Mohammad Sultan Khuroo

Dr Khuroo's Medical Clinic · Digestive Diseases Centre

500 patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease due to Ascaris lumbricoides infection were studied. 274 patients had duodenal ascariasis, 171 biliary ascariasis, 40 hepatic ascariasis, 8 gall bladder ascariasis, and 7 pancreatic ascariasis. Five clinical presentations were recognised: acute cholecystitis (64 patients), acute cholangitis (121...

A common source waterborne epidemic of viral hepatitis was studied in Kashmir valley over the six month period from November 1978 to April 1979. Highly sensitive serologic tests for hepatitis B and hepatitis A failed to reveal either one as an etiologic agent of hepatitis. Of 16620 inhabitants of the area screened four times in these six months, vi...

The role of medical treatment for patients with bleeding peptic ulcers is uncertain. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 220 patients with duodenal, gastric, or stomal ulcers and signs of recent bleeding, as confirmed by endoscopy. In 26 patients the ulcers showed arterial spurting, in 34 there was active oozing, in 35 there we...

In recent years percutaneous drainage has been used successfully to treat the hepatic hydatid cysts of echinococcal disease. We performed a controlled trial to compare the safety and efficacy of percutaneous drainage with those of surgical cystectomy, the traditional treatment. In a prospective study, we randomly assigned 50 patients with hepatic h...

A prospective study on 110 patients with echinococcosis at Dr. Khuroo’s Medical Clinic, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, from March 2019 to April 2024 identified 12 cases (4 males, 8 females; mean age of 46.58 ± 11.97 years) of Alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Two patients were detected through ultrasound examinations carried out for unrelated causes; one pr...

The story of the discovery of hepatitis E originated in the late 1970s with my extreme belief that there was a hidden saga in the relationship between jaundice and pregnancy in developing countries and the opportunity for a massive epidemic of viral hepatitis, which hit the Gulmarg Kashmir region in November 1978. Based on data collected from a doo...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.011.].

The adverse relationship between viral hepatitis and pregnancy in developing countries had been interpreted as a reflection of retrospectively biased hospital-based data collection by the West. However, the discovery of hepatitis E virus (HEV) as the etiological agent of an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis in Kashmir, and the documenting of the i...

The adverse relationship between viral hepatitis and pregnancy in developing countries was seen as a reflection of retrospective biased hospital-based data collection by the West. However, the discovery of HEV from an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis in Kashmir and documenting increased incidence and severity of hepatitis E in pregnancy from a ho...

Over decades, surgery has been the only accepted mode of treatment for liver hydatid cysts. It had been a surgical dogma for a long that hydatid disease is an absolute contraindication for needle puncture/aspiration as it can cause anaphylaxis, death, and dissemination. We envisaged prospectively perform percutaneous drainage as a primary form of t...

The coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has turned in to a global catastrophe and there is an intense search for effective drug therapy. Of all the potential therapies, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been the focus of tremendous public attention. Both drugs have been used in the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria and long-term use of hydrox...

The COVID-19 has turned in to a global human tragedy and economic devastation. Governments have implemented lockdown measures, blocked international travel, and enforced other public containment measures to mitigate the virus morbidity and mortality. As of today, no drug has the power to fight the infection and bring normalcy to the utter chaos. Th...

FULL PAPER LINK https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973688320300529 Acute liver failure (ALF) is not an uncommon complication of a common disease such as acute hepatitis. Viral hepatitis followed by anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity are the commonest causes of ALF in India. Clinically such patients present with appeara...

Acute liver failure (ALF) is an infrequent, unpredictable, potentially fatal complication of acute liver injury (ALI) consequent to varied etiologies. Etiologies of ALF as reported in the literature has regional differences, which affects the clinical presentation and natural course. In this part of the consensus paper designed to reflect the clini...

The coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has turned in to a global catastrophe and there is an intense search for effective drug therapy. Of all the potential therapies, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been the focus of tremendous public attention. Both drugs have been used in the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria and long-term use of hydrox...

Discovery of five hepatitis viruses A to E has followed distinctive definable phases. Human experiments at Willowbrook identified two forms of hepatitis namely infectious hepatitis and serum hepatitis. The discovery of Australia antigen in 1965 led to rapid scientific developments in viral hepatitis. SH antigen was detected in sera of patients with...

Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by hepatitis A virus. Hepatitis A has a global distribution with endemicity inversely proportional to higher socioeconomic conditions and standards of sanitation and hygiene. Hepatitis A virus infection is predominantly spread directly from one person to another through orofecal transmission...

Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a systemic infection, caused by a group of viruses, which have special affliction and primary site of replication in the liver [1]. As of today, five unelated hepatotropic pathogens have been identified to cause AVH. These include the hepatitis A virus (HAV), the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the hepatitis C virus (HCV), t...

Research in biomedical sciences is a challenging field. Basic purpose of any research project should be to explore the unknown, develop new tools to diagnose and treat, establish new treatments protocols in medical practice and control and prevent diseases by vaccines etc. Duplication of data is common in biomedical research all over World which wa...

Portal biliopathy refers to cholangiographic abnormalities which occur in patients with portal cavernoma. These changes occur as a result of pressure on bile ducts from bridging tortuous paracholedochal, epicholedochal and cholecystic veins. Bile duct ischemia may occur due prolonged venous pressure effect or result from insufficient blood supply....

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an RNA virus of the Hepeviridae family, has marked heterogeneity. While all five HEV genotypes can cause human infections, genotypes HEV-1 and -2 infect humans alone, genotypes HEV-3 and -4 primarily infect pigs, boars and deer, and genotype HEV-7 primarily infects dromedaries. The global distribution of HEV has distinct ep...

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis (HPA) was described as a clinical entity from Kashmir, India in 1985. HPA is caused by invasion and migration of nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides , in to the biliary tract and pancreatic duct. Patients present with biliary colic, cholangitis, cholecystitis, hepatic abscesses and acute pancreatitis. Ascarides tr...

Abstract Hepatitis E was identified as an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis from Kashmir, India in 1978. Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the etiological agent is the sole member of family Hepeviridae. The virus has marked heterogeneity and infects many animals like bats, camel, chicken, deer, boar, mongoose, pigs, rats, rabbit and cutthroat trout. Hepati...

This is a PowerPoint presentation of a invited lecture delivered to UGC-Sponsored State Level Workshop-2016 under CPE Scheme on ”Analytical Laboratory Techniques: Applications and Future Prospects” convened by the Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Hawal, Srinagar, Kashmir, J&K, India.

Laboratory tests are essential in disease evaluation, follow up and treatment; however, reproducibility of results is a major concern amongst patients. Times have changed. There were days when we visited Hakeem-Sahib who on first look told about illness/suffering and prescribed a detailed advice on food and ordered a decoction of an herb for a drin...

This account of “My Journey back to Kashmir” has been written with a purpose. Before defining that I want to make few comments. In this article any reference to a system, department or individual should be taken only coincidental and not with any feelings of disrespect or hate or ill will. I have no ill feelings or disrespect to any system or more...

Gender composition (female-to-male ratio) of J&K population in the recently released national census report-2011 has sent shock waves. While the sex ratio at the national level has risen by from 933 females per 1000 males in 2001 to 940 females per 1000 males in 2011 (a rise of seven points); the corresponding sex ratio in J&K has dropped from 892...

SUMMARY. Hepatitis E is a systemic disease affecting the liver predominantly and caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). HEV has marked genetic heterogeneity and is known to infect several animal species including pigs, boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit, camel, chicken, rats, ferret, bats and cutthroat trout. HEV is the sole member of the...

Point-of-care tests provide a plausible diagnostic strategy for hepatitis C infection in economically impoverished areas. However, their utility depends upon the overall performance of individual tests. A literature search was conducted using the metasearch engine Mettā, a query interface for retrieving articles from five leading medical databases....

Aims: The role of biliary ascariasis in etiology of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in endemic areas has not been well studied. Methods: We studied 30 patients of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis with brown pigment stones and 30 patients with cholesterol gallstones. Stones from 22 patients (11 brown pigment stones and 11 gallstones) were examined by i...

Sanitation means safe collection, storage, treatment and disposal/re-use/recycling of human excreta (feces and urine), solid wastes (trash or rubbish), household wastewater (sullage), storm water, sewage effluents, industrial waste products and hazardous wastes (hospital waste, chemical or radioactive and other dangerous substances). The term “impr...

