Muhammad Ishaq Ghauri

Jinnah Medical & Dental College · Department of Medicine

This study investigates the risk factors for anxiety and depression among different populations receiving healthcare services in Karachi outpatient services, using a sample size of 152 participants Through the use of a survey methodology so the survey effectively collects data using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health...

BACKGROUND: Drug repurposing is an important approach to treat COVID-19 pandemic. Among various drugs that were felt efficacious we had to use the ones that were low cost, efficacious and readily available. Antibacterial drug teicoplanin has shown some promise in this regard. This study evaluates the therapeutic benefits of using teicoplanin in COV...

Objective: To determine the association of dryness of eyes with rheumatoid arthritis severity. Methods: The cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Karachi, from December 2020 to May 2021, and comprised adult patients of either gender with rheumatoid arthritis who were diagnosed on the basis of...

Background: In the era of active covid 19, most studies that were being done were able to assess the firm beliefs and practices among the population. Belonging to a developing country it was noted that the masses lacked education and awareness and the impact of this negligence was fatal among many. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the knowledg...

Aim Laboratory of Jinnah Medical College Hospital identified an outbreak of Extensive drug-resistant (XDR)-Typhoid in Karachi, Pakistan. The frightening rise in the number of XDR typhoid cases observed here demands the need for urgent intervention and prevention for disease control. Recently a threat to future generations in terms of healthcare bur...

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a clinically heterogeneous collection of disorders with diurnal fluctuations and classic demonstration of childhood or adolescent-onset dystonia, mild parkinsonian features which improve with sleep or rest. Case Presentation We present a case of a 16-year-old boy who presented to us with gait abnormalities along...

AIMS: SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is a potentially lethal disease that may progress into severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring ventilatory support. While azithromycin (AZI) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are considered similar to placebo in COVID-19, other drugs such as ivermectin (IVER), are being repurposed to treat this pandemic. This...

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is a potentially lethal disease that may progress into severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring ventilatory support. While azithromycin (AZI) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are considered similar to placebo in COVID-19, other drugs such as ivermectin (IVER), are being repurposed to treat this pandemic...

This research work explores the beneficial effects of teicoplanin in COVID-19 pneumonia, which is a severe lung infection and is associated with high mortality and morbidity if not treated promptly.

Arthralgia is one of the most common symptoms that occur in patients with COVID-19. About 15% of patients present with arthralgia at some point. Although COVID-19 seems to attack the musculoskeletal system (muscles and joints) in its infective and postinfective stage causing inflammatory arthritis, not much is known about the rheumatic manifestatio...

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with type-I diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Karachi. Period: 3rd January 2018 to 3rd July 2018. Material & Methods: A total number of hundred patients having NIDDM taking insul...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of liraglutide in reducing weight and Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODOLOGY: This analytical observational study was conducted at Jinnah medical college hospital Karachi Pakistan. The Convenient sample technique was used for sample collection. Data was collected from January 201...

Not much is known about the rheumatic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this case series of 5 patients we discuss the occurrence of bilaterally symmetrical polyarthritis in patients, previously free from any rheumatic disease, after COVID-19 infection. The musculoskeletal manifestations in these patients phenotypically presented as rheumat...

Reactive arthritis is commonly preceded by a gastrointestinal or a sexually transmitted infection. However, its association with different viral infections has also been reported. Herein, we report a case of a 34 year old male who developed Reactive arthritis few days after the severe acute respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 infection (SARSCoV-2)....

The recent outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 has raised global health concerns putting many lives at stake. Such condition calls for an urgent demand for effective, available and affordable drugs to control the viral illness. Several different therapies are under study and no definite treatment has yet been appro...

Our team has discovered in this case-control study that ivermectin shortens duration of febrile illness in COVID-19, thus potentially saving precious lives, reducing direct load on healthcare facilities and preventing high cost of management in a community setting. This is a preprint version available at SSRN server.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients on Metformin therapy. Study Design: An observational analytic cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Methodology: All patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus of age 31-84 years of either gender, taking metformin, were included in the study. The...

Vasculitis is the inflammation of blood vessels in the human body. It causes changes and remodeling in the walls of the vessels that include thickening, narrowing and scarring. As a result, the blood flow to the organs and tissues gets restricted leading to organ damage. The cause of primary vasculitis is not known; however, most cases are thought...

