Mohd Khairuddin Md A

• Dr.Sc.Ing
• Lecturer at University of Malaysia, Perlis

In this research, a silicon nanogap biosensor has the potential to play a significant role in the field of biosensors for detecting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) molecules due to its unique nanostructure morphology, biocompatibility features, and electrical capabilities. Additionally, as preliminary research for RBP4, a silicon nanogap biosensor...

Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative complication defined by the accumulation of alpha synuclein lewy bodies in the brain. Misdiagnosis results widespread of Parkinson’s disease because clinical diagnosis is challenging, underlining a need of a better detection technique, such as non-invasive magnetic induction tomography (MIT) tech...

Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology provides a solution for controlling Short-Channel Effects (SCEs) and enhancing the performance of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). However, scaling down SOI MOSFETs to a nanometer scale does not necessarily yield further scaling benefits. Introducing multiple gates, such as a double...

The main goal of this research is the development of a label-free biosensor for the detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) using the target molecule retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach, currently used to detect DM, is time-consuming and difficult. As a result, label-free biosensors are being conside...

Highly specific detection of tumor-associated biomarkers remains a challenge in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In this research, Maackia amurensis (MAA) was used as a recognition element in the functionalization of an electrochemical impedance-spectroscopy biosensor without a label to identify cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation prostate-sp...

Uncharged biomolecules sensing performance of dielectric-modulated field-effect transistor (DMFET) biosensor at various nanogap thickness via semiconductor device simulation tool was assessed in this work. The device structures with 10 nm-, 15 nm-, and 20 nm-thick nanogap were constructed for this investigation. Each device structure was applied wi...

Background: Microfluidic devices have evolved into low-cost, simple, and powerful analytical tool platforms. Herein, an electrochemically-based microfluidic nanobiosensor array for monoplex and multiplex detection of physiologically relevant analytes is reviewed. Unlike other analyte detection methods, microfluidics-based embedded electrochemical n...

In severe cases, Parkinson’s disease causes uncontrolled movements known as motor symptoms such as dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Parkinson’s disease also causes non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, depression and hysteria. Disruption of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neural networks in the substantia nigra pars com...

Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause nerve cell degeneration in the brain, resulting in a variety of symptoms and are not treatable with drugs. Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, motor neuron disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal cerebral dyskinesia (SCA), spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), multip...

Up to present, no study has reported on the use of silicon carbide nanomaterials (SiCNMs) as susceptor for microwave welding of thermoplastics. Therefore, in this study, silicon carbide nanowhiskers (SiCNWs) was attempted as the microwave susceptor for the microwave welding of polypropylene (PP). It was observed that SiCNWs are capable of absorbing...

Due to their excellent dielectric properties and the rapid response to microwave irradiation, silicon carbide nanowhiskers (SiCNWs) were employed as microwave susceptor in this study to absorb microwave and locally melt the surrounding polypropylene (PP) substrates for the joining of PP substrates. Complete welded joint is formed after the melted P...

Background A label-free Faradaic electrochemical impedimetric was developed for a highly sensitive detection of C-reactive protein using a gold interdigitated microelectrode bio-sensing platform enhanced by a gold nanoparticle-decorated molybdenum disulfide (Au-NPs/MoS2) nanosheet via selected chemical linking processes. C-reactive protein (C-RP),...

A highly sensitive silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based sensor device was developed using electron beam lithography integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The top-down fabrication approach enables the rapid fabrication of device miniaturization with uniform and strictly controlled geometric and surface properties. This...

This study aims to develop a rapid and sensitive biomimetic biosensor for the early detection of bleeding disorders by sensing human blood clotting factor IX protein (FIX). Authors used a dual sensitive detection strategy to identify FIX deficiency in human plasma, by incorporating aptamer recognition mechanism with molecular imprinted polymer (MIP...

The present work deals with the development of a Love-wave biosensor for the diagnosis of the modification of cell viscosity. The relevant device performance such as insertion loss, attenuation, phase velocity, and sensitivity needs to be analysed as a function of the device structure and also regarding the effect of the liquid loading. In this stu...

In this study, a hybrid statistical analysis (Taguchi method supported by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis) and numerical analysis (utilizing a Silvaco device simulator) was implemented to optimize the structural parameters of silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based self-switching diodes (SSDs) to achieve a high responsivity value as a...

