Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

• Phd, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
• Professor at University of Malaysia, Perlis

Geopolymer has become an alternative binder to cement in recent years. While producing cement, approximately 0.8 tons of CO2 is released to produce one ton of clinker. The cement industry causes about 5% to 8% of the world's greenhouse gases to be released. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry. Geopolymer...

The CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) thin film has been investigated to understand the impact of vacuum annealing on surface morphology, electrical property, and work function. The thin films were sputtered at room temperature and at 300°C, followed by vacuum annealing at 600°C. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated a transfo...

The growing concern over plastic waste and the depletion of natural aggregates has spurred interest in sustainable construction materials. This study examines the mechanical and morphological performance of recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites reinforced with activated carbon (AC)-treated clay for use as lightweight concrete aggregates. The nove...

Hot Mix Asphalt mixtures are often used as the top layer of pavement structures to build roads worldwide. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures combine bitumen and aggregate to produce roads. This paper aims to determine the optimum bitumen content (OBC) and investigate combining glass fiber in HMA with replacing a partial glass fiber of fine aggregate by...

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the efficacy of metakaolin based alkali activated materials for the efficient removal of nickel and lead ions from aqueous solutions. The synthesis process involved the preparation of porous structures with high porosity, leading to an expanded surface area and an increased number of sorption s...

The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into building structures offers a promising solution to enhance energy efficiency and improve thermal comfort. In this study, shape-stabilized PCMs (SSPCMs) consisting of capric acid (CA) as the PCMs were incorporated into cementitious binders using porous minerals of diatomaceous earth (DE) and expa...

TiO2 sol was produced via the sol–gel method with different amounts of AgNO3 as the source of Ag. The Ag/TiO2 thin film was obtained by spin coating and was annealed at various annealing temperatures (300°C, 400°C and 500°C) for 1 h. The effect of different amounts of AgNO3 and different annealing temperatures on the TiO2 thin films was studied by...

Sustainable dolomitic limestone (DL) and surkhi (SK) powders replace cement in lightweight foam concrete (LFC) for the first time. A total of fifteen LFC mixes were produced, which included reference mixtures. DL was used as a partial substitute for cement, with varying proportions ranging from 0 to 20% by weight. SK was employed as a partial repla...

In this work, Nanocellulose (NC) reinforced geopolymer foams are prepared in a low molarity potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution between 0.32M and 1.62M. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to design experiments and optimise the compressive strength of the resulting geopolymer foam. The factors studied are seawater/potassium silicate (SW/KSil)...

Waste tire dust (WTD) was activated and modified via an electron beam to graft with tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) monomer. This process was investigated in conjunction with reaction parameters, namely, monomer concentration, absorbed dose, grafting temperature, and grafting time. The effect of grafting conditions on the grafting yield (GY)...

Geopolymers are commonly recognized as sustainable alternatives to OPC and it has broad range of applications. Certain properties of geopolymer such as density are concerned in order to apply in the construction industry. Different densities of geopolymer could be obtained by varying the concentration of the alkaline activator. However, the densiti...

Cold-pressing method is beneficial in reducing the porosity of geopolymer matrix, but the low liquid volume will result in unreacted aluminosilicate materials. This problem can be resolved by increasing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. This paper thus investigates the effect of NaOH concentration on the properties of cold-pressed geopolymer....

Water-to-binder (W/B) ratio has a great influence on the bulk density, compressive strength and morphology of fly ash/ladle furnace slag (FA/LFS) blended one-part geopolymer. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of W/B ratio on the performance of the one-part geopolymer. The one-part geopolymer were prepared at W/B ratio of 0.20-0.3...

Geopolymer concrete is a new sustainable and environmentally friendly composite with great potential to replace conventional concrete that is mostly produced by ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Binders used for geopolymer concrete such as fly ash and blast furnaces are mostly industrial wastes or by -products containing high silica and aluminium con...

There has been rising trend in utilizing alternative binders and recycled materials to lessen the environmental footprint of cement and concrete manufacturing. Fly ash and slag, when activated with alkaline solutions, can replace Portland cement, enhancing sustainability. These alternative binders and recycled materials can lead to denser and more...

This chapter explores the sustainable and economically feasible use of alkali-activated slag (AAS) in construction for repair and protection. It offers an extensive review of AAS, highlighting its suitability focusing on strength, endurance, and resistance to various damages. This chapter also discusses the practicable producing and curing AAS, as...

