Morihiro Sugishita

BRAIN AG | BRAIN

The validity and test-retest reliability of the Japanese version of the Mini Mental State Examination （MMSE-J）（Sugishita 2006）was preliminarily evaluated in 2010（Sugishita, Hemmi and JADNI, 2010）based on data from the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative（J-ADNI）. However, in March, 2014, Drs. Sugishita, M and Asada, T reported a tot...

The criterion-based validity of the Japanese version of the Mini Mental State Examination（MMSE-J） （Sugishita 2006） was preliminarily evaluated in 2010（Sugishita, Hemmi and JADNI 2010） based on data from 313 subjects who participated in the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative （J-ADNI）. Test-retest reliability was also preliminarily...

Objective: The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) is one of the most widely used screening instruments for depression among the elderly. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the GDS-15 (GDS-15-J) in comparison with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edit...

Background and purpose: The role of (18)F-FDG-PET in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is increasing and should be validated. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater variability in the interpretation of (18)F-FDG-PET images obtained in the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a multicenter clinical research project....

Mutations in MAPT cause frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Patients with the MAPT R406W mutation were reported to show phenotypic heterogeneity in different ethnic backgrounds. We here report the clinical and genetic characteristics of Japanese families with the R406W mutation. We examined the clinical and...

Using an event-related functional MRI technique, we examined the blood oxygen level-dependent responses of normal participants to auditory stimuli that consisted of four triads to explore the neural correlates for judging mode-related emotional contents in tonal music. Three categories of stimuli, MAJOR, MINOR and NEUTRAL were prepared. MAJOR and M...

Our aim is to investigate the neural substrates for writing using fMRI (twenty right-handed subjects). We assumed that common areas involved in both writing with right and left hands are crucial to the central process of writing. We employed Japanese phonograms (Kana), in which phoneme-grapheme conversion would be extremely simple. Brain activation...

Ideomotor apraxia is a disorder of both imitation movements and movements executed by verbal command. Lesion studies have identified the left parietal lobe as the neural correlate for ideomotor praxis (IP), although there are opposing views. To localise the neural substrates for IP using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain regions activate...

We employed a simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis to assess the hypothesized three-factor structure of the Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised (i.e., Attention/Concentration, Immediate Memory, Delayed Recall factors) in samples from Japan and the United States. The aim of the study was to provide a rigorous test of the hypothesis that the factor...

Reliable visualization of the hippocampus on echo-planar imaging (EPI) is essential in analyzing memory function using functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, the hippocampal area is notoriously prone to susceptibility artifacts caused by structures at the skull base, and avoiding such artifacts by appropriately selecting the subjects for a...

In clinical studies, many researchers have reported that drawing can be disturbed by left or right unilateral parietal lobe damage (constructional apraxia). There seem to be two possible predictions about the cerebral laterality for drawing. The first is that drawing requires both parietal lobes, therefore, a lesion to either side can disrupt drawi...

The standard method for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data applies the general linear model to the time series of each voxel separately. Such a voxelwise approach, however, does not consider the spatial autocorrelation between neighboring voxels in its model formulation and parameter estimation. We propose a spatio-temporal...

Three types of researches have been carried out on brain-mind relationships: 1. researches on anatomical correlates of special talents (for example, perfect pitch) or deficits (for example, dyslexia), 2. researches to examine the relationship between a given cognitive syndrome and the site of brain damage, 3. researches to localize human cognitive...

A large number of observations since the mid-nineteenth century have shown that damage to the left but not the right hemisphere destroys language function. These observations lead to the formation of the "classic" view that the left hemisphere has language function but not the right hemisphere. It thus came as a considerable surprise in the early 1...

From elementary through high school, Japanese children are required to memorize a large number of distinct visual forms, i.e., roughly 2,000 Chinese characters, and tremendous effort is expended in learning to read and write them. We hypothesized that early training in memorizing Chinese characters and the use of these characters in daily life shap...

