Muhammad Nizam

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries play a crucial role as energy sources for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices due to their high energy density. However, this high energy density leads to increased temperatures during operation, which negatively impacts the performance of nickel strips as the primary electrical connectors within the bat...

This study aims to develop an electric vehicle conversion kit module as a vocational learning tool at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which includes the design, production, and trial phases of the module. Evaluation was conducted through concept comprehension tests and practical skill assess...

p style="text-align: justify;">Making efficient batteries is important nowadays. One potential problem that can hinder this is the thermal runaway that occurs in battery cells. There are various causes of thermal runaway, one of the most common is an increase in temperature that exceeds the optimal allowable limit. Additional cooling will be requir...

p>The extraordinary growth in means of transportation, especially vehicles with internal combustion engines, has made state laws and regulations increasingly stringent. Regulations regarding energy consumption used for passenger and personal mobility and the emissions produced in order to reduce pollution. A hybrid vehicle combines two energies pro...

One of the functions of a brake system is to reduce or maintain the speed of a vehicle. The braking process generally converts kinetic energy into heat. While a direct contact brake system functions using friction, a non-contact brake system such as an eddy current brake (ECB) relies on eddy currents. As repeated braking increases the temperature o...

Lithium-ion batteries like LiFePO4 become a new choice for electrical energy sources in the world and can be used on electric vehicles. Battery packs monitoring by Battery Management System in electric vehicles require accurate monitoring. The inaccuracy of monitoring such property can lead to low safety, low efficiency and battery’s life reduction...

The development of lithium batteries as an energy storage system is getting higher equal to the development of eco-friendly energy needs. However, lithium batteries have disadvantages in electrical and temperature interference. Series and parallel configuration causes voltage imbalance and leads to degradation performance of the battery. The focus...

The Industry 4.0 concept is a new manufacturing approach that integrates smart factories, smart machines, smart systems, smart production, and smart processes into a unified network. Through applying CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems) technology, Industry 4.0 combines the physical and virtual worlds to increase company productivity and efficiency. This p...

This research focuses on developing a fast charging system to charge lithium-ion battery packs with a voltage rating of 48 volts. Standard battery charging uses a 0.25 C charging rate, which takes about 4 hours. The charging method in this study uses the constant current, constant voltage (CC-CV) method by adjusting the charging current at a chargi...

The study focuses on optimizing standalone PV-battery systems for LED street lighting in Magetan Regency, Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of PV panels and lithium battery selection for energy efficiency. Minimizing energy not captured leads to effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly street lighting, reducing energy waste and promoting a gree...

Lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery. A lithium-ion battery consists of several components, such as electrodes (anode and cathode), separators, and electrolytes. One factor that can affect a battery's performance is the quality of the electrodes. The commonly used anode consists of graphite powder. Currently, there is nanotechnolog...

This research enhances Smart Home Systems by integrating an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) for seamless power source switching between the grid and a backup battery, ensuring uninterrupted operation during power disruptions. An Automatic Battery Charging (ABC) system optimizes battery charging based on its condition, improving energy storage and e...

Buku ini merupakan kumpulan dari berbagai hasil studi kami tentang proses pembuatan nanopartikel karbon menggunakan teknik plasma arc discharge dalam air yang disusun menjadi 6 bab, mulai dari (1)Karakteristik Ionisasi pada Arc Discharge dalam Air, (2) Fabrikasi Elektroda Berbasis Karbon Nanopartikel, (3) Perhitungan Daya dan Prediksi Celah Elektro...

Electricity is a very crucial thing in human life today such as for communications, education, offices, household appliances, and transportation. Unfortunately, most of the electricity in Indonesia is still generated by fossil fuels such as coal. Indonesia which is on the equator has an advantage in solar power generation. Every area in Indonesia g...

span lang="EN-US">Electric vehicles are developing rapidly and require technological support. Electric vehicles require good power storage. One of the reasonable parameters of a battery pack is its high discharge capability. A high discharge rate requires suitable cell and heat management capabilities in the battery pack. When discharging, it produ...

