Mónica Carmona

• Phd in Economics
• Senior Lecturer at University of Huelva

The price formation of crude oil and its refined products plays an essential role in the global economic system and mainly in the United States, where any shock on this market has implications for the different concerned parties. In this sense, we employ the fractionally cointegrated vector autoregressive model to analyze the long-run relationship...

Although trademarks are the most widely used form of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) by firms across all economic sectors worldwide, this indicator is a much less exploited information resource in empirical analysis compared with patents. Our work addresses this gap by investigating the relationship between trademark registration and entreprene...

This article applies a recent econometric framework to the analysis of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the US, which allows a joint study of causality and persistence. We provide evidence suggesting a nonlinear relationship with a structural break. In the most recent regime, we find that GDP causes energy consumpt...

In this paper we test the hypothesis of convergence in a set of twelve of the main tourism source markets of Spain over a time period that ranges from January 2000 to September 2015. We analyse the potential convergence by following an econometric strategy consisting of three different methodologies. Firstly, we test for the presence of full conver...

This study analyzes the impact of GDP shocks in USA on primary energy consumption and the reverse impact in a comprehensive and novel framework, distinguishing by economic sectors (commercial, industrial, residential and transportation) and energy source, i.e., total fossil (coal, natural gas and petroleum), nuclear, and renewable (hydroelectric, g...

This article is devoted to the exploration of the differences in the returns to education among wage earners and self-employed workers, while distinguishing between own-account workers and employers. Using a data base of EU-countries, we provide new evidence that qualifies some previous empirical findings found in the literature. In particular, we...

Este trabajo trata de contrastar la hipótesis de convergencia estocástica para el gasto total en I+D+i de las comunidades autónomas españolas así como el peso relativo de sus componentes público y privado durante el período 1987-2013, haciendo uso del test de estacionariedad con cambio estructural para datos de panel propuesto por Carrión, del Barr...

In this article, we study if the ‘recession-push’ hypothesis, i.e. the relationship running from unemployment to entrepreneurship/self-employment is affected asymmetrically by country dynamic labor market conditions. To this end, we use a panel threshold regression model that allows the unemployment rate to have an asymmetric impact of the rate of...

The aim of this work is to identify whether the bidirectional relationship between entrepreneurship cycles and output gaps is asymmetric depending on the phase of the business cycle. To this end, we employ a panel threshold regression model in which different relations can prevail in each regime, defined by the values of the threshold variable. The...

The Spanish seasonally adjusted unemployment rate stood at 26.1 percent in the last quarter of 2012, almost three percentage points higher than one year earlier and almost 12 percentage points higher than at the end of 2008. Although the exponential growth of Spanish unemployment is mainly caused by a lower demand for labor, there is also a second...

En el último lustro el sistema de cajas de ahorros español ha pasado de representar el 50 por 100 del sistema financiero a su casi desaparición En este trabajo analizamos el porqué de este aparente éxito inicial y cuales han podido ser las causas de esta descomposición final. Haciendo uso de las leyes de Zipf y Gibrat, se demuestra cómo el crecimie...

This article re-examines the persistence in natural gas consumption using an alternative methodology. In particular we report estimates of an unobserved components model, in which hysteresis exists if cyclical and natural gas consumptions do not evolve independently. In addition, this framework is also extended by using the nonlinear approach, in w...

This paper estimates an unobserved components model to explore coal consumption in the USA. We ask whether coal consumption exhibits hysteresis, defined as a dynamic structure in which the cyclical component of coal consumption has permanent effects on the natural component. In contrast to previous analysis, we provide evidence in favor of hysteres...

The relationship between self-employment and certain macroeconomic variables is often at the heart of the debate about the contributions of self-employment to employment and economic growth; examining this relationship is the aim of this article. This article is devoted to the empirical exploration of the comovement and causality between entreprene...

This paper examines the co-movement and causality between selfemployment and paid-employment cycles in the EU-12 countries using annual data spanning the years 1983 to 2008. Using different strategies, the causality and correlations at different horizons are used to analyze the dynamics in the paid-employment-self-employment relationship. The paper...

An often applied labour market policy to combat unemployment is to stimulate unemployed individuals to start their own businesses. Such policy may at least, temporarily lead to increases in self-employment, in particular, in the number of own-account workers. These policies may be called successful when the formerly unemployed individuals remain in...

The relationship between self-employment and some macroeconomic variables is and has been at the heart of the debate about self-employment contributions to employment and economic growth. This paper is devoted to the exploration of the co-movement and causality between entrepreneurship and economic performance in both directions. It looks for basic...

The availability or ability to access the capital necessary to start an entrepreneurial project has become one of the more deeply explored elements in the empirical research, as it is considered one of the factors that more frequently constitute an obstacle to the decision of becoming an entrepreneur. This chapter tries to contribute to the measure...

The aim of this paper is to survey the evidence on the relationship between self-employment and human capital from two fields in particular, economics of self-employment and empirical research on growth, emphasising in the sensibility of results to proxies used to capture education. Although, the emphasis is very much on education, rather than on a...

This volume provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical concepts and empirical models of entrepreneurship from a non-conventional perspective. Its main purpose is to contribute to the design of an efficient system of indicators of entrepreneurship and competitiveness. The existence of a gap between the theory of entrepreneurship and the meth...