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Publications (91)
Interleaving of thermoplastic veils within carbon fibre composites is a method commonly utilised to increase the fracture toughness of composite materials. Previous studies have presented a range of fracture toughness values attributed to the inclusion of polyamide based thermoplastic veils; however, a large portion of these have remained focused o...
Foamed specimens were fabricated from virgin and recycled polyethylenes (linear low-density polyethylene, LLDPE, and low-density polyethylene, LDPE) using low-cost citric acid and sodium bicarbonate foaming agents. The foaming agents chosen showed decomposition behaviour either without phase change (sodium bicarbonate, NaB) or liquefaction followed...
The introduction of ISO 4410:2023 for in-plane permeability established reliable measurement standards for composite manufacturing, yet no reference medium exists for through-thickness permeability. This study extends in-plane calibration to through-thickness measurements using textile-structured porous media fabricated via advanced 3D printing tec...
Shredded mattress waste was valorised into an insulation material via the addition of a cellulose/urea gel. The addition of the cellulose-based gel was found to successfully bond the miscellaneous shred, creating a composite with a unique pore structure. The composites were tested for their thermal conductivity to explore their use as insulation ma...
A composite material comprising expanded polystyrene (EPS), granulated tyre rubber (GTR), and a compatibilizer is demonstrated as a possible replacement for fine and coarse agglomerates in mortar and concrete systems, respectively. Two different polymer blending processes (solvent/low shear blending and melt/high shear blending) are used, and the r...
Additive manufacturing (AM) defects present significant challenges in fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (FRTPCs), directly impacting both their structural and non-structural performance. In structures produced through material extrusion-based AM, specifically fused filament fabrication (FFF), the layer-by-layer deposition can introduce defe...
Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) represent a distinct class of materials that have garnered significant interest for their utilisation in diverse industrial and engineering applications. A prominent attribute of LCPs is their stimuli‐responsiveness. These materials can undergo deformation and subsequently recover their original shapes when subjec...
The Resin Transfer Moulding process receives great attention from both academia and industry, owing to its superior manufacturing rate and product quality. Particularly, the progression of its mould filling stage is crucial to ensure a complete reinforcement saturation. Contemporary process simulation methods focus primarily on physics-based approa...
Economic and environmental concerns over the accumulation of end-of-life carbon fibre composite waste have led to increased attention to sustainable materials with low environmental impact. Over decades of research, vitrimers, a modern class of covalent adaptable networks, have bridged the gap between thermoplastics and thermosets. With the disting...
In the field of advanced manufacturing technology, there is a growing need for high-precision micro/nano positioners. The traditional single stage actuated positioners have encountered performance limitation in achieving longer travel range and higher precision. This motivates us to develop a novel dual stage piezoelectric-actuated micropositioner...
Sixteen-head automatic tape laying of non-crimped carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic is performed, and the fibre alignment is compared with that produced via hand laying. The effect of fibre alignment is tested via quasi-static and cyclic three-point bending tests. Using the Fill Multilayer (a 16-head tape-laying machine), precision fibre laying of un...
Monitoring object displacement is critical for structural health monitoring (SHM). Radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors can be used for this purpose. Using more sensors enhances displacement estimation accuracy, especially when it is realized through the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting the direction of arrival of the...
In this work, we present a proof of concept for both 3D-printed media and a machine learning analysis methodology to investigate void formation and transport during liquid filling. Through a series of experiments, we characterized void formation and transport at constant flow rates using two calibrated fabric-like porous geometries created by Stere...
The utilisation of numerical process simulation has greatly facilitated the challenging task of liquid composite moulding (LCM) process optimisation, providing ease of solution evaluation at a significantly reduced cost compared to complete reliance on physical prototyping. However, due to the process complexity, such process simulation is still co...
Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are used in various applications and industries such as aerospace, automotive, marine, and energy. Therefore, monitoring their integrity is critical from both safety and economic viewpoints. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods can help detect defects or damage in FRPs during manufacturing or while in use. In this...
Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are stimuli-responsive materials utilised in shape memory applications. The processability of these materials via advanced manufacturing is being paid increasing attention to advance their volume production on an industrial scale. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM)...