Objective: To evaluate the response of disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on patients diagnosed with post chikungunya inflammatory arthritis attending outpatient department of Rheumatology, Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This prospective case series study was conducted at Rheumatology clinic of Jinnah Med...

Background. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs which gets worse in the evening or night, relieved upon movement. The aim of this study was to specify the prevalence of RLS in the group of young medical students and to assess the effect of RLS on sleep, as sleep disturbance...

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs which gets worse in the evening or night, relieved upon movement. The aim of this study was to specify the prevalence of RLS in the group of young medical students and to assess the effect of RLS on sleep, as sleep disturbanc...

Background Vitamin B12 deficiency is linked to impaired cognition and memory along with a sensation of tingling and numbness, an outcome of poor myelination. Elevated methylmalonic acid and serum homocysteine levels are markers of Vitamin B12 deficiency. Elevated homocysteine levels are also often associated with Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. We...

This is a preprint version of our work that suggests a useful role of ivermectin in COVID-19 treatment and potential prevention. This is the first case-control study which suggests that ivermectin use is associated with early recovery from febrile COVID-19 illness.

Objective: Pakistan is the fifth highest TB burden country. Tuberculous uveitis (TbU) is a form of extrapulmonary TB, that is not uncommon in high burden country but very limited data is available on its outcome. The aim of the study is to assess the outcome of TbU with anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT). Results: A prospective study was conducted...

The aim of study is to assess the knowledge of community doctors regarding stroke and its prevention. A cross-sectional study at Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, from Feb- ruary 2018 to August 2018. A total of 263 questionnaires were distributed among medical practitioners along with a proforma regarding physician's inform...

Introduction: Trichotillomania is a psycho dermatologic disorder that has been identified as a common morbidity in children and adolescents having a positive correlation with depression and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Very few cases have been reported in the 20-30 age groups, therefore, we intend on reporting this case. Case Presentation:...

Objective: Fibromyalgia (FM) is reported to be strongly linked with anxiety and depression and is accompanied with the chronic antidepressant treatment. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of fibromyalgia in patients presenting with chronic pain. Also, we assessed the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from chro...

Background: Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disorder of spinal cord, characterized by acute or sub-acute dysfunction of spinal cord affecting the motor, sensory, and autonomic systems. It may be idiopathic or related to other diseases. Although some patients recover from TM with minor or no residual problems, others suffer permanent imp...

INTRODUCTION: Iatrogenic or physician-induced hypervitaminosis D is a rare cause of persistent vomiting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on iatrogenic hypervitaminosis D presenting with persistent vomiting in Pakistan. CASE REPORT: We report a rare case of continual vomiting for 15 days in a 48-year-old woman of Pakistan...

Objective: To observe the scores of the model of end-stage liver disease and Child-Pugh (CP) scores on hospital admission in patients of cirrhosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study, in 6 months from September 17 th to March 18 th , using non-probability convenience sampling was conducted, in which we inducted 165 patients with diagnosed cirrhotic l...

Interminable arthritis issue, for example, osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have in like manner an upsurge of aggravation, and oxidative anxiety, bringing about dynamic histological modifications and incapacitating indications. As of now utilized allopathic prescription (extending from painkiller executioners to natural operators)...

Background: Scleromalacia perforans is a rare ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis which can potentially lead to blindness and is a late consequence in the course of the disease. It is an unusual finding for it to be present in a patient with joint pain without any rheumatologic progression of disease. Case presentation: We describe a ra...

Background Behçet’s Disease (BD) is characterized by numerous systemic manifestations and is known for its ability to affect both, arteries and the veins. However, the etiology of BD is only partially understood, and previous studies have demonstrated a role for genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to disease pathophysiology. Several stud...

Abstract Objectives: The patterns of spondyloarthropathies (SpA) differ across regions globally, and an understanding of these patterns is important for the correct diagnosis of this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presenting symptoms and clinical patterns of SpA in a community of low socioeconomic status in Pakistan. Methods:...

Objective: To determine the frequency of new-onset hypertension in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis taking leflunomide, in comparison with methotrexate in Asian setting. Material and Methods: Perspective case-control study was conducted in 2014 in a tertiary care hospital located in Karachi, Pakistan. Adult patients, having rheumatoid arthritis...

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterized by symptoms of widespread chronic pain and exaggerated tenderness affecting approximately 10% of the general population. Patients with FM also suffer from disturbed sleep, morning stiffness, sensations of fatigue and irritable bowel syndrome, or symptoms of anxiety or depression. FM is reported...

