Mohammad Arif Kamal

• Doctor of Philosophy
• King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Facilities for transit are now more than just forgotten about. They have an impact on many sectors and have grown to be a significant link in the development chain throughout time. India has seen urbanisation without infrastructure due to unplanned expansion and urban sprawl, a pattern of low-density, haphazard growth that strains resources, especi...

Khusro Bagh, located in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), India, is a prominent Mughal-era Garden and burial complex that reflects the grandeur and architectural sophistication of the Mughal period. Spanning approximately 40 acres, the site comprises four primary tombs, those of Shah Begum, Nisar Begum, Khusro Mirza, and Bibi Tamolon, interwoven with Pers...

When installing internal pipe work in high-rise apartment buildings or multi-occupancy buildings, acoustic drainage is crucial to ensure that the occupants or tenants are not disturbed by the sound of running water or vibrations from the pipes. Acoustic plumbing aims to combat the issue of internal noise pollution by containing the sound within the...

Bricks are a common building material used for construction due to its strength and longevity. Rapid urbanization and rising cost of building materials has led to the increase demand for brick as filler material in the building industry. Conventional burnt brick puts tremendous pressure on the environment since the burning process results in the pr...

Certain architectural settings have the power to enable deep reflection that goes beyond ordinary preference, and it's critical to understand the design elements that generate such impacts. The development of ecologically valid ways to measure mental states that reflect deep psychological engagement with architectural settings will benefit the fiel...

Significant management challenges have resulted from South Goa's rapid population and tourism boom, with inappropriate disposal raising concerns for the environment and public health. The purpose of this study was to determine whether implementing an Integrated Waste Management (IWM) plan in South Goa, India would be feasible in order to address th...

As we are aware of current demographic conditions, the urban sprawl, and promoting compact city growth, high-density planning towards achieving sustainability. For uplifting the existing status of today's city environment technology has played and played a major role. As cities become 'engines of growth' with their share in the global economy and w...

The Handicrafts Industry in India is facing stiff competition from semi-handcrafted and machine made duplicates from countries like China. The past two decades have seen a rising consciousness in India to protect the traditional crafts from piracy and unauthorized duplication. This has led the Government of India to realize the importance of Intell...

The built environment counts most of the world's primary energy which states approximately 40%, energy is being used for different provisions such as for ventilation, lighting cooling and heating. Renewable energy can be a promising feature for reducing the use of primary energy at large scale with latest efficient techniques. There are various fac...

Cities frequently experience urban heat islands (UHIs), defined as regions where the urban environment is warmer than the rural surroundings. These characteristics are a direct result of urbanization, which eliminates natural vegetation and water sources and replaces them with impermeable surfaces with low albedo. Due to the urban heat island effec...

The primary focus of design practice in society is meeting basic human requirements, such as physical and physiological demands, with little regard for higher-order needs, such as spiritual growth. Modern urban planning focuses primarily on the social components of public space, which are meaningless for users and lead to less socially and environm...

With emerging trend and technology advancement the current state of healthcare design urgent attention and the contemporary Healthcare design elements will be discussed in this paper with an emphasis on the technical aspects and new trends in evidence-based patient entered care healthcare facility design. The primary goal is to bridge the gap betwe...

In recent years, urban areas like Lucknow have faced increasing challenges related to energy consumption and sustainability. As cities grow, the demand for energy rises, necessitating efficient use of resources to mitigate environmental impact and ensure long-term urban livability. Energy efficiency in urban neighborhoods plays a pivotal role in ac...

The purpose of the study is to analyze and optimize the Reinforced Cement Concrete framed structures of low-rise buildings (about 10 m high) for the basic structural design recommendations. The objective of the study is to determine the most economical structural solution for the RCC framed structure, having a similar footprint and built-up area in...

Stone has been a vital building and finishing material used in architectural and interior design for centuries, celebrated for its durability, natural beauty, aesthetic appeal, and versatility. From ancient monuments to modern interiors, stone symbolizes strength and permanence, maintaining its relevance and appeal through the ages. In contemporary...

The residential and commercial sectors account for nearly one-third of the total electricity consumption in India. During the period from 1971 to 2012, the highest increase in electricity consumption was seen in the residential sector with a 9.4% compound annual growth rate, followed by the commercial sector. This has been attributed mainly to the...

Technological progress has introduced many innovations and technologies in the field of building industry. Construction industry is growing at a rapid pace due to the rapid advancing economy and rising standards of living and to meet the requirements of people in India. Due to rapid urbanization, the demand for brick as filler material in buildings...

India is renowned for its diverse traditional building crafts, passed down through generations. These traditional building crafts have a rich heritage and craftsmanship. However, they are encountering challenges due to declining artisan communities, modernization and economic pressures favoring mass-produced materials. Athangudi tiles, a 100-year-o...