As a novel eco-friendly material, geopolymer boasts impressive sustainability, technical performance, and commercial prospects. In addition, geopolymer offers significant benefits for soft soil foundation reinforcement. This chapter focuses on the challenges and progresses of geopolymer technology as a viable strategy for soft soils stabilization,...

This chapter discusses the potential valorization of copper mine tailings as a sustainable road construction material through geopolymerization, and addresses environmental, technological, and economic challenges. Geoploymerization mitigates heavy metal pollution and acid mine drainage by transforming waste into usable materials, reducing the need...

Increasing attention has been paid on the utilization of non-ferrous metallurgical slags (NFMS) for the synthesis of alkali-activated materials, which offers sustainable solution for slag disposal, reduces natural resources consumption, and improves eco-friendly development of construction industry. This work extensively reviews the recycling of NF...

The present study investigates the behavior of Sn whisker growth on Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solder joints during thermal cycling conducted for 1500 cycles at temperature of − 40 (+ 0/− 10) °C and + 85 (+ 10/− 0) °C through industry standard practices JESD22-A121A established by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC). Results determine that t...

RO 137345 A2 (B1) Emis la 30 oct. 2024 - GEOPOLIMER ECOLOGIC PE BAZĂ DE CENUȘĂ DE TERMOCENTRALĂ ȘI PULBERE DE STICLĂ DIN DEȘEURI RECICLATE PENTRU APLICAȚII ÎN DOMENIUL CONSTRUCȚIILOR ȘI PROCEDEU DE OBȚINERE

In recent years, the research and development in conductive polymer composites (CPCs) had gained considerable interests in both industry and academia as potential materials for electronic interconnects. These composites require to have the ability to conduct electric while maintaining sufficient flexibility while withstanding the bending, twisting,...

The construction industry recognizes the need for green, lightweight, and self-compacting materials that are also ecologically benign. Recent studies suggest that the novel lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) could potentially reduce the self-weight of structures. Adding natural fibers to FC improves its mechanical properties and contributes signific...

Biochar-based composite phase change materials (PCMs) are gaining popularity in thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Organic PCMs derived from fatty acids are favored for their affordability and variable melting temperatures based on carbon chain length. Understanding the interaction between different carbon-length fatty acid PCMs and porous...

Photocatalyst material titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) were used to improve the self-cleaning properties of thin films. The sol–gel spin-coating method was successfully used to synthesize GO/TiO2 thin films. Surface modification was applied to optimize the self-cleaning capabilities by adding several concentrations of sodium dodecyl...

Alkali-activated slag has been noted as one of potential alternatives to the ordinary Portland cement due to its properties including high early strength performance and capability of ambient curing. However, there is still limited studies available on elucidating the reaction processes towards producing the excellent properties. This study aims to...

This study explores the impact of weak acid salt agents (citrate and tartrate) in the mixture and various curing conditions on the properties of supersulfated cement (SSC) mortar. Compressive strength tests were conducted on prism-shaped samples measuring 4 × 4 × 16 cm. A comprehensive analysis of the phase assemblage of hardened products was carri...

Flexible and rigid road pavement deteriorates over time and needs high-performance patching repair materials. Cold mix asphalt patching is an easy and inexpensive repair material to repair potholes and other damaged roads. However, the repaired road pavement fails because it doesn’t have adequate compressive and bonding strength to the substrate. T...

The book then delves into the specifics of ferrous metals, discussing their properties, classification, and various types of steel alloys. It explores the different heat treatment processes that can be employed to modify the properties of steel, such as annealing, quenching, and tempering. The emphasis is on understanding the microstructural change...

Geopolymer Foam (GF) is an innovative and extension product of geopolymer with additional porosity. This provides the material with the advantages that comes with being porous while benefiting from the basic properties of a common geopolymer. Although numerous studies are reported on geopolymer foam, none has reported on the optimization in its com...

The production of eco-friendly concrete has been made possible by reusing agricultural and industrial wastes. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the characteristics of lightweight foamed concrete (LWF) produced from a protein-based foaming agent and including granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA)...

In weak magnetic fields, there are changes in the arrangement of atoms, which are otherwise called magnetic relaxations. The exact phenomenon that will be investigated in this paper concerns the disaccomodation of magnetic susceptibility, which is one of the most frequently observed effects of magnetic lag. During this magnetic delay, there is a re...

