Muhammad Agil

Bogor Agricultural University | IPB · Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology

In areas where primates are threatened, environmental education interventions are a key way to increase the local population’s knowledge of their environment and encourage positive attitudes and habits to preserve the environment and wildlife on a local and global scale. This study assesses the impact of Tangkoko Conservation Education (TCE), the M...

Bali cattle are the indigenous cattle well known attributed to their high fertility. Various proteomes in sperm are substances that can determine sperm quality and fertility. One of which is alpha enolase (ENO1). This study aims to assess the presence of ENO1 in the plasma membrane of sperm and its relationship with the semen quality of Bali cattle...

Morphology and morphometry of spermatozoa become essential fertility parameters in domestic and wild animals. Such morphological abnormalities can arise from genetic or environmental origins and cause fertility deprivation. Semen collection using transrectal massage has been used in several domestic and wild animals and is known to be simpler, saf...

Rosyada ZNA, Yoelinda VT, Kaiin EM, Gunawan M, Ulum MF, Tumbelaka LITA, Solihin DD, Agil M, Gunawan A, Purwantara B. 2023. Sperm osteopontin mRNA expression levels and its correlation on semen quality and fertility in Madura bulls. Biodiversitas 24: 563-570. Osteopontin (OPN) gene transcripts influence spermatogenesis and germ cell development. The...

Standar kualitas semen yang berperan penting dalam keberhasilan inseminasi buatan (IB) sebagai upaya peningkatan populasi dan mutu ternak sapi di Indonesia terbukti tidak seutuhnya mampu menentukan tingkat fertilitas sapi pejantan di Indonesia. Studi terbaru membuktikan bahwa meskipun sudah memenuhi standar kualitas semen yang sudah ditetapkan, nam...

Standar kualitas semen yang berperan penting dalam keberhasilan inseminasi buatan (IB) sebagai upaya peningkatan populasi dan mutu ternak sapi di Indonesia terbukti tidak seutuhnya mampu menentukan tingkat fertilitas sapi pejantan di Indonesia. Studi terbaru membuktikan bahwa meskipun sudah memenuhi standar kualitas semen yang sudah ditetapkan, nam...

Antibodi imunoglobulin G (IgG) merupakan salah satu immunoglobulin yang dikandung oleh antibodi anti-sperma (ASA) yang terdapat pada saluran reproduksi betina. Imunoglobulin G dapt berikatan dengan protein-protein yang berpotensi sebagai protein antigenik seperti alfa enolase (ENO1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dinamika dan pote...

There is an assumption that apparent tolerance of tourists at long-running primate tourism sites indicates habituation and that as a result primates no longer experience negative consequences of prolonged exposure to visitors. We examined effects of tourist presence on stress-related behavior in three groups of critically endangered, wild crested m...

Gamete collection is feasible in Banteng ( Bos javanicus ) and is essential for conserving this species. The common practice of semen collection in wild animals is using the electroejaculation technique which is considered invasive with lower-quality results. This study aims to develop sperm collection further using an artificial vagina and to inve...

Ambiguity in communicative signals may lead to misunderstandings and thus reduce the effectiveness of communication, especially in unpredictable interactions such as between closely matched rivals or those with a weak social bond. Therefore, signals used in these circumstances should be less ambiguous, more stereotyped and more intense. To test thi...

Coalition formation is one of the most striking forms of cooperation found in animals. Yet, there is substantial variation between taxa regarding the mechanisms by which coalitions can result in fitness consequences. Here, we investigate the influence of coalitions on dominance rank trajectories and subsequently on reproductive success in wild male...

Functional genes and proteins in sperm play an essential role in bulls’ reproductive processes. They are more accurate in determining bull fertility than conventional semen quality tests. Protamine-1 (PRM1) is a gene or protein crucial for packaging and protecting sperm DNA until fertilization affects normal sperm function. This study analyzes the...

