Monalisa Biswal

• PhD
• Professor (Assistant) at National Institute of Technology Raipur

Conventional differential protection scheme utilizes a fixed threshold to detect the fault in a transmission system. In a wind integrated transmission system, any fixed threshold-based protection function is not reliable always due to the dynamic variation of control parameters of the wind turbine. To mitigate this issue, an adaptive differential p...

This paper investigated standalone and hybrid machine learning methods for predicting the angle of internal friction in frictional and cohesive frictional soils, essential properties in embankment construction. A comprehensive laboratory analysis of 149 samples collected from a highway project was conducted to determine grain size, plasticity, comp...

In high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, the occurrence of short circuits results in a rapid rise in line current, adversely affecting the interconnected alternating current (AC) grid. Particularly in voltage source-based multimodular converter (MMC) HVDC networks, such transients pose a significant threat to power converter units. Traditiona...

Distance relays are prone to symmetrical power swing phenomenon. To mitigate this issue, a dynamic threshold-supported algorithm is proposed. A single logic is not supposed to be secure for all cases. Thus, a supervisory algorithm, as proposed in this study, can aid in the improvement of the immunity of the relay during swing cases and be sensitive...

In modern power systems, accurate and timely detection of faults is crucial for ensuring system stability and reliability. The presence of high resistance in fault path curtails current and causes conventional distance relays to malfunction. These methods often require two-end measurements for accurate assessment of fault resistance necessitates an...

In the present scenario, renewable energy sources are more encouraged to produce power because of their environmental and economic benefits and wide availability. Furthermore, there are further security concerns regarding the feasibility of incorporating bulk wind technology into the existing electrical grid, especially at the transmission level. T...

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is preferred over high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) for long power lines for asynchronous power grid interconnection and high-level renewable energy integration. The control and protection functions associated with HVDC systems help with fast and secure clearance of faults. The control and prote...

The integration of distributed generations (DGs) in power systems poses challenges in coordinating protection devices originally designed for a centralized generation. This study examines numerous scenarios for choosing and coordinating protection systems in presence & absence of DGs and provides a thorough analysis of how DGs impact protection coo...

In this study, a communication assisted passive islanding detection technique is proposed for microgrid having converter based distributed generation (DG) resources. In the proposed approach, the matrix pencil method is applied to reconstruct the voltage signal then both the raw signal and reconstructed signals are used to estimate phasor magnitude...

This study introduces a novel adaptive technique to accelerate the process of reclosing in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)-based microgrid system to provide uninterrupted power supply (UPS). Two different methodologies, Fault Current Contribution Ratio (FCCR) and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) are used to implement the proposed techniq...

The objectives of the automatic generation control (AGC) are attained via secondary control mechanism with optimal controller gains. The best solutions of these gains are identified by population search-based algorithms with the help of performance metrics. The controller design issues of AGC treat these performance metrics as a cost function. This...

The smart grid concept is introduced to accelerate the operational efficiency and enhance the reliability and sustainability of power supply by operating in self-control mode to find and resolve the problems developed in time. In smart grid, the use of digital technology facilitates the grid with an enhanced data transportation facility using smart...

The increase in population has made it possible for better, more cost-effective vehicular services, which warrants good roadways. The sub-base that serves as a stress-transmitting media and distributes vehicle weight to resist shear and radial deformation is a critical component of the pavement structures. Developing novel techniques that can asses...

Detection of high impedance fault (HIF) in an active distribution system is a challenging task. It is learned from the fault characteristics that detection and discrimination of HIF during different critical conditions is impossible using the fault current magnitude. Under dependable situations such as energization of a transformer, nonlinear load...

Detection and discrimination of a High Impedance Fault (HIF) is difficult from other noteworthy switching events because of the fault path resistance and current signature. The nonlinear current variation poses several protection challenges to existing methods. To mitigate this issue, a Savitzky-Golay Filter (SGF) integrated with a Matrix Pencil Me...

The main aim of this book is to provide information on smart meters starting from their background, structure, and architectural requirements for their applications in smart grid, in different sectors. The book deals with data handling challenges, technologies used to mitigate this, and future applications of smart metering. The advanced architectu...

This article presents an up-to-date systematic review of the status, progress, and upcoming advancement regarding DC-microgrid. In recent years, the attention of researchers towards DC-microgrid has been increased as a better and viable solution in meeting the local loads at consumers' point while supplementing to stability, reliability, and contro...

In this work, a report on different signal decomposition techniques (time-frequency TF) applied to power quality (PQ) events are provided. In a system with hybrid renewable sources, nonlinear load points, and capacitor bank, the operation of individual units can affect the quality of the signals while switching from one state to another or during v...

Critical operating conditions of power system may lead to distance relay security issues. Distance relay back-up protection is offered with long reach setting and due to this under sudden change in voltage and current parameters during non-fault situations also considered as a fault by the protection function in an integrated network. The conventio...