Given India's rapidly expanding population, densely populated cities, varied cultural backgrounds, shifting dietary preferences, and changing lifestyles, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has been an ongoing issue in recent years. As a result, towns have been dealing with a wide range of additional problems pertaining to the disposal, handlin...

The designs have evolved, and designers are more focused towards attaining streets that are "reconfigurable, safer, and more accessible to pedestrians, cyclists, and tomorrow's self-driving vehicles". The services are beyond the buildings and such advancements provide both accessible and energy-harvesting sources. The dynamic property of the street...

Even individuals can recall specific scents or aromas vividly. But in architectural practice, sound is a component that is frequently overlooked. When it comes to sound, architecture's soundscape are lacking in illumination up front. People who are deprived of their senses do not thrive. Our hearing is one of the senses that need good stimulation....

Heritage conservation is a major factor in promoting tourism. It helps to understand previous tradition, used materials, architecture style and evolution process. The link between heritage and tourism is the most visible aspect of the contribution of culture to local development. Due to the preservation of heritage many new jobs can be generated in...

The goal of treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is to apply knowledge, not to acquire new skills. The prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children is rising daily around the world for a variety of reasons that have a direct impact on their mental health and hyperactive behaviour. The classroom atmosphere i...

The book discusses the latest developments in the area of building constructions. Most of the building components such as columns, roofs and concrete blocks are available in prefabricated forms that increase the speed of construction processes. The goal is to engineer buildings that are sustainable, efficient, resilient, economically viable; and en...

This study investigates the purchasing behavior of young adults in Indonesia, focusing on thrift products. Key factors influencing their decisions include value for money, electronic word of mouth (e-WOM), and environmental concerns. The research aims to contribute to consumer behavior knowledge in Indonesia, offering practical recommendations for...

This study investigates the purchasing behavior of young adults in Indonesia, focusing on thrift products. Key factors influencing their decisions include value for money, electronic word of mouth (e-WOM), and environmental concerns. The research aims to contribute to consumer behavior knowledge in Indonesia, offering practical recommendations for...

Energy conservation in hospital buildings is essential to minimize operational costs, reduce environmental impact, and ensure sustainable healthcare infrastructure. The environment is greatly influenced by the emission of carbon dioxide and plays a very large part in global warming issues. A significant large amount of energy is consumed in hospita...

It is hard to discuss Islam without bringing up the person of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The urban crisis has become a significant issue due to society's Westernization. The experts say that the Islamic approach appears to be the most promising due to the urgent need for harmonization. Several concepts unmistakably found in this tradition's funda...

The high-rise healthcare design has a particular set of benefits. This paper aims to illustrate the design consideration of facilities in urban areas because of their increasing land values at the same time healthcare demand not only a prospect for better planning flexibility, safety, and security but also an opportunity to achieve improved air qua...

Crack formation in concrete is a problem that can hardly be totally prevented because of shrinkage responses of setting concrete and tensile stresses that arise in built-up structures. The integrity of a building may be compromised by larger cracks, necessitating repair work, while tiny cracks, frequently with a crack diameter of less than 0.2 mm,...

Energy systems in India are available in form of fossil fuel and renewable fossil fuels. Oil , natural gas, coal gas, renewable energy is available in form of solar PV ,hydroelectricity, bio energy and wind. Energy is transported in form of electricity wherein uses of energy is in transport, industry and buildings, whereas buildings constitute the...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between performance expectancy, and government support for m-commerce adoption among Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the service industry. The study was quantitative, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 396 SMEs in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malays...

Much of the scenic beauty of nature has been replaced by densely populated areas that sprawl for miles from urban centre. This visual pollution affects us all and leaves us with a longing for a closer connection with nature. We spend about 90 percent of our time indoors. Interior plants are an ideal way to create attractive and restful settings whi...

In this paper, the study analyzes the necessity of model-making to comprehend and learn about architectural product design through a systematic literature review. Recent literature is identified from reputed peer-reviewed journals and a systematic appraisal is implemented. Through multitudes of instances mentioned in the reviewed literature, argume...

This paper shall cover the existing theories and practices in the field of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design with a special focus on Healthcare Projects. The intention is to address the gap between theory and practices. Safety & Security is one of the basic human needs for peaceful existence. Patient safety and security have always been...

The Global Warming, Climate Change, Energy Depletion, and Carbon emissions are the greatest risks to humanity in the 21st century. Urbanization in many ways increases the lack of energy resources and demands more construction of high-rise towers for a better standard of living. Buildings are responsible for around one-third of global greenhouse gas...

The outline of almost all urban contours are characterized by accelerated urbanization, depleted assets, population growth, ageing infrastructure, and degraded environments, which are made worse by rising climate uncertainty. The projections show that by 2040, approximately half of the world population will reside in areas with significant water st...

