Mohammad Jafari

Islamic Azad University, Tehran | IAU · Department of Environmental Science

Phytostabilization emerges as an efficient and enduring remediation technique for heavy metal-contaminated mine soils using plants acclimatized to such circumstances. In this research, the synergistic effects of Marrubium cuneatum, Verbascum speciosum, and Stipa arabica species, alongside municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) amendment at 0, 1, 3, a...

Shrub-lands composed of patches (PATs) and inter-patch open spaces (IPOSs) and a detailed study of their spatial carbon stock (CS) provides comprehensive information for the correct calculation of global C. Here, CS was studied in pure shrub-lands, including Artemisia sieberi, Scariola orientalis and Astragalus gossypinus types in central arid land...

Background and Objective: The toxicity of heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues in the current century. This research aimed to investigate the effect of municipal solid waste compost on the absorption of nutrients and lead and zinc metals in M. cuneatum and V. speciosum plants. Materials and Methods: In a greenhouse experim...

The allelopathic impact of Eucalyptus spp is a pivotal factor in plant-plant interactions, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. The consideration of sowing depth in plant species becomes increasingly significant when examining allelopathic effects. This study aimed to assess the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf powder...

This study aims to evaluate the enhancement of phytoextraction of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) by species Marrubium cuneatum , Stipa arabica , and Verbascum speciosum , through EDTA amendment. Assisted phytoextraction pot experiments were performed at different EDTA dosages (0, 1, 3, and 5 mmol kg ⁻¹ soil). The DTPA-extractable metal content incre...

The current study aims to evaluate the health risk of heavy metals for humans and animals in the Angouran mining complex (northwest of Iran). Twenty-five plant species and their corresponding soils (natural soils) were collected along with mine tailings samples. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co) fo...

This study aims to evaluate the enhancement of phytoextraction of heavy metals Pb, Cd and Zn by species M. cuneatum, S. arabica and V. speciosum , through EDTA amendment. Assisted phytoextraction pot experiments were performed at different EDTA dosages (0, 1, 3 and 5 mmol kg ⁻¹ soil). Generally, applying EDTA decreased pH and increased EC, while no...

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective, environmentally-friendly and emerging remediation technology that treats polluted areas using plants, having the potential to restore ecosystems and make compromised areas useable again, therefore returning a resource to community use. In the present work a study was conducted on the contamination of soil by he...

Management measures in watershed projects include measures to reduce soil erosion and water loss in watershed areas of the country. It can also be used to reduce flood damage, earthquakes, water shortages, and more.

Vegetation is an essential component in various landscapes and may significantly contribute to slope stabilization and soil erosion control. The impacts of vegetation on processes such as water erosion, wind erosion and soil mass movement, and soil characteristics are relatively well recognized, as discussed in the preceding chapters. However, the...

Soil is one of the main elements of life for living organisms on the planet, and is undoubtedly the most important source of food production for humans on a global scale, despite the introduction of new methods. Plant production is one of the first known functions of soil.

“Agroforestry is a form of land use that allows for the preservation, importation, or incorporation of woody perennials or other perennial woody vegetation into a plant or livestock system.” In other words, the activity is based on the use of a given land in a shared (spatial mixing) or rotational (time alternation) manners. The first, this activit...

Like water flows, wind, of course in a smaller scale, changes the shape of the earth’s surface. It is especially severe in arid and desert regions where rapid changes in air temperature result in the formation of strong, permanent winds. The deformation of the earth’s surface is carried out by wind during three stages of erosion, transport, and dep...

The use of vegetation (dead or alive) in controlling the surface or mass erosion of slopes has been common since ancient times and has often been based on past experiences or experimental methods. The revival of this element in a more scientific and technical way and its development practically began in the 1930s in the German-speaking countries of...

Rivers have always been considered as the main part of the human communities since past, so that they not only play a role in the overall appearance of Earth, but also determine the form of the human life on Earth. So that the formation of great ancient civilizations along the rivers is one of them. The rivers under natural factors or the human int...

1. Introduction Precipitation deficiency, its uneven spatio-temporal distribution, groundwater decline, and water loss in traditional irrigation systems, make it necessary to introduce appropriate solutions to improve the soils in arid areas. Meanwhile, the optimal use of rainfall, should be a priority in water-scarce areas. Achieving these objecti...