Detection of high impedance fault (HIF) in an active distribution system is a challenging task. It is learned from the fault characteristics that detection and discrimination of HIF during different critical conditions is impossible using the fault current magnitude. Under dependable situations such as energization of a transformer, nonlinear load...

The nonlinear fluctuations in the generated power because of unforeseeable variation in the wind speed affects the distance relaying-based protection of the sub-transmission and transmission line. So due to their intermittent nature of generation because of varying wind speed, it escorts along with it several challenges for operation and control. T...

In this work, an advanced signal decomposition approach is applied to a thyristor-controlled series compensated (TCSC) network integrated with large wind farm to detect and classify the different types of fault irrespective of wind intermittency. Fault analysis in conventional variable series compensated network is difficult since the operation of...

The cutting-edge electrical utility industry is quick advancing into a keen blend of best-in-class digital advancements with the actual foundation, famously alluded to as cyber-physical system (CPS). These CPSs, which depend entirely on an extensive intelligent computing algorithm-based communication network, are vulnerable to digital assaults and...

Detection of high impedance arcing faults (HIAFs) in an active distribution network is challenging due to limited fault current contribution from power electronic interfaced distributed energy resources. It may also happen that during the switching operation of any system, component like a transformer, capacitor bank, nonlinear load, and lines, the...

Industry 4.0 (I-4.0) is referred to as ‘fourth industrial revolution’ towards incorporation of artificial intelligence and digitalization of industrial systems. It is meticulously associated with the development and advancement of evolving technologies such as: Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical System, Information and Communications Technology, En...

For the stable operation of the smart grid, the development of a faster, reliable, and secure protective relay algorithm is essential. From the past blackout reports, it is revealed that during different system critical operating conditions distance relay meets dependability and selectivity challenges and operates unnecessarily. To restrict the ope...

This paper introduces the application of swarm intelligence in relaying to detect symmetrical faults during power swing. The swarm intelligence assistance reduces the computational burden and enhances the overall reliability of the fault detection scheme irrespective of the system conditions. For this purpose, a simple fault detector using instanta...

This paper presents a secured communication based passive anti-islanding technique, using phase angle difference information of superimposed impedance computed at both distributed generation (DG) and point of common coupling (PCC) ends. In the approach, the PCC end signal information is transmitted every cycle to DG sites to analyze the event, henc...

In this article, swarm intelligence-based supportive threshold setting mechanism is introduced to enhance the directional relay performance during faults. For the estimation of fault direction, phase angle of positive sequence current (PPSC) is calculated using discrete Fourier transform. Instead of considering the immature decisions based on varia...

Distance relay are designed with swing blocking/tripping logic to maintain reliable and secure operation of power system. To prevent this from happening, the relay is functioned with a power swing blocking (PSB) logic. However, ensuring proper detection to swing event requires to overcome from the dependable situation such as three-phase fault. The...

A method is proposed in this paper to detect and discriminate symmetrical fault during power swing. The method exploits the local end current information to perform the task. The algorithm will be executed in parallel with conventional distance relay algorithm. Negative and zero sequence components reveal the occurrence of unsymmetrical fault, but...

Distance relay third zone maloperates during different system critical operating conditions such as power swing, voltage stress/instability, and load encroachment. Since, system stressed events are system symmetry phenomenon, the relay will not always able to discern them from three-phase (symmetrical) fault in the distance relay third zone region....

Intelligent threshold value improves the speed and accuracy of any fault detector unit. But in the literature, any such traditional threshold selection mechanism is not available to implant in the fault detector unit of protective relay. This paper introduces a swarm intelligence-based threshold setting mechanism for fault detector. In this context...

In this paper, an optimal wavelet operated single index-based relay is proposed for power transmission line protection. Apart from existing usage of wavelet transform in fault detection studies, swarm assistance is provided for optimal setting of threshold values for accomplishing fast and reliable detection of faults. For this threshold assistance...

A simple and fast fault detection technique is proposed in this paper which considers the difference between the successive samples of three-phase real power. Apart from regular current and voltage signals, three-phase instantaneous real power signal is chosen for implementation of fault detection logic. This fault detection unit (FDU) is assisted...

The third zone protection of distance relay serves as a backup for fault on the longest transmission line which is adjacent to the line to be protected. For the accurate detection of fault, its reach setting is curtailed to 100% of the primary line plus 100% of the adjacent longest line. Such an arrangement is essential mainly for a dedicated trans...

In this paper, two accurate hybrid islanding detection schemes are proposed based on Wavelet Transform and Stockwell transform (S-transform). The proposed methods use the potential of sequence voltage (negative) retrieved at the target Distributed Generation (DG) location of the distribution network under study. In one of the schemes, Discrete Wave...

Majority of the high impedance faults (HIFs) occur through the ground and, due to the nonlinear variation in the fault signal, false detection rate is high. HIFs are accompanied with high frequency components and signal decomposition techniques are best suited to detect such faults. In an active distribution system, detection of HIF and its discrim...