Objective: To determine the frequency of new-onset hypertension in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis taking leflunomide, in comparison with methotrexate in Asian setting. Material and methods: Perspective case-control study was conducted in 2014 in a tertiary care hospital located in Karachi Pakistan. Adult patients having rheumatoid arthritis...

Objective: To determine frequency of QT interval prolongation in ECG of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 60 patients with cirrhosis were included in this study. Clinical examination to see the presence of ascites, liver span and encephalopathy, and related investigatio...

Helicobacter pylori infection is considered the most commonly prevalent gastrointestinal pathogen where it manages to survive despite the hostile environment of human stomach, leading to various gastric diseases including gastric cancer. Due to the chronic inflammatory state induced by H. pylori and its interaction with host immune system have dive...

Background The presence of SLE with HIV is a rare and a life threatening phenomenon. Very few cases have been reported throughout the world about this nearly fatal combination. Case presentation This is a case report of a 40 year old woman of Asian descent who presented to the rheumatology clinic with painful small joints of both hands and was diag...

Background The simultaneous presence of celiac disease and Gitelman syndrome is a rare combination. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of the two entities present together in a patient. Case presentation This is a case report of a 15 year old male child of Asian descent known case of celiac disease, presenting with weakness...

Introduction: Congenital syphilis is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete Treponema Pallidum. It is transmitted transplacentlly from an infected mother to the fetus. Congenital syphilis is a preventable disease and its presence reflects a failure of antenatal care system. Its presence emphasizes on the development of effective screening and...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is widely prevalent throughout worldwide. H. pylori manage a long-term survival in hostile environment of human stomach leading to peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer. But mostly infected person remains asymptomatic. Its chronic interaction with immune system makes H. pylori as an attractive candidate...

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the presence of hypertension in people consuming hard water or fresh water and level of hardness, in individual water resources in Haji Samoa village near Keti Bundar , Sindh, Pakist an. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Keti Bundar in September 2014. There are two sources of water sup...

Objective: To determine the gender differences in risk factors and patterns contributing towards delib-erate self-poisoning. Methods: A descriptive study of patients admitted in National Poisoning Control Center Ward-5, JinnahPost Graduate Medical Center Karachi, was conducted for six months from 1st July 2013 to 1st January 2014. The information...

Objective: The primary aim of our study was to determine the frequency of headache in medical students exposed to secondhand smoking, as well as observing response of non-smoker medical students for passive smoking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at three private colleges of Karachi in June 2014, sample size was 300. The inclusion c...

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of ornithine-aspartate in reducing blood ammonia levels and clinical improvement, as a part of treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. Material & method: A randomized placebo controlled trial was conducted in 2013 in Jinnah medical and dental college hospital Korangi Karachi. One hundred patients with hepatic ence...

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) introduced hypertension as an epidemic in developing countries. However, hypertension is adequately controlled in only 12.5% of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Ramadan fasting and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Methods: This clinical, observational study was carri...

Objective: The Study was designed to determine prevalence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) and to identify the commonest pathogens responsible, in a tertiary care hospital located at sub-urb industrial region of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in ICU at JMCH, Korangi Karachi from Jan 2012 to Jan...

Abstract Objective: To assess the association of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) with type and duration of Diabetes Mellitus, mode of treatment and glycaemic control. Methods: An observational study was carried out. Patients with the diagnosis of either Type1, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or Type 2, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus...

To determine the presenting features of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at a private hospital in Karachi, and to compare the features with those of other Asian populations. The retrospective study comprised records of all lupus cases meeting the revised American Rheumatism Association criteria at the time of presentation at Jinnah Medica...

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of Grip Strength Test as an adjunctive tool for patients having rheumatoid arthritis. Materials And Methods: A twenty four (24)-week, single-blind, interventional, prospective study was carried out from October, 2009 to March, 2011 in 126 patients of either sex, between 19-64 years of age. They were d...

Background Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes in the upper limb are well recognized. No data has been available in this regard from Pakistan. Our aim was to find out the frequency of upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities in diabetic patients. Methods This was an observational study in which type 2 diabetes patients attending our diabeti...

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare disease. Very few cases have been reported from the South-Asian region so the aim of this study is to assess the clinical and laboratory aspects of 15 patients with AOSD in a tertiary referral hospital in Karachi. Retrospective data was collected from all patients diagnosed using Yamaguchi criteria for A...