脳梁が選択的に梗塞を起こす例はきわめて稀である.本症例が呈する両上肢の異なる運動障害に対しリハビリテーションを進めるとともに,各種の神経心理学的検査を施行したので,従来の分離脳研究から得られた知見をもとに考察した.症例は51歳男性.右利き.急性期の一時的な無動性無言の後,右上肢の強迫的道具使用および左手の観念運動失行が問題となりリハビリテーション目的の入院となった.さらに右上肢での左半側無視,左手の触覚認知,呼称障害,左視野での失読を認め,WAIS-Rにおける動作性知能指数は右手使用で47,左手使用で72であった.一方,両上肢の運動障害に対しては,動作時に充分リラクゼーションを図ること,左手を机の柱に握らせること,習得した動作を中心に行うこと,視覚的フィードバックを重視することが重要であると...

Recent progress in biological clock research has facilitated genetic analysis of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and non-24-h sleep-wake syndrome (N-24). We analyzed the human period3 (hPer3) gene, one of the human homologs of the Drosophila clock-gene period (Per), as a possible candidate for rhythm di...

Functional neuroanatomy of writing is relatively unknown compared to that of other linguistic processes. This study aimed at identifying brain regions crucial to the process of writing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain hemodynamic activity was examined during three conditions that differentially engaged visual, linguistic,...

Assessment of language lateralization is crucial in patients considered for neurological surgery. The authors used functional MRI (fMRI) in conjunction with shiritori, a kind of word-generation task as paradigms, to determine language lateralization in the patients. We used a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging devise with an echoplanar imaging se...

Reversible T2 hyperintense signal abnormality in the corpus callosum, although frequently seen after diffuse brain injury, has not been well clarified. With some accumulated evidence, we report a case of diffuse brain injury in a 24-year-old man. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T2 hyperintense signals in the trunk and the splenium of...

Magnetoencephalography was applied to subjects who imagined themselves hurdling in self-centered space. In three of six subjects all 300 trials in the motor imagery condition revealed the precuneus dipole. When we divided the 300 trials into four overlapping blocks (one block = 150 trials), all six subjects showed precuneus activity. The latency of...

Recent studies suggest that melatonin 1b (Mel1b) receptor, as well as melatonin 1a (Mel1a) receptor, is involved in the modulation of circadian rhythms in mammals. Mutational analysis was performed in the entire coding region of the human Mel1b receptor gene using genomic DNA from sleep disorder subjects. We have identified two missense mutations,...

Face recognition is critical to the appreciation of our social and physical relations. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify brain regions involved in the recognition of newly learned faces. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 contrasted a fixation control task with a face recognition task in which subjects were...

The human melatonin 1a (hMella) receptor gene was screened for mutations using genomic DNA samples from patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorders and control subjects by single strand conformational polymorphism analysis (SSCP). We found seven mutations, two of which predict amino acid changes R54W and A157V, respectively. The prevalence of th...

In order to investigate the relation between situs asymmetry and functional asymmetry of the human brain, a consonant-vowel syllable dichotic listening test known as the Standard Dichotic Listening Test (SDLT) was administered to nine subjects with situs inversus (SI) that ranged in age from 6 to 46 years old (mean of 21.8 years old, S.D. = 15.6);...

On the evening of December 16, 1997, about 700 children across Japan were hospitalized because of convulsive seizures or vomiting experienced while watching a popular animated TV program that included blue and red stimuli that alternated at 12 flashes per second. In one case, an 11-year-old girl developed a hallucination in the right visual field a...

ファンクショナルMRI (fMRI) は脳機能画像法の最新技法の１つであり，脳と言語の関連を解明するうえで多大の貢献をすると考えられている。本稿はファンクショナルMRI の基本的知識について解説している。また，1.5Tの装置を使用した２，３のファンクショナルMRI の研究が紹介されている。 第１は “しりとり” 課題で生ずる脳の活動をファンクショナルMRI で測定した研究である。右利き男の被験者は主に左前頭葉および左頭頂葉に活動が認められた。左利き男の被験者では，右前頭葉，右頭頂葉および左前頭葉に活動が認められた。第２はファンクショナルMRIの信頼性の問題である。右利きの男の被験者が２週間後にしりとりを行った時のファンクショナルMRI では２週間前とほぼ同じ部位の活動が認められた。ファンクシ...