Majority of the high impedance faults (HIFs) occur through the ground and, due to the nonlinear variation in the fault signal, false detection rate is high. HIFs are accompanied with high frequency components and signal decomposition techniques are best suited to detect such faults. In an active distribution system, detection of HIF and its discrim...

Distance relay is designed with different overlapping zones to provide complete protection to the associated lines and other lines. From the three different operating zones, the third zone is the delayed operative zone as its operation is followed by the nonresponding operation of the other two zones. However, the operation of zone-3 is not so impo...

As more than 80% of faults on overhead lines are temporary (transient) in nature which is caused due to lightning strikes, momentary bird or tree limb contact, wind bringing conductors in contact, etc. These type of faults gets cleared by itself in a short duration. But the use of a conventional reclosing scheme results in an outage time which is m...

Fault detection units (FDUs) used for power system are based on the time‐domain, frequency‐domain, or both time‐ and frequency‐domain signal information. These days, the demand for renewable sources is increasing and in such a condition the complete review of the detection algorithm is essential. The penetration of large‐scale wind farms in the tra...

Proper threshold setting provides accurate and reliable decisions by fault detector (FD) during faults in transmission system. For identification of such threshold, extensive case studies need to investigate by varying different possible fault parameters of the power system components. If the upper and lower limits of fault parameters are separated...

The conventional reclosing system generally follows the prefixed operating time to close the breaker followed by any transient fault. In a microgrid system with storage facility, the uninterrupted power supply can be provided with the help of a storage system for a short time period. For that time period, the faulty section is generally disconnecte...

Power quality (PQ) standard is important now a day’s due to escalation of power electronic devices and ever increasing demand of electricity which in turn intensified the issue. Identification and thus analysis of these issues qualitatively and quantitatively has become a major challenge for power quality engineers. Hence, developing PQ monitoring...

This paper presents an adaptive approach for distance relay third zone setting. The proposed method uses variational mode decomposition (VMD) approach to decompose the local end current signal into different modes. The signal extracted from the third mode is used to calculate the energy index. The apparent impedance and energy index are used to det...

An adaptive third-zone distance protection scheme is necessary to distinguish between faults and system stressed conditions such as power swing, voltage instability and load encroachment. Fast and reliable detection of third-zone three-phase fault during these conditions is still a challenging issue. To address this issue and to restrict the cascad...

In this paper, an adaptive differential protection scheme is proposed for wind farm integrated power network. Any fixed threshold setting based protection scheme is not always suitable for the different operating conditions of power system. Considering the possible modulations in the fault signal, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based different...

The conventional reclosing system generally follows the prefixed operating time to close the breaker followed by any transient fault. In a microgrid system with storage facility, the uninterrupted power supply can be provided with the help of a storage system for a short time period. For that time period, the faulty section is generally disconnecte...

Proper threshold setting provides accurate and reliable decisions by fault detector (FD) during faults in transmission system. For identification of such threshold, extensive case studies need to investigate by varying different possible fault parameters of the power system components. If the upper and lower limits of fault parameters are separated...

To sustain reliable and secured power system operation, distance relay designs with swing blocking/tripping logic. In order to obviate this event, relay is implanted with power swing blocking function. In order to accomplish this task, detection of swing phenomenon and its discrimination from fault event is essential. Under any dependable situation...

Zone-3 unit of conventional distance relay is vulnerable to voltage instability and load-encroachment which are known as system stress conditions. For such conditions, the impedance trajectory encroaches zone-3 reach. Based on the setting parameters of the relay, it is identified as a fault and relay may maloperate. However, the relay may maloperat...

In this paper, swarm assisted positive sequence current based directional relaying is proposed for detection and direction estimation of faults in power transmission network. For this classification, two different thresholds are identified through particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The available methods used to adopt trial-and-error based...

A simple and fast fault detection technique is proposed in this paper which considers the difference between the successive samples of three phase real power. Apart from regular current and voltage signals, 3-phase instantaneous real power signal is chosen for implementation of fault detection logic. This fault detection unit (FDU) is assisted with...

In the modern power system, more penetration of renewable sources is encouraging to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel, to get clean energy, to reduce transmission losses, better utilization of natural sources, avoid, etc. Although the penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) is advantageous but with such modifications in the existing s...

To meet the ever-increasing electricity demand, the traditional power system needs to be expanded with more rigid economic and environmental limitations. The increasing power demand causes the electrical utilities to push the power system to operate at its maximum allowable limit. Consequently, the system gets stressed and vulnerable to widespread...

This chapter provides a detailed review report on various methods used to provide uninterruptible power supply to the microgrid. The methods majorly deal with the energy storage system (ESS) and its application in the microgrid to reduce the power interruptions. This chapter also signifies the use of line adaptive reclosing scheme which optimizes t...

This book discusses various challenges and solutions in the fields of operation, control, design, monitoring and protection of microgrids, and facilitates the integration of renewable energy and distribution systems through localization of generation, storage and consumption. It covers five major topics relating to microgrid i.e., operation, contro...