
Moritz SchubotzUniversity of Konstanz | Uni-Konstanz · Department of Computer and Information Science
Moritz Schubotz
Ph.D. 2017
About
140
Publications
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Introduction
Moritz Schubotz currently works at the Department of Computer and Information Science, Universität Konstanz. Moritz does research in Information Science, Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence. Their current project is 'Math Information Retrieval'.
Additional affiliations
March 2012 - present
Education
October 2007 - September 2011
October 2006 - September 2007
Publications
Publications (140)
Mathematical research thrives on the effective dissemination and discovery of knowledge. zbMATH Open has emerged as a pivotal platform in this landscape, offering a comprehensive repository of mathematical literature. Beyond indexing and abstracting, it serves as a unified quality-assured infrastructure for finding, evaluating, and connecting mathe...
We report the ongoing efforts of swMATH, an integral part of zbMATH Open, to collect precise referencing software metadata. zbMATH Open is emerging as a unified platform offering a spectrum of mathematical resources, including mathematical software, formulas, reviews, and serial and mathematical item classification. zbMATH Open offers connection to...
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various natural language tasks, often achieving performances that surpass those of humans. Despite these advancements, the domain of mathematics presents a distinctive challenge, primarily due to its specialized structure and the precision it demands. In this study, we adopt...
MathML has been successful in improving the accessibility of mathematical notation on the web. All major screen readers support MathML to generate speech, allow navigation of the math, and generate braille. A troublesome area remains: handling ambiguous notations such as \( \vert x\vert\). While it is possible to speak this syntactically, anecdotal...
The sharing and citation of research data is becoming increasingly recognized as an essential building block in scientific research across various fields and disciplines. Sharing research data allows other researchers to reproduce results, replicate findings, and build on them. Ultimately, this will foster faster cycles in knowledge generation. Som...
The carbon footprint share of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has steadily increased in the past decade and is predicted to make up as much as 23 \% of global emissions in 2030. This shows a pressing need for developers, including the information retrieval community, to make their code more energy-efficient. In this projec...
Plagiarism is a pressing concern, even more so with the availability of large language models. Existing plagiarism detection systems reliably find copied and moderately reworded text but fail for idea plagiarism, especially in mathematical science, which heavily uses formal mathematical notation. We make two contributions. First, we establish a tax...
The Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) of the European Commission identifies Knowledge Graphs (KGs) as one of the most important technologies for building an interoperability framework and enabling data exchange among users across countries, sectors, and disciplines [1]. KG is a graph-structured knowledge base containing a terminology...
Citation-based Information Retrieval (IR) methods for scientific documents have proven effective for IR applications, such as Plagiarism Detection or Literature Recommender Systems in academic disciplines that use many references. In science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, researchers often employ mathematical concepts through formula no...
We present »PhysWikiQuiz«, a physics question generation and test engine. Our system, hosted by Wikimedia, utilizes Wikidata, an open, community-managed database, to acquire physics knowledge. For the teacher's input of a given concept name, it produces personalized questions for each individual student. Subsequently, it uses a Computer Algebra Sys...
In scientific publications, citations allow readers to assess the authenticity of the presented information and verify it in the original context. News articles, however, for various reasons do not contain citations and only rarely refer readers to further sources. As a result, readers often cannot assess the authenticity of the presented informati...
We tackle the problem of neural machine translation of mathematical formulae between ambiguous presentation languages and unambiguous content languages. Compared to neural machine translation on natural language, mathematical formulae have a much smaller vocabulary and much longer sequences of symbols, while their translation requires extreme preci...
This demo paper presents the first tool to annotate the reuse of text, images, and mathematical formulae in a document pair-TEIMMA. Annotating content reuse is particularly useful to develop plagiarism detection algorithms. Real-world content reuse is often obfuscated, which makes it challenging to identify such cases. TEIMMA allows entering the ob...
This project investigated new approaches and technologies to enhance the accessibility of mathematical content and its semantic information for a broad range of information retrieval applications. To achieve this goal, the project addressed three main research challenges: (1) syntactic analysis of mathematical expressions, (2) semantic enrichment o...
It allows any two parties that are either both on the same network or connected via the internet to transfer the contents of a file based on a particular sequence of words. Peer discovery happens via multicast DNS if both peers are on the same network or via entries in the distributed hash table (DHT) of the InterPlanetary File-System (IPFS) if bot...