It is controversial whether long-term anticholinergic therapy (AC-T) can cause short-term memory disturbance, long-term memory disturbance or intelligence impairment. Ninety patients with Parkinson's disease were examined prospectively to clarify the existence of memory and intelligence impairment induced by long-term AC-T. Neuropsychological tests...

This study was designed to examine the profiles of cognitive deficits in 11 mildly demented patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), five with vascular dementia with multiple subcortical lacunar infarcts (VDS), and seven with vascular dementia with extensive white matter lesions (VDW) in comparison with 23 aged individuals without dementia...

比較的稀である外側膝状体梗塞の1例を報告した.症例は77歳男性, 高血圧, 糖尿病あり, 右視野が見えないと訴え来院.MRIで左外側膝状体 (LGB) に限局したラクナ梗塞と診断した.視野は黄斑回避なく, 非合同性の右下楔型部分盲であった.従来LGB梗塞は閉塞血管により水平線に沿って扇状に欠損あるいは残存する合同性の部分盲を呈するとされるが, 本症例の視野はそれらとは異なっていた.その理由としてLGB表面上における前脈絡叢動脈と外側後脈絡叢動脈の間の血管吻合の個体差や, そこからLGB内へ分岐する穿通動脈間の個体差が大きいためと考えられた.

It has been widely accepted that the right temporal lobe plays a major role in the processing of music. One of the main lines of evidence was derived from Milner's study, published in 1962, which reported that right temporal lobectomy led to a decline in patient scores on four of the six subtests (Tonal Memory, Timbre, Loudness, and Time subtests)...

It has been widely accepted that the right temporal lobe plays a major role in the processing of music. One of the main lines of evidence was derived from Milner's study, published in 1962, which reported that right temporal lobectomy led to a decline in patient scores on four of the six subtests (Tonal Memory, Timbre, Loudness, and Time subtests)...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 1.5 T using a gradient echo echo-planar sequence was employed to identify brain regions activated during the performance of a mental writing task using phonograms. Four regions were activated in all six subjects; the region surrounding the left intraparietal sulcus, the region surrounding the middle p...

重症脳外傷患者の社会復帰に向けての問題点としては,身体的障害に加えて,知的能力障害が重要である.今回われわれは重症脳外傷患者15名に対し,知的能力を知能および記憶の観点から評価した.WAIS-Rでは,VIQ;87.2(±20.39),PIQ;65.0(±15.83),TIQ;75.7(±17.27)であり,PIQの低下が明らかであった.記憶の指標としてWMS-Rを使用し,ほぼ全例で記憶障害が認められた.さらに実際の日常での知的能力をFIMの下位項目のなかの,問題解決,記憶において評価した.その結果,知的自立度を予測するにはPIQ値が最も適し,今回の結果は,PIQ値が80以上あれば,知的自立が図れることを示唆した.

This study reports a patient who manifested optic aphasia, tactile aphasia, optic apraxia, and tactile apraxia following an operation for epidural left parietal haematoma. He could neither name nor pantomime the use of objects presented visually or tactually, but correctly performed semantic association tasks, thus demonstrating preserved recogniti...

Long-term oral anticholinergic (AC) therapy can occasionally produce intellectual impairment. We investigated a patient with Parkinson's disease accompanied by intellectual impairment induced by long-term AC therapy. The intellectual impairment of the patient disappeared after cessation of AC therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET), during and...

The present study provides clear clinico-anatomical evidence for localization of the spatial vision pathway. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman with severe spatial vision impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed distinct bilateral and symmetrical occipito-parietal damage. The right lesion affected the superior parietal lobule, the dor...

Seven patients who showed left-sided neglect in reading single words were examined. Neglect errors typically involved omission of initial letters in our patients. Two patients with enough errors had a tendency that longer words were more susceptible to errors than short words. Most of the patients were less affected than the patients in the previou...

A 57-year-old right-handed man suffered persistent pure verbal amnesia (PPVA) and transient aphasia after left thalamic infarction. A neuroanatomical study with magnetic resonance imaging to identify the site of the lesion showed destruction of the internal medullary lamina (IML), mammillothalamic tract (MTT), the ventrolateral nucleus (VL) and the...