Does hand washing qualify as one of the prime slogans in national healthcare agenda in india? CLEAN COUNTRY PROF. MOHAMMAD SULTAN KHUROO khuroo@yahoo.com For many years the Indian pubic was made to believe that healthcare in India means expansion, availability of state-of-the-art equipment, and pumping-in of more funds. Even prior to last national...

Background/objective Rapid point-of-care tests provide plausible diagnostic strategy for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in low resource areas. However, their utility depends upon their overall performance. Our objective was to meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of rapid point-of-care tests for HBsAg. Methods Literature search was done with...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid point-of-care tests for Hepatitis C. For this we proposed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies which evaluated accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and point-of-care tests (POCTs) for Hepatitis C.

Since ages, acid in the stomach has wrecked Kashmir society. There is hardly any one amongst us who has not experienced acidity in his lifetime, many have paid heavily and a number have lost their lives due to excess acid in our bellies. Kashmir had the distinction of highest incidence of peptic ulcer disease and one in six develop ulcer either in...

Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and the most significant manifestation of Islamic faith and unity. Undertaking Hajj at least once in lifetime is a duty for every Muslim who is physically and financially able to make the journey to Mecca. This year as ever around 3 million Muslims from around the globe shall perform this Holy pilgrimage to Mecca....

The ongoing intensive catastrophic spread of Hepatitis c ALARM PROF. M. S. KHUROO When North Kashmir (Sopore) was hit by a water-borne (Ningli Nallah) epidemic of jaundice in 1978-79, affecting 57,000 cases with over 2000 deaths in a span of 7 weeks, little did we know that this human tragedy shall lead to recognition of a new disease (Hepatitis E)...

The ongoing intensive catastrophic spread of Hepatitis c ALARM PROF. M. S. KHUROO When North Kashmir (Sopore) was hit by a water-borne (Ningli Nallah) epidemic of jaundice in 1978-79, affecting 57,000 cases with over 2000 deaths in a span of 7 weeks, little did we know that this human tragedy shall lead to recognition of a new disease (Hepatitis E)...

Liver Support Devices for Acute Liver Failure: Present Status Prof. M. S. Khuroo, MBBS, MD, DM, FRCP, FACP, MACP Director Digestive Diseases Centre Dr Khuroo’s Medical Clinic Srinagar Slide 1. At the outset I wish to thank organizers of this “Mid Term INASL meeting 2012” on “Medical Emergencies in Hepato-Biliary Diseases” and Dr. Anil Arora i...

Liver disease is now established as the fifth most common cause of death after heart disease, stroke, chest infections and cancer. Disturbing is the data that unlike other major causes of mortality, liver disease is increasing over the years rather than declining. For medical fraternity worldwide, there have never been more challenges thrown by liv...

in medicine can has many facets and includes making inventions & discoveries, conducting randomized clinical trials, doing case-studies and wasting time in duplicating other's-done studies. However, the most difficult studies are those done to break the age-old established dogmas, false beliefs and wrong practices in clinical medicine. For ages sur...

E has completed 30 years of its discovery. Over the years, hepatitis E has evolved over a complex and global disease. Many aspects of its epidemiology and clinical features are ill understood. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small, non-enveloped, single stranded RNA virus and is the sole member of the genus Hepevirus, in the family of Hepeviridae. Two...

Out of many global explosions in the recent past, the bloom of cell phone industry has superseded all. Today there are a whopping 5.3 billion mobile subscribers worldwide which constitutes 77 percent of the world population. India had 890.2 million mobile phone subscribers at the end of Aug 2011, and is expected to have the world's largest subscrib...

Medical tours have given me opportunity to explore some of the most spectacular places on this earth. Exploring "Land-of-Midnight-Sun" was one such fascinating experience. In 1982, I set myself for three-country European medical-tour, namely: London (Liver-unit, King's College Hospital), Denmark (explore innovations in endoscopic accessories in Coo...

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of gastrointestinal tract is a rare disorder, often associated with immunodeficiency syndromes. There are no published reports of its association with Helicobacter pylori infection. From March 2005 till February 2010, we prospectively followed all patients with diffuse duodenal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (DDNLH). Pati...