The development of transportation technology in the automotive sector such as electric vehicles is increasingly advanced. One technology that is needed quite a lot is the development of supporting technology for electric vehicle braking. The use of regenerative braking on light electric vehicles such as 2-wheeled vehicles is not efficient because o...

This study discusses Eddy Current Brake (ECB) by using electromagnet as the source of magnetism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between braking torque and variations in the number of half-circle slots on ECB. The method applied in this study was the Finite Element Method (FEM), where the simulated ECB modeling was var...

The eddy current brake (ECB) is a braking technology that continues to be developed. The use of the ECB has excellent potential to be applied to vehicles. Various studies have proposed the design, characteristics, and advantages of each. However, further analysis is needed to assess the performance of the ECB and what factors affect the performance...

The braking system is one of the most important components of a vehicle. In general, the brakes will generate heat due to the braking process. The heat generated must be released into the environment to maintain braking performance at optimal conditions. In extreme conditions, braking will fail. The braking system can be developed as a braking supp...

The need for electrical energy means batteries have a critical role in technological developments in the future. One of the most advanced types of batteries is the lithium-ion battery. The conventional charging system has the disadvantage of taking a relatively long time, so the battery temperature is high. Therefore, a charging method that can sho...

Brake is a vital component of a vehicle, particularly for motor vehicles. One of the braking used the principle of Eddy Current Brake by utilizing electromagnetic. Eddy Current Brake is a braking technology without direct contact by utilizing eddy currents. Eddy Current Brake performance can be influenced by several factors, one of them is the surf...

The increasing use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) presents a serious environmental problem. These spent LIBs are suitable sources of metals for the production of LIB cathode active material. This study successfully recovered nickel, cobalt, and aluminum from spent LIB nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and regenerated NCA cathode. The effect of th...

p>The lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery has a high demand because of its long cycle, reliability, high energy density, low toxic, low self-discharge rate, high power density, and high efficiency. However, lithium-ion batteries have sensitivity to over-charge, temperature, and charge discharge currents. The conventional battery charging system takes a ve...

The excessive use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses a potential severe environmental problem. Spent LIBs are prospective lithium (Li) sources. This study aims to recover Li from LIBs and regenerate cathode from the recovered and residual Li. The spent cathode was mixed with a spent anode and heated at a given temperature and time for its reduct...

The electric motor is a device that converts electrical power into mechanical power. The DC motor has some advantages compared to the AC motor on its easier way to control the speed or position and wide adjustable range. The alternative solution for a control method with simple, easy to design, and can be implemented in a multi-input multi-output s...

Eddy Current Brake (ECB) is an innovation in the braking system by utilizing the eddy current generated by induction when the rotor rotates due to the magnetic field generated by the stator. The development of the ECB braking system is needed to provide a better design overview from existing research. This study discusses the effect resulting from...

This study discusses the Eddy Current Brake (ECB) system with the application of electromagnets. Half-circle slots will be applied on the surface of the ECB conductor to further investigate its effect on the resulting torque value. This study uses the Finite Element Method (FEM) in the simulation process of the ECB system with variations in the dep...

Brake is a vital component of a vehicle, particularly for motor vehicles. One of the braking used the principle of Eddy Current Brake (ECB) by utilizing electromagnetic. ECB is a braking technology without direct contact by utilizing eddy currents. ECB performance can be influenced by several factors, one of them is the surface shape of the disc co...

A hydroelectric power plant is an electrical energy generator that utilizes water energy to drive a water turbine coupled to a generator. The main problem in hydroelectric power plants is the frequency and voltage fluctuations in the generator due to fluctuations in consumer loads. The purpose of this research is to make a prototype of the Electron...

This is an erratum to International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 2021; 18(1): 8464–8477. Please refer to the related article: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.1.2021.06.0641

This paper aims to present a prognostic method for induction motor shafts that experience fatigue failure in the keyway area, using motor vibration signals. Preprocessing the data to eliminate noise in raw signals is done by decomposing the signal, using discrete wavelet transforms. Prognostic indicator candidates are obtained through the selection...

Electric vehicles have recently been increasing in popularity and market demand which can be used as a key indicator for the future due to climate change and global warming so that CO ² emission reductions are needed. In addition to environmental factors which are the main motivation for the increase in electric vehicles, this type of transportatio...