The objective of this research was to evaluate various non-petroleum mulches, including resin, mineral, polymer, and biopolymer, on soil properties, plant growth promotion, and sand dune fixation. A field experiment was conducted in the Aran va Bidgol Desert, Central Iran. Three Barchanoid dunes were selected for each mulch treatment and three as t...

An understanding of the relationship between climatic or meteorological data and dust deposition is of great utility for aeolian dust studies. Since dust sampling is a time-consuming and costly, and on the other side, climatic data are easily available from meteorological stations worldwide, such relationships allow climatic data to be converted in...

The phenomenon of climate change is the biggest environmental challenge in the world. Climate is a determinant factor in species distribution, and climate change will affect the species’ abilities to occupy geographic regions. In this study which was conducted in May of 2019, spatio-temporal changes in potential habitats of Gymnocarpus decander wer...

Contaminations of soil and water resources with various organic and inorganic compounds are of great importance on account of the close relationship between the living organisms and their feeding. That is due to direct impact in supplying food for living organisms in terms of environmental and human health aspects. In this regard, the present study...

Abstract Compost and biochar have strong adsorption capacities for various metallic pollutants present in the soil. The current study aimed to investigate the potential of two shrub species treated with compost and biochar for the phytoremediation of heavy metals lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni). The experiment was carried out in a factorial trial arrange...

Land salinization is one of the most important factors in reducing the soil quality of agricultural land. Accordingly, these regions affected agricultural production and ecological development. Therefore, it is important to assess soil salinity driving factors. However, it is difficult to characterize soil salinity using single-factor and linear mo...

Mulching is fastest strategy to control sand dune movement in arid and semiarid areas. In the present study the effect of micro silica- cement mixture was evaluated as mulch. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement and a completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Three studied factors included 6 micro silica...

Background and Objective: Today, soil and water pollution with heavy metals is one of the major challenges around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the contamination of soils around a lead and zinc mine. Materials and Methods: In the summer of 2019, 100 soil samples were taken from the mine vicinity and the characteristics of textu...

Monitoring the status of natural and ecological resources is necessary for conservation and protection. Soil is one of the most important environmental resources in agricultural lands and natural resources. In this research study, we used Landsat 8 and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to monitor soil salinity in Qom plain. The geographical location...

Background and Objectives: Heavy metals are one of the most serious environmental problems that are spreading around the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soils by sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) under two natural remedies including municipal waste compost and biochar (each at three lev...

Microrelief (MR) and water-table (WT) severely influence plant communities formation and development in silty loam saline soils of coastal areas. This research aimed to investigate the effect of MR and WT fluctuations on the dynamics of vegetation in coastal silty loam saline soils of southern Iran. Soil characteristics, vegetation structure and co...

Grasslands are subject to degradation in arid and semi-arid areas as the result of various pressures, including climate change. Therefore, spatial and temporal monitoring of vegetation cover fluctuation is needed for better understanding and management of natural resources to sustain livelihoods that depend on these grasslands. In this study, chang...

Grasslands are subject to degradation in arid and semi-arid areas as the result of various pressures, including climate change. Therefore, spatial and temporal monitoring of vegetation cover fluctuation is needed for better understanding and management of natural resources to sustain livelihoods that depend on these grasslands. In this study, chang...

In recent years, indirect methods have been used to estimate soil salinity in agricultural lands. In this research, the electrical conductivity of 93 soil samples from 0 to 30 cm and 0 to 100 cm was measured using the hypercube technique at Sharifabad-Saveh Plain, Iran. Land area parameters such as TWI, TCI, STP, DEM, and LS were used as topographi...

In recent decades, wind erosion is increasing across the world as a result of climate change and drought. Therefore, in this study we aim to make mulch with new formulation in order to control wind and water erosion. The materials have been chosen based on their efficiency, availability, and cheapness. Also, cement, gypsum, lime, and blackstrap mix...

Wind erosion could be regarded as one of the most important phenomena especially in arid lands in the globe, which destroys vast areas with its rapid growth. Due to global droughts and climate change, vegetation is weakened and soil particles are more easily exposed to wind erosion. Today, various methods have been developed to control wind erosion...