In an aim of developing portable biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which facilitates the point-of-care aptasensing, a strategy using 10 μm gap-sized gold interdigitated electrode (AuIDE) is presented. The silane-modified AuIDE surface was deposited with ∼20 nm diamond and enhanced the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NCP). The charact...

Prostate cancer is currently diagnosed using the conventional gold standard methods using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the selective biomarker. However, lack of precision in PSA screening has resulted in needless biopsies and delays the treatment of potentially fatal prostate cancer. Thus, identification of glycans as novel biomarkers for the...

A label-free chemical bonding strategy mediated by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) basal plane functional groups has been developed for cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) detection. Four different chemical strategies on respective electrode sensing surface were precedingly examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impedimetric assessment was c...

The paper investigated on performance in charge sensing for substrate-gate integrated silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensor at different thickness of the buried oxide layer, sandwiched in between the top-silicon and substrate layers. The device structures with different buried oxide thickness ranging from 100 to 200 nm were designed an...

This paper reported on performance assessment of a field-effect transistor-based biosensor with different widths of the silicon nanowire transducer channel. Silvaco ATLAS device simulation software was used to model the device design with three different channel widths, which are 100, 150, and 200 nm. In this simulation, the bounded target biomolec...

A conventional photolithography technique was used to fabricate three types of Archimedean-spiral interdigitated electrodes (AIDEs) containing concentric interlocking electrodes with different electrode and gap sizes, i.e., 150 μm (D1), 100 μm (D2), and 50 μm (D3). The precision of the fabrication was validated by surface topography using scanning...

This study described a “green chemistry” synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticle (TiO2-NP) using environment-friendly reducing agents that were from Elodea canadensis. The obtained TiO2-NP has an intense surface plasmon reverberation band at ~ 250 nm with UV–visible spectroscopic investigation which showed the intactness of TiO2-NPs. The morpholog...

This study represents the surface charge transduction, an efficient and inexpensive biosensor with modifications by silica-alumina entities and determination of gene sequence hybridization. The sensing surface was made by the planar aluminium interdigitated electrode on silicon substrate. Silica and alumina nanoparticles were engineered on the plan...

This research reports a new approach with lectin-based capacitive non-faradaic biosensor for the detection of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a promising diagnostic marker for determining prostate cancer. PSMA expression is significantly higher in malign hyperplasia, thus can be effectively employed to discriminate other benign prostat...

Background Dengue is known as the most severe arboviral infection in the world that spread by Aedes aegypti. However, conventional and laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are the present approached in detecting dengue virus (DENV), required skilled and well-trained personnel to operate. Therefore, the ultrasensitive and labe...

Misfolding and accumulation of the protein alpha synuclein in the brain cells characterize Parkinson's disease (PD). Electrochemical based aluminum interdigitated electrodes (ALIDEs) was fabricated by using conventional photolithography method and modified the surfaces with zinc oxide and gold nanorod by using spin coating method for the analysis o...

Nanoparticles (NPs) are produced through nanotechnology development by reducing the metal to its nuclear size. NP synthesis includes a few techniques, such as physical, chemical, and biological techniques. Physical methods avoid NP solvent contamination but it is not negligible to consume a large quantity of energy for condensation and evaporation...

Drastically growing research areas are mainly dependent on nanotechnology for the purpose of a better outcome and to propose new advancements in their respective field. In fact, nanotechnology has been an attraction field for all researchers due to their outstanding key prospects in all the fields. Truly, to claim that nature also can be distinguis...

Despite manufacturers’ goal of molding single component products from plastics, the structures of some of the products are far too complex to be molded as a single piece. Therefore, assembly of subcomponents into the final products is important for the manufacturing of many plastic-based products. To date, welding is the most efficient joining meth...

Nanofabricated gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on MoS2 nanosheets (Au-NPs/MoS2) in back-gated field-effect transistor (BG-FET) are presented, which acts as an efficient semiconductor device for detecting a low concentration of C-reactive protein (C-RP). The decorated nanomaterials lead to an enhanced electron conduction layer on a 100-μm-sized transduc...

Mortality level is worsening the situation worldwide thru blood diseases and greatly jeopardizes the human health with poor diagnostics. Due to the lack of successful generation of early diagnosis, the survival rate is currently lower. To overcome the present hurdle, new diagnostic methods have been choreographed for blood disease biomarkers analys...