This paper shall cover the existing theories and practices in the field of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design with a special focus on Healthcare Projects. The intention is to address the gap between theory and practices. Safety & Security is one of the basic human needs for peaceful existence. Patient safety and security have always been...

Healthcare facilities should provide a therapeutic environment in which the overall design of the building contributes to the process of healing and reduces the risk of healthcare-associated infections rather than simply being a place where treatment takes place. Healthcare buildings exist primarily for the patients and other people who use them. T...

The new computational technologies and 3D printers have the ability to alter how we construct our surroundings. The additive manufacturing (AM) is a novel way for creating three-dimensional objects by layering materials like plastic, metal, concrete, sand, and other materials. The impact of 3D printing in the construction sector should not be under...

Healthcare facilities should provide a therapeutic environment in which the overall design of the building contributes to the process of healing and reduces the risk of healthcare-associated infections rather than simply being a place where treatment takes place. Healthcare buildings exist primarily for the patients and other people who use them. T...

The old settlement of Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India, is an open museum for vernacular buildings and has become an integral part of the local cultural heritage. The region is the heart of the entire urban area. It is also often the city's oldest part, constantly shaped with time. The old settlement of Srinagar has always been an important geograp...

In the past, the Yamuna River and the Najafgarh Drainage System have flooded the city of Delhi severely. In the past 33 years, Yamuna has 25 times exceeded its risk threshold, which is set at 204.83m. Since 1900, Delhi has suffered six significant floods when the Yamuna River has reached a height of one metre or more above the accidental 204.49m on...

It has become crucial to live in serene and soothing environments to be healthy and tranquil. Contemplative areas can guide the architecture to a higher spiritual plane which generates a feeling of calmness. It is possible to characterize the present era as turbulent, uncertain, and changeable. Technical breakthroughs and a desire for peaceful sett...

Housing is a fundamental human necessity and an integral part of the built environment. Traditional building materials utilised in the housing sector, like steel, cement and burnt clay bricks, are becoming more and more necessary every year. The decrease of the use of these energy-intensive construction materials and the speedy supply of housing un...

India has an age-old habit of aping the western world. Even today, the architecture of most of the metropolitan cities is not based on its immediate surrounding or microclimate instead; it is a creation of the current building trends of the west. The newly developed towns in India not only attempted to follow the trends of globalization and moderni...

One of the design challenges that architects and designers encounter during the creation and design stage of structural concepts is the parametric optimization of an architectural object's form. It is a very time-consuming and difficult process to evaluate a building's energy performance as a design consideration in the early design stages. To solv...

Model-making plays an important role in architectural design projects. Models can depict how a building fits into its surroundings without revealing every detail, or they might highlight a particular feature of the structure. Model making is important to better understand how the architectural design adopts the energy efficiency of a structure. Act...

The residential and commercial sectors account for nearly one-third of the total electricity consumption in India. During the period from 1971 to 2012, the highest increase in electricity consumption was seen in the residential sector with a 9.4% compound annual growth rate, followed by the commercial sector. This has been attributed mainly to the...

The emission of carbon dioxide has great influence on the environment and has a very large part to play in global warming issues. In the building and construction industry, CO2 is the largest environmental concern. This has prompted research into developing new building systems and technologies, to mitigate the green house gases, which are depletin...

The conventional brick walls, stone walls and even hollow concrete blocks require mortar to hold the individual building units in desired position. A new concept of concrete block construction without mortar has been developed, but due to lack of proper promotion and lack of confidence as to their structural stability, they have not been largely us...

The most popular building material in India is burnt clay brick, which not only contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions but also removes a large amount of topsoil from agricultural land each year. Traditional burned brick places a great deal of strain on the environment because the burning process produces greenhouse gases. Compressed...

In this study a coupled-eulerian-lagrangian (CEL) approach has been applied to assess the internal blast loading conditions, for the tunnel built in three layers of sandstone rock. The three weathered stages of sandstone have been considered in this study i.e., slightly, medium and also highly weathered sandstone in three different layers. The sand...

One of the key issues in twentieth-century architecture is the energy problem and daily rise in environmental pollution brought on by the creation of greenhouse gases, particularly in the construction industry. The purpose of the research that follows is to investigate how well buildings heat up while also updating double-skinned facades to ensure...

A hospital is a place of health care that offers patient care using professional medical and nursing personnel and equipment. A healthcare building comprises many departments including Emergency, Out Patient Department (OPD), In-Patient Department (IPD), Diagnostic, Surgery and other Specialties. Design of a healthcare building is a challenging tas...

The Internet has enabled e-commerce activities, including online grocery purchases. Although all users dream of a hassle-free and safe transaction, not all online payment methods are safe and acceptable. Thus, one of the solutions is to integrate blockchain technology. However, the acceptance of Blockchain among urban users still needs to be discov...