Lake Urmia has experienced severe environmental degradation, mainly characterized by the enormous reduction of its surface area and water level. This issue has been mainly attributed to land-use and land-cover changes, in particular related to agricultural expansion and intensification. In this study, we used the DPSIR framework (D: driving forces,...

Cyanobacteria play an important role in increasing soil fertility as one of the biological soil crust in rangelands. They have a significant effect on improving soil fertility because of nitrogen and carbon fixation. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of cyanobacteria as one of the soil biomasses and finally to determine the best...

Cyanobacteria are a biological soil crust that play an important role in the growth of rangeland plants. These microorganisms play a role in stimulating growth in germination of seeds and have a significant impact on the growth of rangeland plants. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of cyanobacteria as one of the soil crust on th...

One of the new methods in the removal of impurities from the wheat grains is the electrostatic separation of particles based on the differences in their conductivity and permittivity. The moisture content of particles directly influences their electrical properties. In this study, by developing a cylindrical capacitor in an electrical circuit, the...

One of the most important issues in the arid regions of the world is the displacement of sand dunes, which has become an important crisis in recent years, which cause haze in various parts of the world. One of the strategies for controlling the displacement of sand dunes and preventing the appearance of haze is mulching. Given the rise in global oi...

Different methods such as mechanical, pneumatic, and electrical techniques have been used in the separation process of impurities from agricultural products. In electrical systems, three methods, that is, triboelectrostatic, free fall, and roll type with high‐voltage corona discharge electrodes, are usually used. In the present study, separation tr...

The level of groundwater can also be used in monitoring desertification and land degradation. In this study, three models, namely: partial least square regression, artificial neural networks (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, were used to monitor and predict the level of groundwater and the land degradation index via the Iranian Mode...

Wind erosion is considered as one of the most influential factors in the destruction of land in arid and deserted areas. There is a weak ecosystem in arid lands which wind erosion can move soil particles. Mulch is a compound that is used nowadays to control wind erosion. This study aims to create organic mulch in order to prevent wind erosion and e...

Due to vast desert area in Iran, wind regime studies are important for the railway safe design as well as aeolian sediment transport. In this study wind regime and sand drift potential (DP) were calculated with Fryberger method in nine meteorological stations located near to the Qom – Tehran railway (178 km). For this reason, hourly wind speed and...

Depending on the physical environmental conditions, cultivation process can have significant effects on the wild plants' morphophysiological characteristics. Stachys multicaulis is an Iranian wild endemic medicinal plant species and its cultivation preformed under different Soil Textures (ST) and Soil Moisture Regimes (SMRs). Controlled pot culture...

ackground and Objectives:Wind erosion and sand dune movement as one of the most important reasons for desertification and land degradation in arid and semiarid areas, incorporates significantly in soil and natural resources damages, air pollution, health threat and socio-economic disturbances.Stabilization of sand dunes is therefore very important....

The main aim of this study is to identify total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and nickel contents in soil as well as to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of native petroleum-resistant plants of Pazanan-E-Gachsaran (Iran). Firstly, soil samples were taken from depth of 0–30 cm in three ranges (0–500, 500–1000, and 1000–1500 m) from the center...

Mulching is known as one of the fastest strategies to control wind erosion and sand dunes movement. We hypothesized that mixed micro silica with clay, gypsum and clay-gypsum as mulches will increase shear strength, threshold friction velocity and decrease soil losses of drifting sands. For this purpose, mixture of micro silica rates (0, 1, 5, 10, 1...

Effects of the super absorbent polymer (SAP) were tested on both the soil attributes and growth properties of Seidlitzia rosmarinus in the arid Emrani region of Iran in a reclamation study. A SAP concentration gradient (SAP 0 = SAP 0 g dm⁻³, SAP 1 = SAP 1 g dm⁻³, and SAP 3 = SAP 3 g dm⁻³ of soil) was coupled with 30- and 60-day irrigation intervals...

In evaluating of affecting the kind of Prangos uloptra on components of soil particulate organic matters and spreading of aggregates, mountain range lands were selected as Khangah- Sorkh of Urmia. Soil samples from 0-15 cm and 15-3 0 cm depth was analyzed. So, two adjacent places with Prangos Uloptra stands dominance were detected and in each place...

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rosemary powder in diet on blood metabolite and performance of broiler chickens. 180 one day broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomize design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates and 15 bird in each. Experimental treatments were included: Control (without additive), 0.05, 0.1...