This paper presents an effective treatment for pure alexia by a type of single-case design, which we termed a "material-control single-case design" [Sugishita et al., Neuropsychologia, Vol. 31, 559-569, 1993]. Two patients with pure alexia were treated using kinesthetic reading (reading by tracing or copying the outline of each letter with the pati...

Patients with a complete section of the corpus callosum have been observed to exhibit strong left-ear suppression when different speech stimuli are presented to both ears simultaneously (so-called dichotic listening). Data concerning the locus of corpus callosum damage that causes strong left-ear suppression remains scanty. In the present investiga...

Several EEG studies have reported an early component of the visual evoked potential. However, it is controversial whether this component is cortical or subcortical. Our study has aimed to clarify this problem using MEG and EEG in nine normal volunteers. A total of 4000 stimuli were presented to the monocular visual hemifield through a light-proof s...

We report 2 patients with bilateral dressing apraxia. One patient had prominent bilateral dressing apraxia without severe constructional apraxia together with anosodiaphoria for dressing apraxia. The other patient had mild dressing apraxia with severe constructional apraxia and was aware of her disabilities. This dissociation implies that anosodiap...

Three healthy subjects underwent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (20 Hz, 1 s) with a round oil-cooled coil held tangentially against the skull surface 3 or 4 cm above the inion, while viewing a random-dot stereogram through red-green glasses. The coil was positioned over the midline of the bilateral superior occipital lobes. All three...

A right-handed patient with a haematoma in the left pulvinar showed impaired stereoacuity. In contrast with previous reports, he did not show peripheral visual extinction or prolonged reaction times for targets on the side contralateral to the lesion.

It is controversial whether a stimulus projected within 1 to 3 degrees from the boundary between the right and left hemiretina is transmitted to only one cerebral hemisphere or to both cerebral hemispheres. In order to resolve this issue, letter- and word-stimuli were presented for 200 msec with a new type of tachistoscope, called the fundus tachis...

A 67-year-old, right-handed man was admitted to our hospital because of restricted field of vision. Neurological examination revealed left upper quadrantanopsia on confrontation. Axial and coronal T2 weighted MR images showed an increased signal intensity lesion that involved the right fusiform and lingual gyri. A small lesion was also noted in the...

To clarify the characteristics and the localization of isolated calculation disturbances due to left parietal lesions. Case series. Tertiary care hospital. Three referred patients with isolated calculation disturbances due to stroke in the left parietal region. Sixteen volunteers for age and education constituted the control group. Neuropsychologic...

Patients with left unilateral spatial neglect following lesions that mainly involved the right parietal lobe performed a line extension task, extending a horizontal line leftward to double its original length. We examined line extension performances in the left and right hemispaces, as well as in the midline, to assess whether spatial conditions af...

Patients who have had a temporal lobectomy have been reported to have normal olfactory detection thresholds, but to show an impairment in olfactory identification [1] and a deficit in smell discrimination in the nostril ipsilateral to the excision [2]. These impairments were not severe, and were rather mild. The patients were not tested before the...

Whether or not unilateral occipital damage produces sparing of central vision, namely macular sparing, is controversial. We tested two subjects with left occipital lesions by means of fundus perimetry combined with fundus image analysis. This method made it possible to measure the distance of the stimulus projected on the retina from the foveal cen...

An immunohistochemical study analyzing distributions of beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin (beta HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and monoclonal anti-cytokeratin (PKK1) was undertaken to determine whether the reactivity of these antigens might assist in the differential diagnosis of molar and non-m...

A 67-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital owing to coma and tetraplegia. MRI showed T2 weighed high intensity areas in the pontine tegmentum, lower aspect of the right cerebellar hemisphere, left half of medulla oblongata, and bilateral paramedian thalamus. He showed marked recovery by urokinase injection becoming able to walk in a few mon...

We report a case of foreign accent syndrome (FAS) without aphasia. The patient was a right-handed, 44-year-old woman, a native Japanese. Disposition and inversion of pitch accents and appearance of unnecessary stress accents made her speech sound foreign, like that of a Korean. MRI demonstrated an infarction in the middle fifth of the posterior lat...