Repeat breeding is condition of cows that have normal or near normal estrous cycles but fail to become pregnant after several insemination. In this study, we investigated the microbes in the cervical and vaginal mucus of beef cattle and dairy cows that experience repeat breeding and detected the pregnancy after the third or more artificial insemina...

(Full manuscript available for free up to the 19th October 2021 here: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1dfmfmjLwpaL ) Lethal gang attacks, in which multiple aggressors attack a single victim, are among the most widespread forms of violence between human groups. Gang attacks are also frequent in some other social mammals, such as chimpanzees, Pan tr...

Background and Aim: Protamine (PRM) is the major protein in the sperm nucleus and plays an essential role in its normal function. Moreover, PRM has great potential as a protein marker of semen production and quality. This study aimed to assess the potential of sperm bovine PRM as a protein marker of semen production and quality in bulls at the Nati...

High social status is the primary determinant of reproductive success among group-living male mammals. Primates living in multimale–multifemale groups show the greatest variation in the strength of this link, with marked variation in reproductive skew by male dominance among species, dependent on the degree of female fertile phase synchrony, and th...

Sexual coercion, in the form of forced copulations, is relatively frequently observed in orangutans and generally attributed to their semi-solitary lifestyle. High ecological costs of association for females may be responsible for this lifestyle and may have prevented the evolution of morphological fertility indicators (e.g., sexual swellings), whi...

Lethal gang attacks, in which multiple aggressors attack a single victim, are among the most widespread forms of violence between human groups. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), as well as wolves (Canis lupus), spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta), and lions (Panthera leo), perform gang attacks during raids. In raids, a few individuals of a group enter a...

Background and aim: Various factors can reduce the quality of semen used for artificial insemination and have an impact on fertility decline, such as poor handling during frozen semen distribution. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of frozen-thawed semen after distribution in the field and its importance in maintaining fertility. Mate...

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik gambaran sel-sel ephitelial vagina dan gejala klinis estrus pada banteng. Sebanyak 2 ekor banteng betina yang sehat, sudah dewasa kelamin dan pernah beranak diobservasi secara klinis selama siklus estrus normal dan dilakukan pengambilan sampel ulas vagina. Observasi gejala klinis estrus da...

Objectives While it has been demonstrated that even subtle variation in human facial expressions can lead to significant changes in the meaning and function of expressions, relatively few studies have examined primate facial expressions using similarly objective and rigorous analysis. Construction of primate facial expression repertoires may, there...

Crested macaque live in multimale-multifemale social groups where temporary association (consortship) typically occurs. Current theory and these limited qualitative observations suggest the hypothesis that behavior functions as a means for males to gain access to fertile females. The aim of this study was to investigate follower status based on qua...

Although it is well established that female crested macaques ( Macaca nigra ) display very tolerant social styles, less is known about the extent to which crested macaque males can be characterized by the social style concept. We examined core social style traits and other measures of social interactions in three groups of wild crested macaque male...

Background: To obtain accurate measurements of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) in Aceh cattle, commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits need to be carefully validated. Moreover, repeated freeze-thaw cycles during the storage of the samples may affect the stability of the hormones in the serum. Here, the reliability of C and T con...

Fertility is the most important aspect in the efforts to increase livestock populations. Protamine and various proteins in sperm and seminal plasma are the results of the molecular analysis which can be used as a marker of fertility. Each of the proteins plays an important role in the normal function of sperm, starting from the formation of sperm s...

The Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis is on the edge of extinction. The decline of this species was initially attributed to poaching and habitat loss, but evidence presented here indicates that reproductive failure has also been a significant cause of loss, and continues to affect wild populations. Indonesia’s remaining populations of Su...

Background: To obtain accurate measurements of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) in Aceh cattle, commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits need to be carefully validated. Moreover, repeated freeze-thaw cycles during the storage of the samples may affect the stability of the hormones in the serum. Here, the reliability of C and T con...

Semen collection in wild animals may be challenging for some methods such as electro ejaculator may cause pain and distress to the animals. Transrectal massage has been widely used in domestic and wild animals semen collection. Even though an artificial vagina may provide a condition that mimics the female reproductive tract and known to provide be...