Carbon storage (CS) and consequently carbon sequestration by plants is the most natural and least expensive method for atmospheric CO2 mitigation. Areas with high CS potential should be identified, maintained and subject to investment. CS depends strongly on status of vegetation and soil surface cover characteristics. Therefore, the objectives of t...

Aims: The contamination of soils and groundwater by toxic, hazardous organic pollutants is a widespread environmental problem. The use of vegetation for the treatment of contaminated soils is an attractive and cost-effective alternative, especially for petroleum-contaminated soils. Materials and Methods: Three species including Calotropis procera...

The Kushk Pb–Zn mine is located in Central Iran and it has been in operation for the last 75 years. To investigate the role of wind dispersion of heavy metal pollutants from the mine area, dust samples were collected during 1 year and topsoil samples were collected around the mine. Results showed that the topsoil is polluted with Pb and Zn to about...

The main aim of this study is to investigate the physical and chemical properties, including soil salinity, acidity, concentrations of macro-nutrients (phosphorus, potassium, and Calcium-Magnesium) and sodium adsorption ratio to the soil, physiological and nutritional traits of three plant species including Caesalpinia gilliesii, Robinia pseudoacac...

Using Superabsorbent is one of the solutions to water shortages in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to evaluate the effect of zeolite and geohumus on the growth of Nitraria schoberi L. species, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted with nine replications in Kashan city. The treatments consisted of various zeolit...

Haloxylon is one of the resistant plants in desert areas, which has always been considered by researchers and practitioners since controlling sandy soils as one of the solutions to erosion and sand fixation by biological methods. In this study was conducted in forest plantations Eshtehard, Bases of Haloxylon that wilting and drying effects are visi...

The objective of this research is to study the effects of refinery effluent of Alborz Industrial City (Iran) on the soil and plant growth including Robinia pseudoacacia, Cercis siliquastrum, and Caesalpinia gilliesii. Firstly, samples were taken from soils irrigated with wastewater. The results of initial soil test revealed that the concentrations...

Although arid regions have few plant products, they do have other potential for production which if properly exploited, could contribute to reviving these regions and combating desertification.

Saline and alkaline soils are usually observed in arid and semi-arid regions as well as in areas with poor drainage.

Nowadays soil and water are not considered as endless and abundant blessings. Governments and scientists have realized the importance of maximum use of resources together with minimum losses and wastage. Water resource manSaline oceans make up 97% of the Earth’s water. Two-thirds of the remaining 3% has accumulated in the form of ice masses at the...

An ecosystem is simply defined as organisms and their environment. The term “ecosystem” implies an integral link between organisms and their non-living environment with interactions that mean they cannot live outside the specific environment.

The problem of desertification resulting from development of agricultural lands and wind erosion is a fundamental challenge in arid and semi-arid areas.

This study was conducted to evaluate Pb and Zn uptake, mobility, and accumulation in Stipa hohenackeriana using field soil in pot and field experiments. Moreover, the effects of Municipal Solid Waste Compost (MSWC) (0, 1, and 2%) and Nano-Silica (NS) (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg) on Stipa biomass, Pb and Zn availability in the soil, and Pb and Zn uptak...

Due to the growing population in arid and semi-arid region, limited water resources is increasing. So, the use of unconventional waters is counted as an important tool in the management of water resources of arid areas. In this regard, the use of urban wastewater for irrigation combined with combating desertification projects are cases that need be...

Developing countries are looking for modern technology with the use of supplements to increase the production efficiency by reducing drought stress and water saving. In this study, the effects of Abyar supplement on the shoot and root length, and shoot and root dry weight was measured. The Abyar supplement was performed for Atriplex canesence at th...

This research was performed to investigate the effects of municipal solid waste compost and biochar amendments on the phytoremediation potential of Bromus tomentellus to absorb Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Chromium and Nikle in greenhouse condition. Soil samples were collected from lands around the Alborz industrial town in Qazvin province. A completely ra...

Providing durable mulches with improved resistance using cheap materials in order to stabilize drifting sands is very important. Micro silica is one of these materials which in combination with lime and clay can offer resistant mulches. In the present study, different mixtures of micro silica-lime-clay were used as mulches. In all treatments, the a...