Mohd Nayab

• MD (Unani)
• Associate Professor at National Institute of Unani Medicine

Diuresis (Idrar-i-Bawl) is a process in which the formation and excretion of urine are increased for the management of bodily ailments. It is one of the important processes adopted for evacuation of morbid matter from the body through urine. In this paper classical literature is taken from classical Unani books like Kitab Al-Hawi, Al-Ikseer, Kitab...

Objective: Sciatica, or lumbosacral radicular syndrome, is characterized by pain radiating along the sciatic nerve due to compression or irritation of its nerve roots, commonly caused by lumbar disc herniation or spinal stenosis. In Unani medicine, this condition is referred to as Irq-un-nasa. It is a kind of Waja-ul-Mafasil that develops in the hi...

Obesity is a major health concern globally & is the most common nutritional disorder defined as an excessive buildup of adipose tissue in the body. Unani medicine provides a unique perspective on obesity, defining it as ‘Siman-i-mufrit’ which is increased Ratubat & Barudat, causing imbalance and building up of morbid stuff such as Madda-i-balghamiy...

Sciatica, a prevalent and debilitating condition, is characterized by radiating pain along the sciatic nerve, often resulting from lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease. In Unani medicine, the condition is referred to as Irq-un-Nasa, considered a subtype of Waja-ul-Mafasil (joint pain). Unani texts attribute the caus...

Sciatica, a subtype of low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common clinical complaints in primary care which is characterized by pain that originates in the lower back or buttocks and radiates down one or both legs along the distribution of the sciatic nerve. It commonly results due to nerve root compression by a prolapsed lumbar disc. Sciatica a...

Dementia, derived from Latin meaning “without mind,” is a significant global health concern and the seventh leading cause of death, characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, including memory, thinking, and behaviour. As the global population ages, dementia's prevalence is anticipated to rise dramatically, with an estima...

Introduction: India is a developing country with a population of about 1.3 billion. Non communicable diseases contribute for around 60% of all fatalities in India. Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in clinical practice. Hypothyroidism is believed to be a common health issue in India, as it is worldwide. However, there...

Ilaj bit Tadbeer, a vital therapeutic approach in the Unani system of medicine, focuses on modifying six essential elements to restore health. This approach encompasses various regimenal therapies such as cupping (Hijāma), leeching (Ta'līq or irsal-e- 'Alaq), venesection (Fasd), massage (Dalk), irrigation (Natūl), emesis (Qay'), diuresis (Idrār-i-B...

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a serious public health concern and is described as a disorder characterised by degradation of articular cartilage, bone remodeling and inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness and functional impairment, primarily affecting weight bearing joints and hands. KOA affects more than 650 million individuals worldwide and is a...

Management of Knee Osteoarthritis with integrative approach using Regimenal therapy (Massage and Medicated Steam Fomentation) and Pharmacotherapy (Habb-e -Muqil): A Case Study

Unani System of Medicine is Graeco-Arabic medicine found by Hippocrates and Galen. According to Unani medicine, diseases are thought to disrupt the body's normal temperament and humor equilibrium. So treatment aims at restoring humor equilibrium and correcting aberrant temperament. In Unani system of medicine, there are three methods of treatment i...

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading modifiable cause of premature death and hence World Health Organization (WHO) has made it one of its global prevention priorities. It is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. The prevention and treatment of hypertension imposes a significant pub...

Background Mankind has been afflicted with the calculi in urinary tract dating back to 4000 B.C. It has been considered the most common urinary tract illness. Preventing the recurrence of renal stones remains a serious human health issue. Various procedures are available for the removal of calculi with associated different complications in the cont...

The establishment and upkeep of national health depends heavily on public health. The endeavor entails employing diverse tactics and measures to safeguard, enhance, and elevate the well-being of societies. Unani medicine, an ancient system of healing that originated in Greece and was later developed and enriched by Persian and Arabic physicians, ha...

Menstrual patterns can be an indicator of overall health and self-perception of well-being. Amenorrhoea is the absence of menses in women of reproductive agewhich may be primary or secondary. Primary amenorrhoea refers to the absence of menarche at the age of 16 and secondary amenorrhoea is the cessation of menses for at least 6 months in already c...

Across the world, pain is the most frequent factor in medical consultations. Around one third of the world's population suffers from chronic pain, which has a major impact on their quality of life and ability to function in daily life. According to International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), pain is an unpleasant sensation connected wit...