Frozen-thawed Belgian Blue (BB) Embryo transfer (TE) is an effort of fulfilling meat demand in Indonesia. This research aimed at observing the correlation between estrus expressions of standing heat and the correlation of CL characteristics on the success rate of frozen-thawed BB embryo transfer. The study was conducted on 55 recipient cattle with...

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the age of bulls on sperm motility and DNA fragmentation and its impact on fertility. Ninety-six frozen semen straw from eight bulls were divided into four groups based on age (group-1: 5-6 years; group-2: 7-8 years; group-3: 9-10 years; group-4: 11-12 years). Total and progressive motility were detected by...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode deteksi kebuntingan dini menggunakan ultrasonography (USG) dan pemeriksaan steroid (progesteron dan estrogen) pada sapi. Sebanyak sepuluh ekor sapi diperiksa di peternakan sapi perah Kawasan Usaha Peternakan Cibungbulang, Bogor. Lima ekor dideteksi bunting dini dan lima ekor tidak bunting...

Background: To obtain accurate measurements of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) in Aceh cattle, commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits need to be carefully validated. Moreover, repeated freeze-thaw cycles during the storage of the samples may affect the stability of the hormones in the serum. Here, we test the reliability of C a...

Neem has antispermatogenic effect in animals and male men. The objectives of this research to evaluate the effect of aqueous seed extract of neem on the structure of testis. Male mice of DDY strain were divided into five groups. Group I as a control group (C1-1) with the absence of treatment. Group II and III (s1-1 and s2-1) were orally treated by...

Medicinal plants have been widely used to increase or regulate fertility. Azadirachta indica A. Juss belongs to the Meliaceae family has antispermatogenic effects in animals and male reproductive organs and often is used as medication for various applications. The objective of this research was to investigate the histology of liver after influence...

Penentuan status reproduksi pada satwa liar atau satwa yang ditangkarkan merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam manajemen pengembangbiakan satwa. Evaluasi metabolit hormon estrogen dan progesteron secara non-invasive dari sampel feses untuk memonitor fungsi reproduksi telah dilakukan sejak lama pada beberapa spesies mamalia. Validasi asai pada...

The wild population of spectral tarsier is declining and attempts to breed the species in captivity have been of limited success. One possible reason for this is that information on the reproductive biology of Tarsius tarsier is extremely limited and data on the species reproductive physiology are completely lacking. We validated fecal estrogen (E‐...

Stages of the seminiferous epithelium of the testis of the wild Javan muntjac ( Muntiacus muntjak muntjak ) in hard antler period were characterized based on the tubular morphology method. The number and the relative frequencies of seminiferous epithelium stages and the morphometry of germinal cell nuclei were identified microscopically. We identif...

Tarsius spectrum is a primate species endemic to Sulawesi. Populations of the species have decreased due to habitat destruction and hunting. The sexual behaviour of T. bancanus and T. syrichta are known, but that of T. spectrum has not been reported until recently. The aim of this research was to study the sexual behaviour of T. spectrum in captivi...

This study aimed to improve reproductive condition of postpartum anestrus of Etawa crossbreed (PE) goats using PGF2α hormone or progesterone (controlled internal drug release/CIDR-G) and improve pregnancy success from artificial insemination (AI) with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) hormone administration. Administration of progesterone increas...

Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. However, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. We conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability...

Examination on whether female and/or male reproductive strategies affect the outcome of intergroup encounters in crested macaques

The intensity of the sex skin coloration of crested macaques chan·ges time to time until the time of partus which suggests that the signal can be used for assessing the parturition. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the change of sex skin coloration as a reliable signal for assessing the timing of partus and to demonstra...

Spektrofotometer adalah sistem baku berbasis kolorimetri dalam pengukuran kadar Hemoglobin (Hb). Penggunaan scanner untuk mengukur kadar Hb berbasis kolorimetri telah dilakukan sebagai sistem alternatif. Kurva baku kanal warna scanner yang paling curam adalah blue . Perbandingan kurva baku spektrofotometer dengan kanal warna blue menunjukan nilai y...