Citation-based Information Retrieval (IR) methods for scientific documents have proven effective for IR applications, such as Plagiarism Detection or Literature Recommender Systems in academic disciplines that use many references. In science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, researchers often employ mathematical concepts through formula no...
Centralized networks inevitably exhibit single points of failure that malicious actors regularly target. Decentralized networks are more resilient if numerous participants contribute to the network’s functionality. Most decentralized networks employ incentive mechanisms to coordinate the participation and cooperation of peers and thereby ensure the...
The increasing number of questions on Question Answering (QA) platforms like Math Stack Exchange (MSE) signifies a growing information need to answer math-related questions. However, there is currently very little research on approaches for an open data QA system that retrieves mathematical formulae using their concept names or querying formula ide...
Small to medium-scale data science experiments often rely on research software developed ad-hoc by individual scientists or small teams. Often there is no time to make the research software fast, reusable, and open access. The consequence is twofold. First, subsequent researchers must spend significant work hours building upon the proposed hypothes...
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the use of digital learning or education platforms has significantly increased. Teachers now digitally distribute homework and provide exercise questions. In both cases, teachers need to continuously develop novel and individual questions. This process can be very time-consuming and should be facilitated and accelerated...
Recent years have witnessed growing consolidation of web operations. For example, the majority of web traffic now originates from a few organizations, and even micro-websites often choose to host on large pre-existing cloud infrastructures. In response to this, the "Decentralized Web" attempts to distribute ownership and operation of web services m...
Wikipedia combines the power of AI solutions and human reviewers to safeguard article quality. Quality control objectives include detecting malicious edits, fixing typos, and spotting inconsistent formatting. However, no automated quality control mechanisms currently exist for mathematical formulae. Spell checkers are widely used to highlight textu...
Good research data management is essential in modern-day lab work. Various solutions exist that are either highly specific or need a significant effort to be customized appropriately. This paper presents an integrated solution for individuals and small groups of researchers in data-driven deductive research. Our electronic lab book generates itself...
Small to medium-scale data science experiments often rely on research software developed ad-hoc by individual scientists or small teams. Often there is no time to make the research software fast, reusable, and open access. The consequence is twofold. First, subsequent researchers must spend significant work hours building upon the proposed hypothes...
Digital mathematical libraries assemble the knowledge of years of mathematical research. Numerous disciplines (e.g., physics, engineering, pure and applied mathematics) rely heavily on compendia gathered findings. Likewise, modern research applications rely more and more on computational solutions, which are often calculated and verified by compute...
Digital mathematical libraries assemble the knowledge of years of mathematical research. Numerous disciplines (e.g., physics, engineering, pure and applied mathematics) rely heavily on compendia gathered findings. Likewise, modern research applications rely more and more on computational solutions, which are often calculated and verified by compute...
Identifying cross-language plagiarism is challenging, especially for distant language pairs and sense-for-sense translations. We introduce the new multilingual retrieval model Cross-Language Ontology-Based Similarity Analysis (CL-OSA) for this task. CL-OSA represents documents as entity vectors obtained from the open knowledge graph Wikidata. Oppos...
Documents from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines usually contain a significant amount of mathematical formulae alongside text. Some Mathematical Information Retrieval (MathIR) systems, e.g., Mathematical Question Answering (MathQA), exploit knowledge from Wikidata. Therefore, the mathematical information needs to...
In scientific publications, citations allow readers to assess the authenticity of the presented information and verify it in the original context. News articles, however, for various reasons do not contain citations and only rarely refer readers to further sources. As a result, readers often cannot assess the authenticity of the presented informati...
We have developed an automated procedure for symbolic and numerical testing of formulae extracted from the NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (DLMF). For the NIST Digital Repository of Mathematical Formulae, we have developed conversion tools from semantic LaTeX to the Computer Algebra System (CAS) Maple which relies on Youssef's part-o...
Document preparation systems like LaTeX offer the ability to render mathematical expressions as one would write these on paper. Using LaTeX, LaTeXML, and tools generated for use in the National Institute of Standards (NIST) Digital Library of Mathematical Functions, semantically enhanced mathematical LaTeX markup (semantic LaTeX) is achieved by usi...