Background-In the Unani system of medicine, there are three methods of treatment viz; Ilaj Bit Tadbeer wa Ghiza (Regimenal therapy and Dietotherapy), Ilaj Bil

Background-In the Unani system of medicine, there are three methods of treatment viz; Ilaj Bit Tadbeer wa Ghiza (Regimenal therapy and Dietotherapy), Ilaj Bil

Many ancient societies, including Chinese, Egyptians, Greeks, Hindus, Japanese, and Romans, used massage as a traditional form of medicine. In all major civilizations, both past and present, therapeutic massage is a frequently used kind of regime therapy and an age-old medicine. Unani physicians included Dalk in the category of Riyadat (Exercise),...

Background: Non-specific low back pain is a leading contributor to disease burden and works absenteeism worldwide with a lifetime prevalence of 60-70% in industrialized countries. This clinical study aimed to assess the efficacy of hot fomentation with half-baked medicated bread (khubz) compared to hot water bag fomentation to alleviate pain and d...

There are various causes of diseases but retention of morbid matter (mawad-e-fasida) in the body is one of the main causes and these morbid matters must be evacuated from the body to regain health. Concoction (nuḍj) and evacuation (tanqiya) are the two prime methods that ancient physicians described and recommended for the treatment of such disease...

Objectives: Sciatica is a musculoskeletal pain sensed in the leg along with the distribution of the sciatic nerve, which is sometimes accompanied by low back pain and is most commonly caused by a disc herniation. In the Unani system of Medicine, Irq-un-Nasa (Sciatica) is defined as the pain which starts from the hip joint and descends towards the f...

Introduction: Hemiplegia (Fa¯ lij) is usually caused due to obstruction (sudda) in ventricles of brain (butu¯ n-i-dima¯ gh) or base of the brain (mabda-un-nukha). Viscid and tenacious phlegm (Balgham) chokes the passages present in the nerves and blocks the transmission of motor impulses (Ru¯ h-i-Muharrik) into the organs to cause paralysis of a li...

The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Unani poly-herbal decoction and Khamira Marvareed (herbo-mineral preparation) in COVID-19 susceptible population. This study was conducted as prospective, open label, randomized controlled, prophylactic community-based clinical trial. Overall, 4500 healthy adults from containment zones were al...

S Hijāma is a Unāni mode of treatment which is carried out by creating a partial vacuum in the Hijāma glass placed on the body surface by mean of heat or suction, in order to remove the morbid material or to distract the material from the disease part, to go back a displaced organ to its normal position and to promote the blood flow to the site of...

Shaqīqa-i-Muzmin (chronic migraine) is a type of migraine that is usually caused by cold humours (bārid akhlāṭ), specifically by phlegm (balgham) and to lesser extent by black bile (sauda). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nutul-i-Ḥār (hot irrigation) in the treatment of chronic migraine. Nutul (irrigation) therapy is widely and...

Introduction A novel coronavirus virus (2019-nCoV) emerged in China in December 2019 and achieved a high-risk category by the World Health Organization (WHO). The initial symptoms included fever, cough, dyspnea, and sore throat. The present review aims to evaluate the available evidence for the safety and efficacy of Unani herbal drugs and formulat...

Background Low back pain (waja-uz-zahr) due to lumbar spondylosis affects approximately 60–80% of the population at any point of life. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of soft and prolonged massage with roghan-i-suranjan on low back pain. Material and methods Clinically and radiologically diagnosed patients of low back pain wer...

Musculoskeletal conditions are the leading contributors to disability worldwide, typically characterized by pain, decreased mobility, dexterity, and functional ability. After back pain, neck pain is the most frequent musculoskeletal cause of consultation in primary care worldwide. Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative process of the cervic...

Ginger has been appreciated for over 2500-3000 years in many parts of the world due to its numerous scientific properties. The ginger plant (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. It is a known food and flavoring ingredient reputed for its wide range of medicinal properties that have been widely used in Chinese, Ayurvedic,...

Ilaj bi’l tadbeer (regimenal therapy) is one of the preferred treatment methods used in Unani system of medicine since ancient times. Ḥijāma is one of the effective modalities of treatment in Ilaj bi’l tadbeer. It is a unique therapeutic procedure in which cup-like vessels are placed on the body surface by creating a vacuum to either let out blood...

Objectives: This study intended to evaluate the efficacy of Ḥammām-i-yabis (dry bath) in metabolic syndrome as primary objective and perceived improvement and changes in quality of life as secondary objective. Methods: The study was designed as single arm, open-labelled, pre and post without control clinical trial comprising 30 diagnosed cases o...

Māsh (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper belongs to the family Papilionaceae. It is one of the important legume crops extensively cultivated in India and other parts of the world. Pulses and legumes have been gaining interest because they are an excellent source of bioactive compounds. The objective of this present review is to compile all relevant informatio...

