-1 variant o...

Effect of Fe3+ titration on EPR Cu2+ spectra of FrpB F3-3 H133A. 100 µM CuSO4 with 0, 100, 200 and 300 µM FeCl3 (for 0, 1, 2 and 3-fold molar excess of Fe3+ over Cu2+) was added to 150 µM FrpB, before dialysis to remove unbound ions and collection of EPR spectra. (TIF)

Sequence alignment of FrpB with orthologs from other Gram-negative bacteria. The alignment was carried out using Clustalx [62], with some manual adjustment. Residues involved in coordinating the Fe are highlighted in cyan and the HR sequence region is highlighted in yellow. (TIF)

Integral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play key roles in solute transport, adhesion, and other processes. In Neisseria, they can also function as major protective antigens. Structural, biophysical, and immunological studies of Neisserial OMPs require their isolation in milligram quantities. Purification of any OMP directly from Neisseria would req...

FrpB is an integral outer membrane protein from the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. It is a member of the TonB-dependent transporter family and promotes the uptake of iron across the outer membrane. There is also evidence that FrpB is an antigen and hence a potential component of a vaccine against meningococcal meningitis. FrpB incorporating...

Type IV pili are expressed from a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria and play a major role in host cell adhesion and bacterial motility. PilC is one of at least a dozen different proteins that are implicated in Type IV pilus assembly in Thermus thermophilus and a member of a conserved family of integral inner membrane proteins which are compone...

A method to rapidly assess the oligomeric composition of multimeric proteins is notably absent from reported schemes for high throughput production and crystallization of membrane proteins. In this report we have investigated the suitability of PFO-PAGE electrophoresis for this purpose and present examples where it proves highly informative in sele...

Type IV pili are surface-exposed retractable fibers which play a key role in the pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis and other gram-negative pathogens. PilG is an integral inner membrane protein and a component of the type IV pilus biogenesis system. It is related by sequence to the extensive GspF family of secretory proteins, which are involved...

This study was carried out for the identification of culturable bacteria present in the indigenous coal and to observe their depyritization capabilities in pure as well as in mixed consortia. Five mesophilic acidophilic isolates (B3, T1, T3, 1S and 1D), one moderately thermophilic (T2) iron and sulphur oxidizing isolate, two moderately thermophilic...

Purified glucoamylase from Arachniotus citrinus was immobilized on polyacrylamide gel with 70% yield of immobilization. The immobilization improved the pH optima, temperature optima, values of K(m), V(max), and activation energy. Irreversible thermal denaturation studies of soluble and immobilized glucoamylase indicated that immobilization decrease...

Purified endoglucanase (apparently to homogeneity) from Arachniotus citrinus was immobilized in polyacrylamide gel with 53.4% yield of immobilization. Immobilization improved the pH optimum from 4.9 (free) to 5.6 (immobilized) and temperature optimum by 10 °C. The Vmax of immobilized endoglucanase at 70 and 90 °C were 1.4- and 3.0-fold improved ove...

Purified endoglucanase (apparently to homogeneity) from Arachniotus citrinus was immobilized in polyacrylamide gel with 53.4% yield of immobilization. Immobilization improved the pH optimum from 4.9 (free) to 5.6 (immobilized) and temperature optimum by 10 °C. The Vmax of immobilized endoglucanase at 70 and 90 °C were 1.4- and 3.0-fold improved ove...