While the mechanical performance of fused filament fabrication (FFF) parts has been extensively studied in terms of the tensile and bending strength, limited research accounts for their compressive performance. This study investigates the effect of four process parameters (layer height, extrusion width, nozzle temperature, and printing speed) on th...
Process simulation is frequently adopted to facilitate the optimization of the resin transfer molding process. However, it is computationally costly to simulate the multi-physical, multi-scale process, making it infeasible for applications involving huge datasets. In this study, the application of K-nearest neighbors and artificial neural network m...
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes present unique opportunities for the repair of high-value-added industrial and consumer plastic products, which otherwise are destined for the landfill at the end of their life and contribute to the growing environmental and health issues. In this work, we propose a novel method of integrating fused filament-ba...
Treatment of critical size defects is quite challenging, often requiring autologous bone grafts for bone regeneration. A massive volume of autologous bone is essential during this process to fill the defect leading to donor site morbidity. Although 3D printed PCL scaffolds are frequently utilised for bone correction procedures, there have been repo...
Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are stimuli-responsive materials with potential use in shape memory applications. Though particularly suited for shape memory, the LCEs however have some drawbacks such as low shape fixity (Rf) and slow recovery time. To overcome these limitations, new lignin-filled elastomeric liquid crystalline (ELC) composite...
The interface of hybrid carbon/E-glass fibres composite is interlayered with Xantu.layr® polyamide 6,6 nanofibre veil to localise cracking to promote a gradual failure. The pseudo-ductile response of these novel stacking sequences examined under quasi-static three-point bending show a change to the failure mechanism. The change in failure mechanism...
In this study, a eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloy and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were employed as reinforcements for a comonomer vinyl ester (cVE) resin at different weight fractions up to 2% via a direct polymerization process. First, the effect of EGaIn on the curing kinetics of cVE was evaluated. The thermal and mechanical properties, an...
The emerging Additive manufacturing technologies are being adopted by different industries, which require developing new materials and procedures. Here we report the development of polypropylene (PP) based composite materials for fused filament fabrication (FFF) process with the aim of enabling fully automatic robotic repair application of plastic...
Several environmental and techno-economic assessments highlighted the advantage of placing polystyrene-based materials in a circular loop, from production to waste generation to product refabrication, either following the mechanical or thermochemical routes. This review provides an assortment of promising approaches to solving the dilemma of polyst...
Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are small, low-cost, wearable, and wireless sensors that can detect movement in structures, humans, or robots. In this paper, we use passive RFID tags for structural health monitoring by detecting displacements. We employ a novel process of using 3D printable embedded passive RFID tags within uniform linea...
The optimisation of the Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) process, a widely adopted composites manufacturing process, has received heavy research attention lately as the demand for lightweight structural components grows. In this study, a novel multistage heuristic optimisation framework is proposed to optimise the radial injection configuration for th...
As the volume of plastics produced, used, and discarded around the world continues to increase, the environmental pollution presented by these polymers and their by-products continues to be impacted. Different methods and techniques have been proposed to evaluate plastics in environmental samples, including soils. However, in most cases, the effect...
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has attained its reputation due to the capability of rapidly fabricating prototypes from concept design to real parts in shorter time and lower cost than traditional manufacturing processes. This study sheds light on the dynamic mechanical properties of Polyphenylsulfone (PPSF) material fabricated by FDM additive ma...
The stiffness degradation of hybrid carbon/glass fibre composites are investigated under cyclic loading in three-point bending. The composites are compared to toughened composites interlayered with PA 6,6 nanofibre (veil) and a matrix toughened with 5% rubber particulate. With the incorporation of veil into the hybridised composite, the hybrid inte...
Regenerative biomaterials play a crucial role in the success of maxillofacial reconstructive procedures. Yet today, limited options are available when choosing polymeric biomaterials to treat critical size bony defects. Further, there is a requirement for 3D printable regenerative biomaterials to fabricate customized structures confined to the defe...
The surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was successfully modified with methacryloyl chloride to create esterified CNCs (M/CNCs). The modification was confirmed by Fourier Transfer Infra-Red Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Zeta potential measurement. With increased surface hydrophobicity, this modified CNC material exhibited...