Mathematical formulae carry complex and essential semantic information in a variety of formats. Accessing this information with different systems requires a standardized machine-readable format that is capable of encoding presentational and semantic information. Even though MathML is an official recommendation by W3C and an ISO standard for represe...
Document subject classification is essential for structuring (digital) libraries and allowing readers to search within a specific field. Currently, the classification is typically made by human domain experts. Semi-supervised Machine Learning algorithms can support them by exploiting the labeled data to predict subject classes for unclassified new...
In our experiment, we created a cluster of containers in Docker to evaluate a private IPFS cluster for an academic data store focusing on availability, GET/PUT performance, and storage needs. As sample data, we used PDF files to analyze the data transport in our peer-to-peer network with Wireshark. We found that a bandwidth of at least 100 kbit/s i...
Ten years ago, the Mathematics Subject Classification MSC 2010 was released, and a corresponding machine-readable Linked Open Data collection was published using the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). Now, the new MSC 2020 is out. This paper recaps the last ten years of working on machine-readable MSC data and presents the new machine-rea...
Ten years ago, the Mathematics Subject Classification MSC 2010 was released, and a corresponding machine-readable Linked Open Data collection was published using the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). Now, the new MSC 2020 is out. This paper recaps the last ten years of working on machine-readable MSC data and presents the new machine-rea...
This paper reports on the recently launched zbMATH Links API. We discuss its potential based on the initial link partner, the National Institute of Standards and Technology Digital Library of Mathematical Functions. As the API provides machine readable data in the links, we show how one can use data from both sources for further analysis. To exempl...
In this article, we give motivation for the need for standardized machine interfaces to zbMATH open data, outline the target audience, describe our preliminary strategy to develop API interfaces, and report on the details of the first interface we implemented
We present zbMATH Open, the most comprehensive collection of reviews and bibliographic metadata of scholarly literature in mathematics. Besides our website https://zbMATH.org which is openly accessible since the beginning of this year, we provide API endpoints to offer our data. The API improves interoperability with others, i.e., digital libraries...
We present procd [pʁoːst], a python implementation for privacy preserving contact discovery. procd is a trustless solution that requires neither plaintext numbers nor hashes of single phone numbers to retrieve contacts. Instead, we transfer hashed combinations of multiple phone numbers, which increases the effort for dictionary attacks.
Mathematical information retrieval (MathIR) applications such as semantic formula search and question answering systems rely on knowledge-bases that link mathematical expressions to their natural language names.
For database population, mathematical formulae need to be annotated and linked to semantic concepts, which is very time-consuming.
In this...
The zbMATH database contains more than 4 million bibliographic entries. We aim to provide easy access to these entries. Therefore, we maintain different index structures, including a formula index. To optimize the findability of the entries in our database, we continuously investigate new approaches to satisfy the information needs of our users. We...
Authors of research papers in the fields of mathematics, and other math-heavy disciplines commonly employ the Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) scheme to search for relevant literature. The MSC is a hierarchical alphanumerical classification scheme that allows librarians to specify one or multiple codes for publications. Digital Libraries in...
Scientists increasingly rely on computer algebra systems and digital mathematical libraries to compute, validate, or experiment with mathematical formulae. However, the focus in digital mathematical libraries and scientific documents often lies more on an accurate presentation of the formulae rather than providing uniform access to the semantic inf...
Word embedding, which represents individual words with semantically fixed-length vectors, has made it possible to successfully apply deep learning to natural language processing tasks such as semantic role-modeling, question answering, and machine translation. As math text consists of natural text, as well as math expressions that similarly exhibit...
Authors of research papers in the fields of mathematics, and other math-heavy disciplines commonly employ the Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) scheme to search for relevant literature. The MSC is a hierarchical alphanumerical classification scheme that allows librarians to specify one or multiple codes for publications. Digital Libraries in...
Plagiarism detection systems are essential tools for safeguarding academic and educational integrity. However, today's systems require disclosing the full content of the input documents and the document collection to which the input documents are compared. Moreover, the systems are centralized and under the control of individual, typically commerci...
In this paper, we show how selecting and combining encodings of natural and mathematical language affect classification and clustering of documents with mathematical content. We demonstrate this by using sets of documents, sections, and abstracts from the arXiv preprint server that are labeled by their subject class (mathematics, computer science,...