SiC nanomaterial (SiCNM) is known for its excellent properties and has great potential for a wide range of applications. In this article, preparation of SiCNMs from different types of graphite was performed by microwave-assisted synthesis. Different types of graphite which are graphite flake (GF) and expanded graphite (EG) were used to react with s...

This work explores Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) detection for a highly-sensitive quantification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in Faradaic (f-EIS) and non-Faradaic modes (nf-EIS). Immobilization of monoclonal antibody specific to PSA (anti-PSA) was performed using 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hyd...

Nowadays, nanotechnology has become a vast expanding application which can be used all across the science field such as chemistry, biology, physic, material science and engineering. In this paper, a poly-Si nanowire biosensor was fabricated by using the conventional photolithography technique. In addition, this technique is used to define the initi...

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is widely utilised to develop various types of biosensors; however, producing self-assembled rGO nanoflake networks through single-droplet drop-casting remains inconsistent. In the present work, we systematically used three different methods to prepare rGO suspensions in order to produce large scale self-assembled rGO n...

Field of generating a surface thin film is emerging broadly in sensing applications to obtain the quick and fast results by forming the high-performance sensors. Incorporation of thin film technologies in sensor development for the better sensing could be a promising way to attain the current requirements. This work predominantly delineates the fab...

Recently, simulations of In0.48Ga0.52As-based Planar Barrier Diode (PBD) and Self-Switching Device (SSD) as millimeter-wave rectifiers were reported. Both PBD and SSD have a planar structure, but with different insulating shapes and working principles. In this work, a hybrid structure of the reported PBD and SSD in a parallel configuration is propo...

The Chinese traditional joss paper has been recycled and silica and aluminium nanocomposite production is reported in the current research, using an alkalinization procedure. Characterization of silica and aluminium nanocomposite extracted was performed using field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM), field-emission scanning electron...

An incredible amount of joss fly ash is produced from the burning of Chinese holy joss paper; thus, an excellent method of recycling joss fly ash waste to extract aluminosilicate nanocomposites is explored. The present research aims to introduce a novel method to recycle joss fly ash through a simple and straightforward experimental procedure invol...

Microfluidics explores the manipulation of fluid in small volume, a multidisciplinary field is imperative for DNA extraction. This study offers a simple yet substantial methodology for the fabrication of microfluidics structure-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) biopolymer on a glass substrate with SU-8 photoresist for label-free detection of pathog...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among men and women. According to the World Health Organization, ischemic heart disease is the major issue among the population due to narrowing of the coronary artery by the plaque formation on the artery wall and causes an inadequate flow of oxygen and bl...

A method is described for the electrochemical determination of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, and by testing the effect of 30 nm gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Three comparative studies were performed in the presence and absence of GNPs, and with agglomerated GNPs. The divalent ion Ca(II) was used to induce a strong agglomeration of GNPs, as co...

Fly ash is found as a significant solid waste released from power plants to the atmosphere, but its qualitative and quantitative consumptions for the sustainability are ambiguous. The main issues aroused with the disposal of fly ash are the requirement of a large land area for landfills, cause toxicity and pollution to the soil and groundwater due...

Lung cancer is one of the most serious threats to human where 85% of lethal death caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) induced by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. The present research focuses in the development of efficient and effortless EGFR mutant detection strategy through high-performance and sensitive genosensor. The...

This study describes the fabrication of three different gap-fingered aluminum-interdigitated electrodes (AlIDEs) on the silicon substrate based on photolithographic method, followed by integration of the gold nanorod–zinc oxide nanocomposite. The IDE masks were designed using AutoCAD software with the gaps of 10, 20, and 30 μm for design 1, 2, and...

One-dimensional silicon carbide nanomaterial (SiCNM) is the leading potential material for high temperature, high power and harsh environment components and devices. This is due to the outstanding properties of the one-dimensional SiCNMs such as high mechanical properties, high hardness, good chemical inertness and excellent electronic properties....

The reduction of silver metal through the headway of nanotechnology results in the production of silver nanoparticle (AgNP). It is an apparent metallic nanoparticle widely recognized in nanotechnology for its application in various platforms. Physical, chemical and biological methods have been studied and developed in the past decade to synthesize...