Past and ongoing vertebrate introductions threaten to rearrange ecological communities in the Indo-Malay Archipelago, one of Earth's most biodiverse regions. But the consequences of these translocations are difficult to predict. We compared local abundance and distributions in four tropical mammal lineages that have crossed from Asia to Wallacea or...

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles and short-term storage of fecal extracts at ambient temperature on the stability of fecal glucocorticoid (fGCM) and estrogen metabolite (fEM) levels from crested macaques.In total 100 aliquots of fecal extracts from fecal samples collected from female crested maca...

Social bonds between group members affect individual fitness and well-being. While the impact of bond strength is well studied, the consequences of bond predictability and equitability are often overlooked. Similarly, whether bonds reflect short-term contingencies and/or long-term social strategies remains understudied. We investigated these questi...

In gregarious species, dispersal events represent one of the most dramatic changes in social life and environment an animal will experience during life due to increased predation risk, aggression from unfamiliar conspecifics and the lack of social support. However, little is known about how individuals respond physiologically to dispersal and wheth...

Measuring hormone metabolites from feces is the most often used method to assess hormonal status in wildlife. Although immediate freezing of fecal samples collected in the field is the best method to minimize the risk of degradation of hormones over time, this is often not possible in remote field sites. Therefore, alternative storage and preservat...

The present study examines anatomy of Gayo mare reproductive organs. This study used three sample of Gayo mare reproductive organs (n= 3) for observation of morphology and morphometric of the mare reproductive organs. The ovarium was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution then followed by histological method and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (...

Immigration into a new group can produce substantial costs due to resistance from residents, but also reproductive benefits. Whether or not individuals base their immigration strategy on prospective cost-benefit ratios remains unknown. We investigated individual immigration decisions in crested macaques, a primate species with a high reproductive s...

In promiscuous primates, interactions between adult males and infants have rarely been investigated. However, recent evidence suggests that male affiliation towards infants has an influence on several aspects of the infants' life. Furthermore, affiliations may be associated with male reproductive strategy. In this study, we examined which social fa...

Assessments on the steroid hormones profile play an important role in understanding the physiology of species. In the last several decades an alternative method has been developed to monitor steroid hormones through measurements of steroid hormones metabolites excreted in feces and known as a non-invasive method. This method enables continues sampl...

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji anatomi organ reproduksi kuda gayo. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel organ reproduksi kuda gayo betina (n= 3) untuk pengamatan morfologi dan morfometri organ reproduksi kuda. Ovarium difiksasi dalam larutan paraformaldehid 4% untuk pembuatan preparat histologis, selanjutnya dilakukan pewarnaan hematoksilin...

Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities for wildlife research. Different types of samples, however, involve different limitations and certain physiological markers (e.g., C-peptide, oxytocin) can only be reliably measured from urine. Common collection methods for urine to date work best for...

Among primates, orangutans are unique in having pronounced male bimaturism leading to two fully adult morphs that differ in both physical appearance and behavior. While unflanged males have a female-like appearance, flanged males have the full suite of secondary sexual characteristics, including cheek flanges and a large throat sac. So far, hormona...

In species with a high male reproductive skew, competition between males for the top dominant position is high and escalated fights are common between competitors. As a consequence, challenges incur potentially high costs. Selection should favor males who time an alpha male challenge to maximize chances of a successful outcome minimizing costs. Des...

The challenge hypothesis (Wingfield et al., 1990) has been broadly utilised as a conceptual framework to study male androgen correlates of reproductive challenges in mammals. These studies mainly assessed male androgen responsiveness to a general degree of challenge over extended periods of time. Short term co-variation between the socio-sexual cha...

Premature loss of offspring decreases direct fitness of parents. In gregarious mammals, both ecological and social variables impact offspring survival and may interact with each other in this regard. Although a number of studies have investigated factors influencing offspring loss in mammals, we still know very little on how different factors inter...