Depending on their other constituent elements, Fe-based amorphous materials can exhibit good soft magnetic properties. By determining the directional coefficient b for the relationship of µ0M(µ0H)1/2 according to the best linear fit, it is possible to determine the parameter of spin wave stiffness Dspf. This parameter, amongst others, is related to...

Fe-based, rapid-quenched alloys are characterized by good magnetic properties. For alloys with ferromagnetic properties, an important parameter is the saturation magnetization. Its value depends on many factors, including: chemical composition, content of ferromagnetic elements, and structure of the material. For alloys with an amorphous structure,...

By replacing traditional Portland cement (OPC) with crumb rubber in fly ash-based geopolymer mortar, waste tyre disposal and natural mineral aggregate use can be reduced, resulting in lower CO2 emissions. Crumb rubber geopolymer mortar is formed when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) are mixed with fly ash (class F) to make alum...

Nepheline geopolymer ceramics have emerged as a promising sustainable alternative to traditional cementitious materials in various applications. As the sintering mechanism plays a crucial role in the densification and mechanical performance of ceramics, therefore, in this paper, a preliminary study was conducted to examine the effects of densificat...

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid polymer ZOPAT compared to single polymers in treating textile wastewater. The research analyzed reduction of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and suspended solids using jar testing. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the treatment, analyze variance, and...

This study investigated the influence of reinforcing 0.50 wt.% of titanium oxide (TiO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles on the wettability performance of a Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder alloy. The thermal properties of the SAC305 nanocomposite solder are comparable with thos of an SAC305 solder with a peak temperature window within a ran...

To promote diatomaceous earth (DE)-based phase change composite as green energy building materials, this paper bridges the studies of experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) focusing on the absorption effect of phase change materials (PCMs). Octadecanoic acid (OA) was selected as PCMs and DE as supporting material for the fabrication of composite...

Iron-based coagulants are widely used in wastewater treatment due to their high positively charged ion that effectively destabilise colloidal suspension, and thus contribute to the formation of insoluble flocs. Ferric chloride, ferrous sulphate, and poly-ferric sulphate (PFS) are examples of iron-based coagulants that are highly available, and are...

Researchers have shown significant interest in the incorporation of nanoscale components into concrete, primarily driven by the unique properties exhibited by these nanoelements. A nanoparticle comprises numerous atoms arranged in a cluster ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm in size. The brittleness of foamed concrete (FC) can be effectively mitigated by...

This research aims to study the effects of the sintering mechanism on the crystallization kinetics when the geopolymer is sintered at different temperatures: 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C for a 3 h soaking time with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The geopolymer is made up of kaolin and sodium silicate as the precursor and an alk...

The high liquid content of cast geopolymer not only limits its strength development and durability but also leads to high energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Thus, a study of the cast and pressed geopolymer was performed. The geopolymers were cured for 1, 7 and 28 d before testing and characterizations. With the incorporation of...

Stabilization of fill soil improve its physical and mechanical properties and led to better load carrying capacity and enable steeper temporary slope to be formed during construction period. In this study an industrial by-product, fly-ash (FA), was used as precursor to produce geopolymer as chemical stabilizer to improve the physical and mechanical...

In the pursuit of achieving zero emissions, exploring the concept of recycling metal waste from industries and workshops (i.e., waste-free) is essential. This is because metal recycling not only helps conserve natural resources but also requires less energy as compared to the production of new products from virgin raw materials. The use of metal sc...

The growth and formation of primary intermetallics formed in Sn-3.5Ag soldered on copper organic solderability preservative (Cu-OSP) and electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) surface finish after multiple reflows were systematically investigated. Real-time synchrotron imaging was used to investigate the microstructure, focusing on the in situ gr...

Globally, there is an increasing need for ceramic materials that have a variety of applications in the environment, for precision tools, and for the biomedical, electronics, and environmental industries. However, in order to obtain remarkable mechanical qualities, ceramics have to be manufactured at a high temperature of up to 1600 °C over a long h...

Considering the limitation of fossil fuel resources and their environmental effects, the use of renewable energies is increasing. In the current research, a combined cooling and power production (CCPP) system is investigated, the energy source of which is solar energy. Solar energy absorbs by solar flat plate collectors (SFPC). The system produces...

Graphitic carbon is a valuable material that can be utilized in many fields, such as electronics, energy storage and wastewater filtration. Due to the high demand for commercial graphite, an alternative raw material with lower costs that is environmentally friendly has been explored. Amongst these, an agricultural bio-waste material has become an o...

In the published publication [...]