Rotomolded uncompatibilized composites of LLDPE with softwood and hardwood flour dispersed phases are compared and contrasted with respect to their static (tensile, flexural and impact) and dynamic (creep modelling, storage and loss moduli) mechanical properties and transport (oxygen permeability). The static and dynamic mechanical properties are a...
There is an enormous demand for bone graft biomaterials to treat developmental and acquired bony defects arising from infections, trauma, tumor, and other conditions. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been extensively utilized for bone tissue engineering but limited cellular interaction and tissue integration are the primary concerns. PCL‐based composites...
Shape memory elastomers (SMEs) are a class of intelligent materials characterized by their ability to deform and recover shapes under applied force and external stimuli. Heat and ultraviolet radiation are examples of the most common external stimuli. With the emerging prevalence of internet of things devices and the ensuing need for smart materials...
Process modelling and simulation for composites manufacturing have advanced remarkably lately, evolving from just an assistive design tool to playing a pivotal role in the optimisation of Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) processes. In particular, to improve the mould filling stage, the placement optimisation of resin injection gates and air vents on...
Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation techniques are increasingly being adopted as efficient computational tools to design novel and exotic classes of materials for which traditional methods of synthesis and prototyping are either too costly, unsafe, and time-consuming in laboratory settings. Of such class of materials are liquid crystalline elastomers...
The use of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations for predicting subtle structural, thermomechanical and related characteristics of lignocellulosic systems is studied. A historical perspective and the current state of the art are discussed. The use of parameterised MD force fields, scaling up simulations via high performance computing and intrinsic mo...
The ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator is a kind of soft actuator that can work for underwater applications. However, IPMC actuator control suffers from high nonlinearity due to the existence of inherent creep and hysteresis phenomena. Furthermore, for underwater applications, they are highly exposed to parametric uncertainties and exter...
Attributable to complex structural characteristics, the 3-D hierarchical structures possess different failure modes as compared to the traditional laminate structures, resulting in improved impact resistance properties. In this work, a comprehensive study of ballistic performance of 3-D woven and 3-D knitted structures has been undertaken and suita...
This paper presents a novel 3D-printable polymer-based liquid antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) in the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band. Fused deposition modelling, the most widespread and inexpensive 3D printing technique, is used for printing a substrate including polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). An ALN-...
The compressive properties of a novel 3D tetrachiral auxetic structure have been investigated in this study. The 3D unit cell has been developed with solid cubes and struts. Two types of this structure with different struts lengths have been proposed. A 3D printing process, Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) has been employed to print six samples from polyamid...
To produce plastic parts of high geometrical quality and dimensional stability through injection moulding process there are several key variables that must be considered. These include processing parameters such as packing time, cooling time, packing pressure, melt temperature, mould temperature and the intrinsic melt flow characteristics of polyme...
Two Australian native wooden sources (Acacia Mangium and Eucalyptus Globulus) derived pulps were explored as raw feed stocks to prepare the valuable nanomaterial of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). After bleaching and acid hydrolysis, cellulose nanocrystals were successfully produced with high yields of approximately 60% for both kraft pulps. Accordin...
Composite filament materials with embedded sensors are increasing in demand to create 3D printed hierarchical sensor structures in a cost-effective and scalable way for the development of wearable and geometry-conforming sensing devices. Traditional methods of encapsulating sensors with polymers are implemented through techniques such as adhesive b...
Graphene has become an important research focus in many current fields of science including composite manufacturing. Developmental work in the field of graphene‐enhanced composites has revealed several functional and structural characteristics that promise great benefits for their use in a broad range of applications. There has been much interest i...
Permeation is a combination of diffusion and sorption phenomena. The extent of permeation (gas/vapor/liquid) through a composite polymer material is a function of several factors including the composition of the polymer, the nature, distribution, and spatial orientation of the different phases in the micro-structure of the matrix polymer and those...
The potential for polymer natural fiber composites for manufacturing storage units for products with high ethanol content is explored. The influence of ethanol diffusion into the microstructure of the storage unit on its long‐term mechanical (specifically creep compliance) and viscoelastic properties are measured. Burger's model for polymer viscoel...