A genomic DNA-based colorimetric assay is described for the detection of the early growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, which is the protruding reason for non-small cell lung cancer. A DNA sequence was designed and immobilized on unmodified gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The formation of the respective duplex indicates the presence of an EGFR mutati...

Biosensor with insensitive electrolyte variation is one of the basic norms to be investigated for developing a high-performance disease diagnostic with a non-biofouling. On the other hand, the optimum dimension of biosensor plays a significant factor to be considered for generating a biosensensing system with a least influence by the buffering agen...

The pragmatic outcome of a lung cancer diagnosis is closely interrelated in reducing the number of fatal death caused by the world's top cancerous disease. Regardless of the advancement made in understanding lung tumor, and its multimodal treatment, in general the percentage of survival remain low. Late diagnosis of a cancerous cell in patients is...

Background Ampicillin has been widely used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment and prevention of human diseases with a low-toxicity. Ampicillin plays an important role in therapeutics, however, there might be some synthetically prepared compounds for the applications in agriculture, animals and even humans that eventually have resulted...

Graphene is a 2-dimensional nanomaterial with an atomic thickness has attracted a strong scientific interest owing to their remarkable optical, electronic, thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties. Graphene-based materials particularly graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are widely utilized in various applications ranging from food...

This paper primarily demonstrates the approach to enhance the sensing performance on antigen C-reactive protein (CRP) and anti-CRP antibody binding event. A nanogapped electrode structure with the gap of ~100 nm was modified by the anti-CRP antibody (Probe) to capture the available CRP. In order to increase the amount of antigen to be captured, a g...

A simple, single-masked gold interdigitated triple-microelectrodes biosensor is presented by taking the advantage of an effective self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using an amino-silanization technique for the early detection of a prostate cancer's biomarker, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Unlike most interdigitated electrode biosensors, bioreco...

This article is clearly presenting the development of a biosensor for human factor IX (FIX) to diagnose the blood clotting deficiency, a so-called ‘Royal disease’ using an interdigitated electrode (IDE) with the zinc oxide surface modification. Gold nano-urchins (GNUs) with 60 nm in diameter was integrated into a streptavidin-biotinylated aptamer s...

This article describes the fabrication and characterization of the aluminum interdigitated electrode (IDE) hybrid with ZnO for the detection of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) biomarker. IDE was modified with one type of probe, which is antibody for troponin T (MAb-cTnT). Initially, it starts with the fabrication process including cleaning of the wafer a...

In this paper, a label-free approach utilizing field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor is presented and demonstrated for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection related to dengue virus. The biologically active element (in this case for DNA) will have a reaction with a physical transducer (i.e. channel area that connecting the source and drain) and tr...

In 1977, there are two scientists, first used the rRNA sequence to study the overall phylogenetic structure of living world, who are Carl Woese and George E. Fox. Herein, based on their foundation, we prepared a set of broad range of 16s rRNA to compare the differences and select the common non-conserved region of the sequence to be used as a probe...

This paper investigates the effect of different doping concentrations on the performance of a polycrystalline silicon nanowire (poly-SiNW) field-effect transistor (FET) for biosensing application. The p-type poly-SiNW FET biosensor was designed and simulated in a commercial numerical simulation, Silvaco ATLAS. Three different p-type doping concentr...

This paper focuses on the impact towards the performance of silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) for biosensing application based on different channel lengths of the nanowire. A device numerical modelling tool, Silvaco ATLAS was used to design three p-type SiNW-FET biosensors with different lengths of 0.5, 1.0, and 10.0 μm. The desig...

Dengue fever (DF) is one of the deadliest diseases threatening human life. Tt is transmitted to human body from the bite of female Aedes mosquitoes affected by dengue viruses (DENY). To date, there is no specific antibiotic, vaccine or medication to fight against DENY, hence those infected with DF are often dependent on the non-specific treatments...

The oligonucleotide sequences of four different serotypes of dengue virus that can infect humans, which are DENV-l, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 compared and analyzed. Software Clustalx, Genedoc and Splits tree are used to study the origin and the relationship among similar sequences. The information is valuable to design biosensor for dengue viral de...

Influenza virus is an infectious cause influenza disease. It was understood that the classification of the influenza virus is based on their host-origin and nomenclatures, were coined based on surface protein (Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase). The objective of this work is to make a view on Influenza A viral subtypes. Analysis on conserved and non-...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the infecting human viruses. To achieve the entry of virion into the host cells, HSV requires 5 types of the glycoprotein, which are glycoprotein C (gC), glycoprotein D (gD), Glycoprotein B (gB) and a complex of glycoprotein H and glycoprotein L (gH-gL). All five glycoproteins are mandatory for HSV-host interact...