International symposium on Hepatitis E, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea, September 15-16, 2010. Session 1V. Surveillance-estimating the disease burden in special at-risk populations. Presentations: HEV infection among pregnant women in hyper-endemic region-Kashmir. Presenter: Prof. M. S. Khuroo, MD, DM, FRCP (Edin.), FACP, MACP...

The American Journal of Gastroenterology is published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) on behalf of the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). Ranked the #1 clinical journal covering gastroenterology and hepatology*, The American Journal of Gastroenterology (AJG) provides practical and professional support for clinicians dealing with the gastr...

Large-scale waterborne epidemics of hepatitis E occur in developing countries. It is not known why these epidemics occur repeatedly and selectively in adult population? We studied seroepidemiology of an outbreak of hepatitis E in one of 15 villages that had recorded first epidemic of hepatitis E 30 years back. Another village not affected by the se...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12072-009-9159-5.].

There are limited data on response and long-term follow-up of octreotide therapy in type-I gastric neuroendocrine tumors. The objective of the present study was to assess the response of type-I gastric neuroendocrine tumors to octreotide-long acting, repeatable (LAR) therapy and evaluate long-term follow up of such patients after therapy. Three pat...

Context: Tropical calcific pancreatitis is unique to developing countries with of unknown origin. Objective: We evaluated the pattern of pancreaticobiliary ductal union in patients with tropical calcific pancreatitis. Patients: Twenty-one patients with tropical calcific pancreatitis were compared to 174 control subjects with no pancreaticobili...

Ascariasis is endemic in India and many developing countries; however, impact of this ubiquitous parasite on human health had never been quantified. In fact, this human infection had been identified as benign without any major potential for disease. Over the years (1982-1995), my colleagues and I got interested in public health importance of this h...

Discovery of Hepatitis E Virus. -the old wine in the new bottle Viral hepatitis is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality, both from acute and the chronic sequelae. It is a global health problem and breaks all known human barriers in causing disease and suffering. Globally over 850 million are chronic carriers of hepatitis B and C and acco...

My interest in peptic ulcer disease dates back to 1969 to 1971 when I was training for my MD degree in the Department of Medicine Srinagar, Kashmir, India. During this period a number of articles were published from Bombay, India about parietal cell mass of Indians. The results of these studies had shown that parietal cell mass of Indian population...

There are few published reports of Trichuris dysentery syndrome (TDS) in children. The disease has not been reported in adults. To report the clinical, colonoscopic, and histologic findings of TDS in adults in an endemic area. Case series. Tertiary gastroenterology center. Eighty-four consecutive adult patients with chronic iron deficiency anemia o...

Kashmir is world-renowned for her enchanting beauty. Her tall mountains, lush-green meadows, wide lakes and fast-moving waterways bewitch any foreign beholder. However, there is more than what meets the eye. Kashmir is also well-known for holding one of the heaviest worm infections in its residents. It is so striking that many of us as doctors beli...

Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a self-limiting acute hepatitis. However, prolonged viremia and chronic hepatitis has been reported in organ transplant recipients. Vertically transmitted HEV infection is known to cause acute hepatitis in newborn babies. The clinical course and duration of viremia in vertically transmitted HEV infe...

Preduodenal portal vein (PDPV) may occur as an isolated event and result in no symptoms, or it may found at autopsy as an incidental finding; associated preduodenal common bile duct (PDCBD) is an extremely rare event. To the 8 reported cases of PDPV with PDCBD, we add this rare case. Such a discovery is often incidental and of little import; howeve...

From the Editors desk..... “Life Time Achievements Dr. Khuroo” is a collection of events of life of Prof. Mohammad Sultan Khuroo, compiled in the form of a book. During our efforts to collect these events and their references, it was hard to comprehend how one person could have achieved so much in his career. However we have watched his untiring ef...

Index Introduction Etiology Viral hepatitis Acetaminophen Drug reactions Clinical features Encephalopathy Cerebral edema Coagulopathy Infections Metabolic changes Hemodynamic changes Diagnosis Management Intensive care Specific therapy Liver transplantation Prognostic indicators Future developments Artificial and Bioartificial support systems Hepat...