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the frequency of restless leg syndrome (RLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from a low socioeconomic area of Pakistan and compare results with a control group to evaluate the effect of variables on RLS patients. Methods: A clinical observational study was carried out on 240 RA patients form low socioec...

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the various features of pyogenic liver abscess in poorly developed slum area of Karachi. DESIGN & SETTINGS: A retrospective study done in hospitalized diagnosed cases of pyogenic liver abscess confirmed by ultrasonography in Jinnah Medical College, Hospital Korangi Karachi from January 2004 to December 2008. METHOD...

To find the causes and characteristics of uveitis and its subtypes among Pakistani population, and to create awareness that early diagnosis and treatment of uveitis requires a multi-disciplinary approach. The retrospective study involved 98 diagnosed uveitis patients. Data was analysed regarding associated systemic diseases, infections, ocular synd...

Adult Onset Still's Disease with Autoimmune Haemolytic anaemia is a rare combination, difficult to diagnose but easy to manage. Literature to date reports only two cases. Hereby, we describe first of such a case from Pakistan. A 35 year old male, known case of Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia, presented with the complaints of high grade fever, fatigue...

The simultaneous presence of Takayasu's arteritis and beta thalassemia trait is a rare combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on Takayasu's arteritis and beta thalassemia presenting together. This is a case report of a 23-year-old Asian woman of Pakistani descent who presented with a headache, blurred vision and di...

To evaluate the cause, frequency and determinants of tremors at secondary care settings. A hospital based cross-sectional study for seven years (2002-2009) was carried out at Sindh Govt. Hospital (SGH) Liaqatabad No.10, Karachi. Sample size was 403 and sampling technique was Convenience sampling. A data collection form was designed and all essentia...

In order to compare the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate and leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, a double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out at the Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Korangi, Karachi. The sample size was 240 patients and the duration of the study was 1 year. The patients en...

To determine the frequency of joint laxity and hypermobility in adults at Industrial area of Karachi. An observational survey. The Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Karachi, from September to December 2008. Adults between the ages of 14-60 years presenting in the consultant OPD for different medical conditions were included a...

A middle aged lady presented with gradual increase in shortness of breath and reduced vision bilaterally. The patient had no history of Diabetes mellitus, hypertension or any other co-morbid illness. Examination revealed signs of right sided heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and neovascularization of retina. Echocardiography confirmed pulmonary...

Objective: To determine the myths and misconceptions about “Tremors” among those who developed this disorder and their health seeking behavior, and also among those who never had tremors, at the psycho-neurology and medical OPD of Sindh Govt. Hospital, Liaqatabad no.10, Karachi. Methods: A single centre based cross-sectional survey, conducted from...

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients belonging to low socio-economic group of Korangi industrial area, Karachi. Methods: A selective group of 400 (168 male and 232 female) were investigated for the pattern of autonomic neuropathy. Thorough history, detailed physical examination, ECG monitori...

Headache disorders are ranked amongst the ten most disabling conditions in the world by World Health Organization (WHO). The global prevalence of active headache diseases in the adult population is 46%. Tension-type headache and migraine are the two most common headache disorders affecting 42% and 11% adults respectively. About 3% of the world's po...

Levofloxacin is widely used in infections especially respiratory. It is generally regarded as safe. Very few side effects are reported by patients. Here we report a case of possible levofloxacin-induced bilateral Achilles tendonitis in a young male to warn users of this possible complication.

Objectives: To asses the treatment compliance and effectiveness of DOTS program at a secondary health facility level. Material & Methods: A Hospital based Cross Sectional study. Patients attending TB clinic at Taluka Hospital SajawaL District Thatta Sindh. a secondary health facility during 2003-2004. A total of 240 Patients were enrolled for the s...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the common causes and clinical presentations of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation at periphery of Karachi. Material and Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted by the department of Medicine at Jinnah Medical & Dental College Hospital, Korangi, from January 08 to December 08. Jinnah Med...

To compare the effects of metformin HCl with diet and exercise on the carbohydrate metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome a clinical trial was carried out on one hundred infertile females having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with ages between 20-40 years. They were enrolled from the infertility clinic of a private hospital in Karachi from 2001...

Objective:To find out the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus among the healthy volunteer blood donors at Taulka hospital Sujjawal, district Thatta, Sindh. Methods: It was hospital based Cross Sectional study carried out from August 2004 to May 2005 at Taulka hospital Sujjawal, district Thatta, Sindh. All healthy volunteer blood donors reporting...