A transcallosal interforniceal approach was used for treatment of a posteriorly projecting high basilar bifurcation aneurysm with a neck located 30 mm above the posterior clinoid process. The aneurysm was successfully clipped via the third ventricle with minimal neurological deficits. This approach appears to be appropriate for basilar bifurcation...

Twenty-two right-handed aphasics with written and/or oral naming difficulties were treated with a traditional language therapy: copying and repetition of words. The efficacy and maintainability of the treatment were evaluated using a variation of the single-case design, which was termed the material-control single-case design. Effectiveness of the...

A newly developed lateral temporal polar surgical approach to the mesiobasal temporal region was applied to 25 consecutive patients with mesially confined temporal lobe lesions. This approach is characterized by a very limited resection of the lateral temporal cortex and a direct approach to the uncal area. The advantages of this method are clear o...

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of short duration (0.3 or 0.6 s, 20 Hz) evoked paraesthesia similar to that caused by repetitive electrical stimulation. Since the points eliciting the paraesthesia were approximately 2 cm posterior from those eliciting motor responses, the paraesthesia stemmed from direct excitation of the post-central...

We analyzed the nuclear DNA content of 219 hydropic placentas and 68 control (nonhydropic) placentas by flow cytometry (FCM) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Of 129 cases originally diagnosed as complete hydatidiform mole (CM), 91 were diploid, 25 tetraploid, one triploid, and 12 aneuploid. Of five invasive CM, two were diploid, and...

We investigated the ability of 25 patients with left unilateral spatial neglect to make a clock face by putting numbers inside a printed circle. Impairment seen in this clock-drawing test did not parallel neglect severity as judged by results of the line-cancellation and line-bisection tests, as well as the copying of a daisy. The score for clock d...

We report a patient with paroxysmal aphasia evoked by ictal epileptiform discharges localized to the left fusiform gyrus, where a small brain tumor existed. The intracranial EEG recordings during other seizures demonstrated a close functional link between the left fusiform gyrus and Wernicke's area. The patient also showed transient aphasia with el...

Owing to the Japanese language's unique writing system, which consists of phonograms and ideograms, reading impairments of Japanese brain-damaged patients have attracted the interest of many researchers. Past case reports as well as some widely accepted handbooks and textbooks have concluded that a specific aphasia type or lesion site is associated...

Two patients with tactile naming disorders are reported. Case 1 (right hand tactile agnosia due to bilateral cerebral infarction) differentiated tactile qualities of objects normally, but could neither name nor categorize the objects. Case 2 (bilateral tactile aphasia after operation of an epidural left parietal haematoma) had as severe a tactile n...

The effect of intracarotid injection of sodium amobarbital on the depth EEGs of the hippocampus was studied in 12 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. All patients in this series were diagnosed as having an epileptogenic focus mainly in a unilateral hippocampus. The number of epileptic paroxysms appearing in depth EEGs for 1 minute bef...

The authors' previous study with an eye camera revealed that when asked to mark the centre of a line patients with left unilateral spatial neglect persist in fixating a point on its right part and place the subjective midpoint there without searching leftwards. The present study examined the patterns of leftward search of nine patients with left un...

This study examined intelligence and language skills of subjects who incurred a unilateral cerebral lesion perinatally or in early childhood. Seven subjects, aged 9 - 25, suffered a left-hemisphere (LH) lesion at or before age 3, and 7 subjects, aged 11 - 26, incurred a right-hemisphere lesion at or before age 1. Upon administration of an intellige...

It is generally considered that damage to the brain during infancy and young childhood results in milder or different syndromes than does brain injury incurred during adulthood. However, only several past studies employed CT scans to confirm that lesions are confined to one of the two cerebral hemispheres. We examined intelligence and language skil...

The authors applied combined depth and subdural electrodes in patients with intractable complex partial seizures to detect the precise extent of epileptic foci and functionally map speech-related areas. The medial temporal structures were explored with depth electrodes and the lateral temporal cortex with subdural electrodes. On the speech-dominant...

We examined 8 patients with moderate to severe left unilateral spatial neglect by means of a series of line cancellation tasks. We asked the patients to cross out lines in the 1st trial, to number lines in the 2nd trial, and again to cross out lines in the 3rd trial. In the 2nd trial with numbering, all the patients showed improvement of left unila...