Hepatitis E is an emerging infectious disease. This review will focus on recent advances in the zoonotic transmission, global distribution and control of hepatitis E. Hepatitis E virus infection is known to cause waterborne epidemics and sporadic infections in developing countries. Recently, there have been several reports on zoonotic foodborne aut...

Peptic ulcer disease in India had been a matter of debate for long. Earlier epidemiological data on peptic ulcer in India had dealt with hospital admission rates, barium meal examinations, mortality rates or autopsy surveys. Few studies had dealt with selected population groups like railways workers. Such data collection had inherent problems of va...

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only chance of cure for many patients with unresectable but non-metastatic, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and advanced liver cirrhosis. The main shortcoming of this strategy is the increased risk of tumor recurrence after liver transplantation because of either poor selection criteria or the fact that...

Background: Hepatitis E virus infection is vertically transmitted from mother to the fetus, often leading to severe fetal and neonatal disease. The relationship between severity of disease in the mother and fetus is not known. We studied clinical and biochemical characteristics of 36 consecutive pregnant women with acute HEV infection. Babies borne...

The long-term outcome of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) is not well studied. To address this, the records of 47 consecutive patients with BCS evaluated in one center from January 1989 to April 2004, were analyzed. Seven patients with liver tumors were excluded from analyses. Eleven patients had...

Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System for Acute Liver Failure Prof. M. S. Khuroo, MBBS, MD, DM, FRCP, FACP, MACP Director Digestive Diseases Centre Khyber Medical Institute Nowpora Srinagar At the outset I wish to thank organizers of CPLD 2005 especially prof. Chawla and his colleagues for inviting me to PGI chandigarh and be on the faculty of...

The biliary tract has been referred to as the "Achilles heel" of liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to document the frequency, clinical presentation and management of biliary complications after liver transplantation in the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The liver transplant clinic...

The treatment effects of primary prophylactic endoscopic variceal ligation are unclear. To compare the treatment effects of endoscopic variceal ligation and beta-blockers for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding. In addition, a subgroup analysis was done with the purpose to delineate differences in the effects of intervention that w...

Infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly the HPV types 16 and 18 and mutation or aberrant expression of the p53 tumour suppressor gene, has strongly been implicated in human esophageal carcinoma, which shows a great variation in geographic distribution. Neither the reason(s) for such a variation nor the etiopathogenesis of...

Medical therapy is an attractive adjuvant to endoscopic treatment in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding. This review aims to assess the treatment effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in acute non-variceal UGI bleeding. Outcome measures evaluated were further bleeding, surgery, all-cause deaths, ulcer deaths and non-ulcer deaths. We sea...

the commonest cause of portal hypertension was extrahepatic portal hypertension. This was contrast to data from rest of the country where non-cirrhotic portal hypertension was the leading cause of portal hypertension. Interestingly this entity of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension so well known to physicians working in North India was non-existent i...

Medical therapy is an attractive adjuvant to endoscopic treatment in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding. This review aims to assess the treatment effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in acute non-variceal UGI bleeding. Outcome measures evaluated were further bleeding, surgery. all-cause deaths. ulcer deaths and non-ulcer deaths. We sea...

Comparing the efficacy of peginterferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin with interferon alpha -2b plus ribavirin in Saudi patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) commonly infected with genotype 4. A total of 96 patients with chronic HCV infection were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Forty-eight patients received once weekly 100 microg of p...

Although the involvement of mucous membranes in Darier's disease is relatively uncommon, Darier's disease has been associated with mucosal lesions, especially in the oral mucosa. In the English literature there is only one report describing the involvement of esophageal mucous membranes in a patient with Darier's disease. Herein, we report the seco...

Guidelines for treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 4 are not available. To perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing peginterferon plus ribavirin with interferon plus ribavirin treatment in treatment-naive patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4. The outcome measure was sustaine...

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is an important option for patients with liver failure to give them additional time for recovery or to serve as a "bridge" to transplantation. However, its effect on survival for such patients is not well known. Our aim was to assess the treatment effects of MARS on patients with acute and acute-on-ch...

To address the issue of whether or not hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted parenterally. We conducted a retrospective study which involved 145 multiple transfused patients and 250 healthy controls. A prospective study was also undertaken involving 50 hospitalized patients, 25 of whom were transfused with 107 blood units, while the other 25 did n...