The 15 kW solar power plant (PLTS) is a new certain in the application of small-medium solar energy usage, especially for the campus environment in Indonesia which can support and become proof of realization green campus program. The existence of 15 kW PLTS become an attention to do advanced analysis in order that production of the specific electri...

Electric motorcycle is one of the vehicles that can operate using alternative fuels, namely with electrical energy. Travel between cities over great distances, of course this results in a high risk of accidents. Additional features are needed that can warn and stop the electric motorcycle before crashing into other vehicles in front of it. Cruise C...

The need for braking systems has increased. The widely used braking system is a friction brake. The use of friction brakes has a problem in maintenance intervals and the risk of failure due to heat generation. Research and the development of the braking system have carried out. Eddy Current Brake (ECB) is an alternative braking system. ECB is braki...

NCA or LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA) Battery is one lithium ion batteries (LIBs) that is often used in electric vehicles as an energy storage device due to its high capacity and energy density. But along with the popularity of electric vehicles, the production of NCA cathode materials has also increased so resulting in accumulation of LIBs was...

The inverter is an electronic device which able to convert DC electricity into AC electricity. In the development of renewable energy resources, for example, solar power plants, inverters are needed. In this research, an inverter is made by real-time power monitoring. The inverter is made using unipolar PWM modulation and a full H bridge topology....

Braking systems in motor vehicles generally use a braking system that utilizes friction. The braking performance will decrease caused by using friction rapidly. To overcome this, as an alternative, an electromagnetic braking system can be used by utilizing eddy currents, such as eddy current brakes (ECB). Eddy currents are generated when the rotor...

The increase in electric vehicles needs to be supported by the existence of reliable energy storage devices. The battery, as an energy storage system, has its advantages and disadvantages. The combination of different battery types is chosen since the battery is one of the energy storage systems with mature technology and low life cycle cost. A sol...

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is used in power distribution system to protect sensitive load in voltage disturbances. Voltage sag is one of the most important power quality problems challenging the utility industry. Voltage sags can be compensated by voltage and power injection into the distribution system. DVR is developed using Mamdani-type fuzz...

The control system that is widely used in industry is PID (Proportional Integral Derivative). Almost 90% of industries still use PID control systems because of its simplicity, applicability, and reliability. However, the weakness of PID is that it takes a long time to tune. PID control with good performance and low energy consumption can be achieve...

Highly crystalline “zero-strain” Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has great potential as an alternative material for the anodes in a lithium ion battery. In this research, highly crystalline LTO with impressive electrochemical characteristics was synthesized via a salt-assisted solid-state reaction using TiO2, LiOH, and various amounts of NaCl as a salt additive. T...

The braking system in a vehicle has the main role of slowing down the speed or stopping the moving vehicle. Compared to mechanical braking, which utilizes friction, non-contact braking has several advantages, including longer lifetime and less maintenance. One form of non-contact braking systems is the eddy current brake (ECB), an electric braking...

Induction motor is widely used in industry as a prime mover of the machine or mechanical equipment. The monitoring of this component is needed to assure that it works in its optimal performance and to prevent its sudden failure. The potential failures of the induction motor can be an electrical failure or mechanical failure. One of the mechanical f...

The high throughput and rapid flame-assisted spray pyrolysis method has been adapted to synthesize cathode materials LiNi0.apCo0.15Al0.035O2 (NCA). This method is considered low cost and simple. By varying the precursor solution concentration and sintering temperature, the optimal condition was established at temperature sintering of 800 °C and pre...

The battery material production is potentially established in Indonesia, but now its development is still an idea. Further research is required to support a realistic effort of the battery material production to get the optimization of the lithium ion battery material. One of the most desired lithium ion batteries is LiFePO4/C. The advantages of Li...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has two modes, using electric drive only (EV Mode) and using both electric drive with combustion engine (Hybrid HV mode). Typical PHEV energy management strategy will use EV mode until battery state of charge (SoC) is fully depleted and then switch to HV mode. This paper proposed energy management strategy whi...

Modern urban transportation has consumed enormous energy in Indonesia; the second largest energy consumption; after households energy consumption. This study aims to compare the performance of electric vehicles in urban areas in Indonesia. In this research, 18 cars consisting of 6 internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, six hybrid vehicles, and...