Objectives Pain in joints is a major clinical problem since ancient times. Waja-uz-Zahr stands for low back pain which may arise from internal or external structures of lumbosacral region due to Su-e-Mizaj sada or maddi due to the surplus of Burudat or accumulation of Kham Balgham in lower back. Imala (diversion) and Taqiya-e-Mavad (Evacuation) are...

Ilāj bit tadbīr is one of the treatment plans in the Unani system of medicine which includes the modification in asbāb-i-sitta zarooriya (six essential factors) through certain interventions. Nutūl or irrigation is a classical and effective method in regimenal therapy which refers to pouring or dripping of liquid slowly and steadily over the body p...

Objectives Osteoarthritis is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases which leads to functional decline and loss of quality of life. Knee osteoarthritis is considered as highly burdensome disease as well as highest contributor to global disability. Ḥijāmah (Cupping Therapy) and Dalk (Massage) are claimed effective in the treatment of Wajaʹul...

The theory of humours (akhlat) is one of the fundamental pillars of the Unani System of Medicine (USM). The concept of health and disease depends on the quality (kaifiyat) and quantity (kammiyat) of humour (khilt). Health (sehat) lasts when humours remain in equilibrium and the main determinant of health is the balance in six essential factors (asb...

Pain in joints (Waja ul Mafasil) is a major clinical problem that may or may not be associated with inflammation. Researchers and Clinicians are rigorously working to find out the best treatment modality in the management of joint pain. Unani physicians claimed the management of various joint disorders with the help of several Tadabeer. The objecti...

The treatment of stroke has always been a challenge for all systems of medicine. The modern medicine has substantially been capable to treat and control both, the haemorrhagic and ischemic strokes in emergency situations. The current approach of modern medicine relies on thrombolysis, antithrombosis, neuroprotection and rehabilitation. While the fo...

Pain in joints is a major clinical problem since ancient times. Inflammatory or non-inflammatory joint disorders have been described elaborately by eminent Unani physicians under one caption of Waja-ul-Mafasil, which stands for pain in joints. On the basis of clinical presentation, osteoarthritis looks very similar to Waja-ul-Ma-fasil Balghami. One...

Suranjan (Colchicum luteum baker) is one of the oldest drugs known to mankind. Suranjan Talkh is considered as the first line drug in the management of arthritis (WajaʻulMafaṣil). Colchicum luteum is one of the rarest and hence most expensive medicinal plants. This drug has a momentous position in the Unani system of medicine and text. It is an act...

Background and Objectives: Hemiplegia exhibits persistent disability of motor functions. Unani physicians mentioned the treatment of hemiplegia (Fālij-i-Nisfi). Methods: 30 eligible patients of post stroke hemiplegia with residual motor functional disabilities were enrolled in an open, single arm, pre and post, exploratory clinical trial with 30 d...

Title: "Effect of Nutool with Roghan-e-Banafsha in Sahar" (Primary Insomnia) Background and Objective: Sahar (Insomnia) is one of the most common sleep disorders in the world having the complaint of inadequate sleep. Studies of the prevalence of insomnia show about 30-35%, with a range of 10%-15% being assessed as moderate to severe disorders. Ibne...

The Unani system of Medicine is a great art of healing as well as a science. It treats a person as a whole not as an individual which aimed at treating body, mind, and soul simultaneously. Buqrat, the founder of the Unani system of medicine, proposed a theory of Akhlat (Humours). Ibn-i-Sina has prioritized the scheme of treatment as follows: Indeed...

This was a randomized controlled clinical study we have investigated the effect of Hijamat-bila-Shart in Waja-uz-Zahr. Total 60 patients were enrolled randomly assigned fortest group (n=30) and control group(n=30).Test group received Hijamat-bila-Shart, a total 8 sittings were scheduled alternately for 14 days, and control group received Tablet Ace...

In Unani system of Medicine, Amal-i-Kaiyy is the practice of burning the flesh for therapeutic purposes; to stop bleeding or other fluids, to remove unwanted skin or to create an entry point into the skin. Amal-i-Kaiyy (Cauterization) is an ancient medical practice and one of the modalities included in Ilāj bit Tadbir. It is the application of corr...

Although, there is a detailed description of Amal-i-Kaiyy in unani system of medicine, the use of it for therapeutic purposes in now almost abandoned. It remained a precious treasure of unani system of Medicine. One of the earliest references of Amal-i-Kaiyy was found in the surgical papyrus in 1600 BC for the treatment of ulcer and tumours. Amal-i...

It is simple, inexpensive and most importantly patient directed mode of treatment that focus on moving the unimpaired limb or body part that can stimulate the brain noninvasively. Āina-Chīnī is a Persian word comprising with two components i.e. Āina = Mirror and Chīnī = to watch. Some physicians translated āina-chīnī as Chinese Mirror. Therapeutica...