Graphene consists of sheets of two-dimensional allotrope carbons and is a basic element of graphite. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were exfoliated from graphite material under vacuum and low temperature and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder di...

Interaction between split RNA aptamer and the clinically important target, HIV-1 Tat was investigated on a biosensing surface transduced by functionally choreographed multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Acid oxidation was performed to functionalize MWCNTs with carboxyl functional groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis had profound ~2.91...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a life threatening, weakens the immune system upon infection, thus ultimately resulting in the fatal health issues. This situation necessitates the generation of different strategies for HIV detection. HIV-1 Tat, a transactivator of HIV gene expression, was chosen in this study as the target of a non-functional...

Reduction of graphene oxide becomes an alternative way to produce a scalable graphene and the resulting nanomaterial namely reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been utilized in a wide range of potential applications. In this article, the level of green reduction strategies, especially the solution-based reduction methods are overviewed based on recent...

This chapter discusses the progress made in the aptamer‐based colorimetric assay. Aptamer generation involves three steps, which include binding, separation, and amplification. Since aptamers show a high binding affinity with their target molecules, aptamer‐based sensors have been used to detect and screen for various diseases. Several aptamers are...

Nanoparticles have been paid a great attraction in interdisciplinary sciences owing to their unique characteristics. Different nanoparticles were synthesized in metallic and non-metallic states, showing varied sizes for down-stream applications. Copper nanoparticle (CuNP) has a special attention due to its great electrical, catalytic, optical and m...

The development of electrical biosensor towards device miniaturization in order to achieve better sensitivity with enhanced electrical signal has certain limitations especially complexity in fabrication process and costs. In this paper, an alternative technique with minor modification in the device structure is presented for signal amplification by...

Lipase is an enzyme commonly used in food, dairy, and other industries. Fungal lipases are more commonly used due to their secretion and easier production. Analyses of the amino acid composition of microbial lipases will hasten their potential usage in industrial applications. In this study, the major amino acid compositions of lipases secreted by...

This paper investigates the influence of substrate-gate coupling on the ZnO-FET biosensor's sensitivity for detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a 'gold standard' biomarker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The FET-based device with introduction of substrate-gate coupling on p-type silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is fabricated using co...

This paper presents the numerical simulation of an underlap field effect transistor (FET) device architecture on silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate for biosensing applications. By using the Silvaco ATLAS device simulator, this work is aimed to elucidate the effects of the different gate lengths, the presence of interface charge on the underlap se...

The remarkable properties of graphene have directly accelerated the graphene research. Due to its unique and remarkable characteristics, graphene can be potentially used in various applications. Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) has been identified as a promising and important method for preparation and production of graphene due to its good film un...

The authors describe an impedimetric nanosensor for aptamer-mediated detection of ATP. A triangular junction of polysilicon substrate is used as a transducer. The aptamer was immobilized on the substrate via biotin-streptavidin interaction. ATP can be detected by this method in the 10 to 100 nM concentration range at room temperature and estimated...

This review covers a developmental progression on early to modern taxonomy at cellular level following the advent of electron microscopy and the advancement in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction for expatiation of biological classification at DNA level. Here, we discuss the fundamental values of conventional chemical methods of DNA extraction u...

The authors describe an electrochemical method for the determination of the blood clotting factor IX (FIX). A nanogapped dielectrode (with a < 100 nm junction) was modified with antibody against FIX, and the resulting system was characterized by both impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry. In order to attain the improved sensitivity, gold nanoparti...

Thin films of reduced graphene oxide–multiwalled carbon nanotube (rGO–MWCNT) composites were demonstrated as sensing membrane electrodes for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) detection. The morphology of the rGO–MWCNT composite thin films was observed via field emission scanning electron microscopy. The GO sheet and MWCNTs were clearly obtained, and the...

Efficient micromixing is required for fast reaction and improved mixing performance for DNA extraction in microfluidic devices. This study outlines a simple, low cost approach for prototyping design and fabrication of PDMS microfluidics micromixers for DNA extraction. The design is plotted using AutoCAD software and the master template is fabricate...