Mohammad Royapoor

RED Engineering Design Ltd

Does anyone have any recommendation on a single or set of authoritative publications that summarise different fuel cell technologies and their TRL ?

Does anyone know how G to A++++ energy labels are assigned for residential properties in the Netherlands?

for instance I understand that between 0 to 50 kWh/m2/yr. of energy consumption will result in an energy label of A+++. [1] does 0-50 kWh/m2/yr. concern all or only fossil based site consumption? and [2] does this apply to a 40m2 apartment as well as a 1200m2 communal living space? does dwelling size make any difference to calculated energy label?

Despite such great interests in greening our planet to compensate environmental damage of human activities, I have found very little on how we can meaningfully 'measure' the magnitude of carbon sequestrations by trees. Attached is one of the only publications that I could source which outlines how much carbon a year a number of tree varieties arrest and sequestrate as they mature.

Does anyone have any other referenceable sources that outlines carbon sequestration of plants?

I am using an evolutionary-based GA optimisation tool that divides the space of possibilities into subsets to perform hypercube sampling within each subset, and thereafter generates multiple generation of results, the best of which will form the Pareto front and through each iteration move closer to the global optimum. However is it possible that through the process of hypercube sampling (and hence disregarding some options) , this tool might miss a true global optimum?

Both SOFC and PEMFC technologies involve the introduction of heat at various degrees and the process temperature needs to be maintained in order to achieve best possible overall efficiencies.

Is there any recent literature on how much 'waste heat' can be removed from any of the above to be utilised elsewhere and how this might impact hydrogen production efficiencies?

Thanks

M

Can anyone recommend a 'robust reference' that covers the percentage of electrical input into computers that does useful work (operating fans/pushing electrons around, computational duties) and what is then the percentage that is transformed into low grade heat?

Thanks

M

Is there any relationship between the tendency of a gas to leak from containers/pipework and its molar weight?

For instance, given smaller molar mass of hydrogen (2.016 g/mol) compared to 16 g/mol for Natural Gas, is it correct to conclude that Hydrogen would exhibit a greater leakage risk when replacing natural gas in utility pipelines when transmitted under the same working pressures?

Can anyone offer sources that offer error (or uncertainty) bands to be applied to the annual energy production (AEP) of wind turbines that are calculated from mean annual wind speeds?

AEPs are reported to carry considerable errors with up to 15% uncertainty on power curve determination and up to 20% on wind resources [1], so if anyone has a source on how to treat the compound uncertainty please can you advise?

[1] Frandsen, S. et. al. Accuracy of Estimation of Energy Production from Wind Power Plants.

Can anyone please suggest any literature that reports on H2 production efficiencies? For instance photosynthesis delivers H2 at very modest efficiencies of around 1.5% and conversion values of up to 75% are reported for SO Fuel Cells. I would love to hear thoughts on the processes that deliver the highest primary fuel to hydrogen conversion efficiency.

I would appreciate suggestions on any methods to generate electricity from a constant thermal source at around 70 ° C.

Sharing publications would be great if it covers established (or developing) technologies that utilises advanced working fluids in a heat engine to deliver electrical power.

I wondered if colleagues with practical experience of GSHP technologies can offer thoughts on where the most novel areas for innovation for GSHPs might lie?

Would it be the development and characterisation of new, zero GWP refrigerants, control and optimisation of fluid flow, compressor technology, hybridisation with say PV-Ts?

I would love to hear from people with hands-on experience.

Thanks

Can anybody please direct me to an authoritative source that reports the energy density of natural gas both in gaseous and liquid forms?

I have the following 'ranges' that describe the full breadth of uncertainty range from a number of interdependent parameter inputs in building energy simulation. There is no single formula that describes the relationship between these variables. These variables however interact via a complex number of schedules, fundamental equations and coding modules.

Is there any publication that can advice on how to combine these uncertainties to arrive at a single overall value? If I use ordinary compound error formula (or uncertainty propagation formula), I lose the negative ranges that are just as important to me and I end up with positive values only (which isn't what i want and perceive to be a reflection of the overall uncertainty).

Weather : -4% to 6.1%

Occupant: 4 to 26%

Mechanical systems: -15.3% to 70.3%

Controls: -28.7% to 79.2%

Overall uncertainty ???

We are working on a large number of building-related time series data sets that display various degrees of 'randomness'. When plotted, some display recognisable diurnal or seasonal patterns that can be correlated to building operational regimes or the weather (i.e. heating energy consumption with distinct signatures as hourly and seasonal intervals). However some appear to be completely random (Lift data that contains a lot of random noise).

Does anyone know if an established method exists that can be deployed on these data sets and provide some 'quantification' or 'ranking' of how much stochasticity exists in each data set?