Unani System of Medicine has four modes of treatment and these are; ʹIlāj bil Ghizā (Dietotherapy), ʹIlāj bit Tadbīr (Regimenal Therapy), ʹIlāj bid Dawā (Pharmacotherapy) and ʹIlāj bil Yad (Surgery). Ilaj bit Tadbīr is a mode of treatment which works on the principle of modification or modulation in Asbāb sitta ḍarūriya (Six Essential Factors) for...

Unani scholars described all the painful conditions of the joint under one caption i.e., Waja-ul-Mafasil, which, had later been given the name according to the site of the pain. The pain which starts from the hip joint and radiate towards the lower extremity is called as Irqunnasa (Sciatica). In fact, inflammation of sciatic nerve is called Irqunna...

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common disorder related with pain and deformity with a prevalence of 0.5-1% in general population; and with an estimate 5-50 per 100000 new cases recorded annually. The present line of treatment in conventional medicine depends on the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) such as methotrexate, nonsteroidal an...

Wet cupping

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the commonest and severe form of muscular dystrophy seen in male. Genetically DMD is an X-linked recessive disorder which caused by mutations in the giant dystrophin gene. Slow and progressive muscle weakness start presenting soon after the age of 3 years. Severe weakness and wasting occurs in proximal muscles o...

ABSTRACT Qilatte Haiwane Manwiya (oligospermia) is one of the most common causes of male infertility. Despite up-to-date advances in the management of male infertility, the problem has not been solved satisfactorily. There are various defects in spermatozoa found on semen analysis which produce male infertility such as inadequate number of permatoz...

Warm-e-Majra-e-Baul (UTI) is an infection that starts in the urinary system. Unani system of medicine lacks the exact description of urinary tract infection as such but various descriptions are found under the caption of Warm-e-Majra-e-Baul including Warm-e-Gurda, Warm-e-Masana, Hurqat-e-Baul, and Warm-e-Ahleel etc which may be considered as synony...

Hijāmat is a mode of treatment, which is carried out by creating partial vacuum in the cupping glasses, placed on the body surface by mean of fire or suction, in order to evacuate morbid material or to divert the material from the deeper tissues of diseased part, or to return a displaced organ to its normal position or to encourage the blood flow t...

Abstract The objective of 'this case report is to evaluate the effect of Unani medicine and Riyazat (Exercise) therapy for retraining walking abilities in a person suffering from paraplegia after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). The patient was assessed on the basis of WISCI-II, ASIA and 10-Meter walk-test. Patient was given Unani medicine (Hab...

Since, the Hijamat therapy is not still scientifically validated, therefore, after reviewing unani literature, a case study on Hijamat-Bila-Shurt in the management of Waja-ul-Mafasil was carried out. In the present study, thirty patients of 20-65 yrs of age were clinically diagnosed and were enrolled for 35 days from the OPD/IPD of NIUM Hospital. P...

Warm e-Majra-e-Baul is a wide term which includes Warm-e -Gurda, Warm-e-Masâna, Warm-e-Ahleel and Hurqat-e-Baul. The common s and symptoms of Warm-e-Majra-e-Baul are burning mnicturition, frequency of urinato urgency, dysurea, pyrexia with rigor, strangury and suprapubic abdominal pain. A Unani formulation, containing Sat-Behroza, Ral Safaid, Shora...

ABSTRACT There are basically three modes of treatment in unani system of medicine named as Pharmacotherapy, Surgery and Regimenal & Diet therapy. Cupping is one of the regimens which is being used since ancient time for various diseases. It can be used alone or with other therapy for the better results in various indicated diseases as arthritis, he...

Waja-uz-Zohar (Low Back Pain) is the most common pain in the lumbosacral region seen in general practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Hijamat-bila-Shurt in the symptomatic management of Wajauz- Zohar. Hijamat is a unani mode of treatment, which is carried out by producing partial vacuum in the cupping glasses, by mea...

Waja-ul-Mafasil is a broad term encompasses almost all the painful conditions of the joints including Osteoarthritis. Hjamat is a Unani mode of treatment, which is carried out by producing partial vacuum in the cupping glasses, placed on the body surface by mean of heat or suction, in order to evacuate morbid material or to divert the material from...

The concept of generating utility of food as health promoting factor beyond its nutritional values IS gaining acceptance with in public arena and among scientific community. Neutraceutical is a new revolution in today's world. Possible mechanism of action being immunomodulation, antioxidant, antistress action and protective action against various o...

Cerebrovascular accidents are responsible for a number of disabilities. Cerebral Stroke is considered as the most severe disabling neurological disease. It is third commonest cause of death in the world. Its most important causes are cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage. The neurological deficit reflects both location and site of infarction or hemorhag...