Photovoltaics (PV) power plants are very suitable in Indonesia which has an average intensity of solar radiation of 4kWh/m² and has a practical system and installation. Therefore the number of solar power plants continues to increase, especially in the household scale. But people have a problem how to choose PV that are of good quality. This resear...

The advantages of lithium ion batteries, ranging from high energy density, to high service life, make them in great demand. Along with high demand, the use of lithium ion batteries also increases in complexity, for example, the use of electric vehicles and smart grids. The requirement that lithium ion batteries be used in certain conditions, for ex...

The braking torque mathematical modelling in electromagnetic eddy current brake (ECB) often ignores the skin effect that occurrs during operation. However this phenomenon can not be simply neglected. Therefore, this paper presents a mathematical model of braking torque for a unipolar axial type of ECB system with a non-magnetic disk, which consider...

Due to their characteristics of high power, high energy density, high thermal stability and long-life time, NMC metal-based cathode material for lithium ion become one of the most popular material and widely used in the automotive industry. In this study, material of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC 111) was synthesized via urea-assisted solid state met...

Eddy Current Brake (ECB) is a type of electric braking that uses eddy current to produce braking forces. This article delivers a solid review of the design of Axial ECB, which is very promising for an alternative braking system. Several types of axial ECB are classified and named as a single disk, double disk, and unipolar model. The classification...

A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting some degree of misalignment or end movement or both. Coupling failure can stop the system operation that leads to loss of production, so that, m...

Lithium-ion batteries play a critical role in the reliability and safety of a system. Battery health monitoring and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction are needed to prevent catastrophic failure of the battery. The aim of this research is to develop a data-driven method to monitor the batteries state of health and predict their RUL by using the...

The development of Battery Management System (BMS) standards in Indonesia has been carried out causing the FACTS approach. That's approach makes it possible to accommodate all stakeholder requirements. However, the approach has not yet considered a technical review of the regulated standards. Based on this, this study undertook a comprehensive revi...

This research aims to predict the optimum surface orientation angles in solar panel installation to achieve maximum solar radiation. Incident solar radiation is calculated using koronakis mathematical model. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used as computational method to find optimum angle orientation for solar panel installation in order to g...

In this study, radial BLDC motor is the object of research. The study focused on stator core material to improve electric motor performance by replacing the laminatematerial with a composite materialpowder. The use of composite materialpowder for wound core material is to simplify the manufacturing process with efficiency equal or close. Wound core...

The purpose of this research is to study optimal size and placement of shunt capacitor in order to minimize line loss. Derivative load bus voltage was calculated to determine the sensitive load buses which further being optimum with the placement of shunt capacitor. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was demonstrated on the IEEE 14 bus power system...

Roller bearing is one of the vital parts of a rotating machine. Bearing failure can result in serius damage of the machine. This paper aims to develop a bearing fault diagnosis method using parameter evaluation technique to improve the diagnosis accuracy. The parameter evaluation technique is used to select five features that are used as predictors...

We proposed a cost estimation application in determining the feasibility of Li-Ion Battery manufacturing planning. The application is development of previous research about cost estimation model and technical feasibility study in Li-Ion battery manufacturing in mini plant scale. Cost estimation model is constructed in activity-based costing (ABC) m...

The process of developing of the new standards has problems in early the development process. In particular to identify what steps are necessary to develop of the new standards. The research using the methodology of the FACTS (Framework for Analysis, Comparison and Testing of the Standard). Scope of the research include: stakeholder analysis; techn...

Nowadays, a lot of electrical types of equipment use the alternating current with high frequency. Soft magnetic is the right choice to use in alternating current or high frequency because it can repeatedly be magnetized and demagnetized in a short time. The metallurgy process begins with the fabrication of the powder using a milling machine and bal...

High operating costs, lux incompatible, and inefficient become a great problem in the street lighting of campus area that generated by fossil energy. In a case study at Sebelas Maret University, it is possible to shift the street lighting that generated from fossel to Solar Cell. This article aims to evaluate and design Street Lighting with Solar C...