Mohd zin Kandar

USIM | Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia | usim · Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Currently, the main environmental concerns encountered by most countries are energy and its consumption. A green lifestyle and energy efficiency (EE) could reduce daily energy consumption. Nevertheless, low awareness and knowledge of EE prevent proper green lifestyle practices to save energy and the environment. Thus, the study aims to examine buil...

This study highlighted the interrelationships that exist among the significant social factors and cultural factors that influence sustainable housing design. Furthermore, sustainable housing design is a vital area in the built environment literature that consist of social, cultural and economic factors. However, literature revealed that problem of...

Compressed stabilized earth brick (CSEB) was reviewed for its sustainability using online database. The study revealed among other things that CSEB has less embodied energy compared to most other walling materials. This implies a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon (IV) oxide, carbon (II)oxide, Sulphur (IV) oxide among...

Recently, Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) windows have become an alternative energy solution to achieve a zero-energy building (ZEB) and provide visual comfort. In Algeria, some problems arise due to the high energy consumption levels of the building sector. Large amounts of this energy are lost through the external envelope façade, because...

Daylighting is concerned with the lead causes of energy consumption where greenest building assessments is based on the daylight quality. Most of the measurements of daylight performance and quality are based on illuminances in office spaces. Daylight and illuminance should not be neglected in adapting the appropriate brightness as this is an impor...

External shading geometry on buildings has been found to contribute substantially to reducing energy consumption for cooling. This study examines the effect of inclined wall self-shading strategy on heat gain in an office building. Field measurement of environmental variables such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, dew point, and wet bulb t...

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) energy has now become one of the most significant renewable energy alternatives for providing natural daylight and clean energy. As such, this study was conducted for the first time in Algeria to experimentally evaluate the BIPV window energy and lighting energy savings of a typical office building under the...

Daylight quality and quantity in Algerian schools show serious problems in ensuring visual comfort of students and teachers. Some problems are due to window design, which leads to excessive amount of sunlight penetration into the classrooms. The consequences are glare and heat gain. This study investigates the effective glazing pattern for classroo...

Natural daylight is a renewable energy source that is important in photobiology study which looks into the effect of light to living organism. Students' visual comfort satisfaction due to efficient daylight in a classroom are highlighted in the physical of the building and learning space such as windows and openings. One of the factor that influenc...

Energy demand in buildings can reduce by improving energy efficiency. MS1525 has recommended that energy efficiency for Non-Residential Buildings in Malaysia to be not more than 135kWh/m²/year. A school building is a non-residential building and has major social responsibilities. Based on the theory of building energy-efficiency, energy efficiency...

Increased energy demand end to the world grew by 39% between 1990 to 2008 and further increased by 40% between 2007 to 2030. Energy consumption in buildings has been identified to contribute up to 40% of the total world. Through the selection of methods and the right strategy will reduce the problem of increase energy in buildings. Based on the the...

The presence of daylight affects human beings both physiologically and psychologically. Admitting daylight into an indoor enclosure improves mood, enhances morale, lowers fatigue, and reduces eyestrain. To adequately capture the characteristics of current daylight design practice in typical Algerian classroom A field observations was carried out in...

Daylighting is a passive design strategy for lighting office spaces given the fact that offices operate within daytime, usually between 8:00 am to 5:00 pm which corresponds to the period of daylight availability. Daylight is abundant in the tropics, free and has no negative impact on the environment. It has positive physiological and psychological...

The high level of demand and necessities for sustainable housing in recent time, different problems has been raised relating to Residents' satisfaction and urban quality of life. This paper examined the influence of six socio-cultural factors "i.e. family structure, family values, family life style, religious beliefs, privacy, safety and security"...

It is very important to consider housing as an important factor that plays a major role in resilience of the inhabitants on their land. This study aims to identify the factors of increasing the needs for residential housing in the Gaza Strip and estimate the residential housing needs after the last war in the Gaza Strip via critically reviewing sev...

The purpose of this research study was to highlight the challenges of sustainable development in the housing sector in the Gaza Strip especially via comprehensive review of relevant literature. A systematic approach was adopted to review the relevant previous literature. A total of 47 research articles from renowned journals (Environmental Developm...

Window placement and shading device configuration plays an important role when designing with daylight. In the tropical context, windows-especially on the west façade, can create unwanted illumination and induce glare. Excessive interior lighting can cause discomfort and stress amongst the users while poorly lit areas can have physical and mental c...

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) refers to the condition of a building’s internal environment that is related to the occupants’ health, comfort, and wellbeing. The assessment and improvement of IEQ in buildings are based on either subjective or objective assessment or the use of both measures, and in recent times, have been attracting attention d...

Sustainable developments in the field of architecture are turning out to be increasingly vital which requires the utilization of renewable energy and the reduction of energy consumption in Algerian mid-rise buildings. However, Algeria energy utilization which is not sustainable has contributed to excess amount of CO2 emission. This study investigat...

Objectives: To assessing an existing building for retrofitting towards improving its environmental performance and energy efficiency. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A walkthrough assessment and evaluation of a Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant Building facility in University Technology Malaysia, was carried out. In addition, an interview session with...