This paper presents the first comparative study of fabricating reference porous media with three different additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, namely Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and HP Multi Jet Fusion (MJF). Various parameters in each step of these 3D printed reference media that contribute to model inaccuracy, in...
Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are the two most widely used plastics, which are not compatible with recycling as a blend. In this research work, two different compositions of recycled PP/PET ribbon 65/35 (v/v %) and 78/22 (v/v%) along with 5% (wt%) of polypropylene‐grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) as compatibilizer were...
Using Molecular Dynamics (MD), molecules of LLDPE and pine flour were constructed. The material properties of the molecules, specifically microporosity and elastic moduli, were compared to experiment. A semi empirical modelling approach was used to fit the simulated data to the experimental composite moduli. The model of Carman and Reifsnider and t...
The design freedom to create complex shapes and parts is one of the major benefits offered by the 3D printing manufacturing process. The aim of this study is to utilize this advantage to tailor and optimize cellular materials for impact energy-absorbing applications. The energy-absorbing performance of two types of lattice structure, namely, octago...
The effects of relatively high‐ and low‐shear processing on the macroscopic and microscopic porosities of a standard packaging polymer—linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and its composites with pine flour are studied. The macroscopic porosities, represented by deviations of observed density from the theoretical density, primarily drive the tre...
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are a class of nanoscale biopolymers produced from cellulose sources. CNC materials have gained growing interests which can be attributed to their excellent properties such as excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and high aspect ratio whilst also being an inexpensive material that can be produced from...
The present study aims to design high performance functionalized lignin-epoxy composites. In this work, the triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid (IL) was introduced onto the surface of lignin micro/nanoparticles while it was extracted from biomass, to prepare a highly functional and reinforcing IL-Lignin filler in an epoxy matrix. A bio-...
In this study, an economically-viable methodology is discussed where a blend of post-consumer recycled (PCR) plastics and post-industrial scrap (PIS) polymers is refined and used as the feedstock for manufacturing of interior structural products for automotive industry. A comprehensive thermo-mechanical characterisation suggest that feedstock obtai...
Controlling the extent of permeant (gas/vapour/liquid) transport through a polymer is critical in packaging applications. This can be achieved by changing the chemical and physical nature of the polymer, blending the polymer with another, dispersing particulate, fibrillar or lamellar fillers, converting the microstructure of the polymer to a cellul...
Parallel robots feature several favourable properties, including the potential for high acceleration and accuracy. However, in order to minimise cycle times and optimise the usage of factory space, industrial applications commonly include multiple closely mounted robots, working on the same or closely located objects. As parallel robots generally s...
Unlike stochastic foams, 3D printed lattice structures can be created with a tailored microstructure to achieve the desired global mechanical properties. In this study, quasi-static energy absorption of six polymeric lattice structures of different unit cell topologies and deformation behaviours but with identical relative density are investigated....
This paper is investigating a more environment-friendly type of alkali-activated materials so-called boroaluminosilicate geopolymer (BASG). The microstructural and thermal behaviour of boroaluminosilicate geopolymers is studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. The chemical bonds...
In this study, a Molecular Dynamics (MD) based computational approach was used to study the diffusion of oxygen through a model semicrystalline polymer, namely Linear Low density Polyethylene (LLDPE). The simulated molecules were validated by comparing the predicted properties with experimental values of available free volumes, in atomic scale, usi...
With advances in 3D printing technology, now honeycomb structures can be made with virtually unlimited unit cell geometries and cell arrangements giving a wide range of possible mechanical properties. However, studies on such structures have been mainly limited to the hexagonal honeycombs with little work done on other cell geometries. This paper i...
Due to its superior electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties, graphene is considered to
be the most promising candidate for constructing energy storage and conversion devices. One
important way to exploit potentials of graphene is to create graphene composites with other
functional materials. Graphene-based hybrid composites (GHCs) have been...