Energy demand in buildings can be reduced by improving energy efficiency. MS1525 has recommended that energy efficiency for Non-Residential Buildings in Malaysia to be not more than 135kWh/m²/year. A school building is a non-residential building and has major social responsibilities. Based on the theory of building energy-efficiency, energy efficie...

Increased energy demand end to the world grew by 39% between 1990 to 2008 and further increased by 40% between 2007 to 2030. Energy consumption in buildings has been identified to contribute up to 40% of the total world. Through the selection of methods and the right strategy will reduce the problem of increase energy in buildings. Based on the the...

: The purpose of current study was to investigate the influence of socio-cultural values i.e. Family structure, family values, family life style and religious beliefs on sustainable housing design among the Arab students who currently studying at UTM Malaysia. Data was collected from randomly selected sample of 150 graduate students from differen...

The presence of daylight affects human beings both physiologically and psychologically. Admitting daylight into an indoor enclosure improves mood, enhances morale, lowers fatigue, and reduces eyestrain. To adequately capture the characteristics of current daylight design practice in typical Algerian classroom A field observations was carried out in...

This study investigates and summarises the results of physical measurement of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in hospital building wards in Plateau State, Nigeria comparing two hospital settings. The results indicate that the mean indoor air temperature in the case study hospital ward buildings exceeded the range of 23-26 °C as recommended b...

This study is aim at determining the perceptions of the three occupants' groups in hospital buildings on their assessment of IEQ performance. This study data was collected through the subjective assessment of patients, staff, and visitors using a questionnaire as an instrument in measuring the respondents' perception score on indoor environment var...

Increasing energy demands projected in the year 2030 (40%) requires the government to take action on energy-efficiency initiatives now. This study aims to determine the user perception on energy efficiency and design of schools in Malaysia. The perception on energy efficiency (PEE) and perception on design (POD) are the construct to measure the per...

Utilizing available daylight in buildings is a crucial issue for reasons of energy-efficiency as well as improvement of occupant's health and well-being. Anidolic Daylighting System (ADS) is a type of daylighting system that provides daylight in areas far from windows. This device concentrates daylight in a collector and transfers it to duct situat...

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) is criteria used to rate green buildings and directly deals with comfort and health indicator of humans in green and high-performance buildings. The primary aim of building is for human comfort and satisfaction with each component. This paper is a result of an exploratory study carried out for an ongoing PhD resea...

There are a lot of office buildings without strategies for daylight utilization. Different strategies are suggested for better use of daylight. Self-shading strategy has been suggested to eliminate direct solar radiation to minimise energy use for cooling in offices but, the amount of daylight penetrating into the building can be reduced. In this r...

The essence of a view window (VW) in an office building is not only to bring an optimal balance between daylight and electric light, but also for psychological and health purpose. VW does not only allow the admittance of light and views, but indirectly affects the productivity and psychological wellbeing of office occupants; it has a link to the su...

In order for using building simulation tools, validation of building simulation should be evaluated. Integrated Environmental Solution (IES ) is an environmental design tool which couples an intuitive 3-dimensional modeling interface with extensive performance analysis function covering different criteria such as day lighting, heat gain and energy....

Most office buildings have been constructed without enough strategies for appropriate use of solar energy, especially in tropical regions. Different forms of buildings and strategies were recommended. Whereas conventional building envelops receive more solar radiation, self-shading strategy was suggested as a form of building to eliminate direct so...

The most pleasant architectures are known as systems which are able to maintain great correlation with nature. These systems make the best out of natural potentials to maintain thermal comfort for buildings occupants. To that aim, the first step is to manage the effect of outside weather condition on building's envelope. DSF is known as architects'...

. Individual and Architectural factors may affect the way we perceived our environment which are encompasses in three basic factors; Physical, Physiological and Psychological, these in turn affect the functional efficiency of occupants in an office building. The ability to comprehend one's environment as well as to perform a task within it is stron...

Tackling the challenge of climate change is about confronting the critical question of how we should value sustainability. The built environment is a reflection of our understanding through growing awareness of the solutions to issues that confront us. Public Works Department Malaysia (PWD) has taken steps progressively to create, adapt and apply a...

Lighting is desired for work and it has an impact to occupants’ satisfaction with their workspace to improve the preferred luminous condition in day-lit office. This study investigates the acceptable luminance level that meet the requirement for visual comfort through post occupancy evaluations for office buildings in Malaysia. This paper presents...

So much energy is used in high rise buildings to fulfill the basic needs of users such as lighting and thermal comfort. Malaysia has hot and humid climate, buildings especially high rise buildings receive unnecessary solar radiation that cause more solar heat gain. Energy use specially electricity consumption in high rise buildings has increased. T...

Over half of the total electricity consumption is used in buildings. Air-conditioning and electric lighting are the two main resources of electricity consumption in high rise buildings. One way to reduce electricity consumption would be to limit heat gain into buildings, therefore reduce the demand for air-conditioning during hot summer months espe...

Buildings are responsible for at least 40% of energy used in most Countries. The absolute figure is rising fast, as construction booms, especially in developing countries including Malaysia. Since energy consumption is identified as one of the major cause in climate change issues, effort to reduce energy consumption in building is considered an imp...