Honeycomb structures have been widely used for impact protection and energy absorption applications. However, studies on such structures have been mainly limited to metallic honeycombs with little research done on polymeric honeycomb structures. The purpose of this paper is to study the in-plane static compressive crushing behaviour and energy abso...
Rapid tooling (RT) and rapid manufacturing (RM) technologies have demonstrated the potential to manufacture injection molds with cooling channels, which are conformal to the molding cavity. This article presents a study involving fabrication of square cross sectional conformal cooling channel (SCSCCC) using laser based rapid manufacturing process o...
In fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing process, it is often difficult to determine the actual levels of process parameters in order to achieve the best dynamic mechanical properties of FDM manufactured part. This is mainly due to the large number of FDM parameters and a high degree of interaction between the parameters affecting...
This paper investigates the fatigue behaviour of polylactic acid (PLA) parts processed by fused deposition modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing process. PLA is becoming a commonly used thermoplastic in open-source FDM machines for various engineering applications and it is essential that mechanical properties and performance of FDM-processed PLA...
In recent years, tissue engineering (TE) has received more and more attention from scientific and research communities. One of the main requirements of this new approach is the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds with required geometrical and mechanical properties. In TE, highly porous scaffold structures are required to provid...
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has attained its reputation due to the capability of rapidly fabricating prototypes from concept design to real parts in shorter time and lower cost than traditional manufacturing processes. This study sheds light on the dynamic mechanical properties of Polyphenylsulfone (PPSF) material fabricated by FDM additive ma...
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) of thermoplastic materials is generally a well-known technology among all additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanical properties of such FDM processed materials. Several open-source and low cost AM machines, known as 3D Printers, have recently been developed...
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), a renowned Rapid Prototyping (RP) process, has been successfully implemented in several industries to fabricate concept models and prototypes for rapid manufacturing. This study furnishes terse notes about the material damping properties of FDM made ULTEM samples considering the effect of FDM process parameters. Dy...
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), a renowned Rapid Prototyping (RP) process, has been successfully implemented in several industries to fabricate concept models and prototypes for rapid manufacturing. This study furnishes terse notes about the material damping properties of FDM made ULTEM samples considering the effect of FDM process parameters. Dy...
In the present study, the mechanical properties of recycled ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/commingled thermoplastic polymer (CTP) composite material are investigated. The recycled CTP was blended with recycled EVA at different fractions by weight to form CTP/EVA composites.Test specimens of CTP/EVA composites were produced using compression moulding...
This paper presents an investigation of dynamic mechanical behaviour of metal-polymer filaments developed for Fused Deposition Modeling rapid prototyping for rapid tooling and product development. The metal-polymer filaments were made of iron particles dispersed in ABS matrix. Different compositions of iron by volume with different iron particle si...
This paper presents an investigation on thermal and mechanical properties of new metal-particle filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composites for applications in Fused Deposition Modeling rapid prototyping process. Test samples of Iron/ABS and Copper/ABS composites involving metal content up to 40% by volume have been made by controlled c...
This paper presents an investigation on rheological properties of a new ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)-Iron composite for application in Fused Deposition Modelling rapid prototyping process. Test samples of ABS-Iron composites have been made by controlled centrifugal mixing and thermal compounding through a single-screw extruder and compress...
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament based rapid prototyping system which offers the possibility of introducing new composite material for the FDM process as long as the new material can be made in feedstock filament form. Swinburne has been undertaking extensive research in development of new composite materials involving acrylonitrile-b...
This paper presents a numerical study of melt flow behaviour of ABS plastic through the melt flow tube of the liquefier head of the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping process using the finite element analysis. Main flow parameters including temperature, velocity and pressure drop have been investigated. Liquefier head of FDM machine...
Thermo-mechanical properties of a new metal-polymer composite consisting of an FDMgrade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) containing 10% fine iron particles by volume have been investigated experimentally. Thermal properties tested include glass transition temperature using Dynamic Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Heat Capacity using Differential Sca...
Thermo-mechanical properties of a new metal-polymer composite consisting of an FDM- grade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) containing 10% fine iron particles by volume have been investigated experimentally. Thermal properties tested include glass transition temperature using Dynamic Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Heat Capacity using Differential S...