Streets are an integral part of the urban fabric which weave various functions like social space, commercial space, cultural space, as well as a channel of transportation for various categories of vehicles. In Indian scenario, rapid and uncontrolled growth of commercial activities on urban streets has led to traffic congestion, unorganized parking,...

The residential buildings courtyards of the 50s–early 80s of the previous century is the object of this scientific paper. Residential environment of this kind is predominant in the central historical districts of the majority Ukrainian cities, including Poltava, Rivne, and Kyiv. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the residential courtyards of...

Talking about the traditional look of individual housing is now becoming increasingly difficult. More and more old houses are being rebuilt according to the modern system; less and less archaic houses are preserved. The ancient settlements abandoned by the inhabitants are being destroyed. Buildings are destroyed not only by weathering, but also by...

This research paper is based on the different aspects and design concepts of a healing garden for rehabilitation and education centres. The healing garden is not only an open space with lots of landscaping but a healing garden that is a part of nature that is defined as a safe area for users for different activities. The paper is based upon a hypot...

Fly ash, which is recovered from the gases produced when coal is burned to produce power, is essentially a fine glass powder. Fly ash is a siliceous substance that has an amorphous or glassy bulk associated with it. These tiny earth elements are mainly composed of silica, alumina, and iron. When flyash is combined with lime and water, a cementitiou...

Construction activity uses water to a significant extent for many operations, materials, and on-site activities, and the availability of potable water for building construction is a matter of concern. This research work aims to determine water consumption during construction activities on-site during the construction phase of the building in the In...

Art Nouveau was a global movement that began in the early 1890s and combined two of the most powerful elements in the world: art and nature. Although these two have been associated from the beginning of time, Art Nouveau's significance and impact are far above any earlier attempts. Worldwide, artwork, sculpture, architecture, pottery, and furniture...

In India, burnt clay brick is the most used building material, which produces a significant amount of greenhouse gasses and destroys a huge amount of topsoil of agricultural land every year. Due to rapid urbanization, the demand for brick as filler material in buildings has been increasing exponentially. Conventional burnt brick puts tremendous pre...

In a novel way, modern architecture has a great influence and impact on present-day contemporary architecture. Since the late 1980s, 'minimalism in architecture has been taken into consideration. Less is more is emphasized, which adheres to the philosophy of filling the space with the necessary items and clearing unneeded clutter to allow room for...

The environment demands a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as building and construction are responsible for more than 40% of the energy consumed worldwide and 30% of the world’s GHG emissions. Many countries have aligned themselves with the Paris agreement, following its target of achieving net zero carbon emissions, although some gover...

The book presents a detailed comparison between traditional construction techniques and 3D printing construction. The comparison focuses on four primary parameters: mechanism, composition, time and cost. The operational details of each technology (cast-in situ, pre-stress, post-tension) are reviewed and comparison criteria for all techniques are fo...

Architecture is important in many facets of life and serves as historical documentation for the society and country. Many people have worked to promote the preservation of historical structures, particularly the preservation of the architectural style. Heritage can take on many different forms, including intangibles like memories, emotions, beliefs...

To lead a fit and peaceful life, it has become very important to dwell in spaces that are contemplative and comforting. Space for contemplation can also lead the architect towards spiritual realms. The current era can be described as tumultuous, changeable, and unsettled. Rapid urbanisation and extreme intensification are being accompanied by techn...

All human activities and settlement development draw upon the environment's resources for their sustenance and, in the process, generate a continuing impact on the environment at a comprehensive level. When the impact exceeds the manageable limits and becomes irreversible, the environment can no longer sustain the intense human activity, which lead...

The high temperature in city centers and urban areas than their surroundings, known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which causes discomfort to city dwellers in the summer season, is gaining much attention worldwide as the world continues to urbanize. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon where urban areas are experiencing high temperat...

Aqueducts are is a cross drainage structure used to conduct a water stream across an obstacle such as hollow, valley or natural streams etc. through conduit to convey water. The Aqueducts have been the most spectacular and marvellous architectural examples of the ancient water supply network system. The paper covers brief history of Aqueduct. The r...

In healthcare facility, designing inpatient units are very crucial because its physical infrastructure and built environment not only effect patients and family but also Healthcare staff and their outcomes. This Study aimed to cover technical considerations of planning and designing of patient Room Unit in context of future emerging trend with main...

The high temperature in city centres and urban areas than their surroundings, known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which causes discomfort to city dwellers in the summer season, is gaining much attention worldwide as the world continues to urbanize. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon where urban areas are experiencing high temperat...

Nature serves as a compass for all the sciences. Nature was and continues to be the first teacher for humanity. A certain area of study advances through observing and copying nature. This area of research, known as biomimicry, can be characterized as the imitation of organic biological processes. Just like scientists and designers, architects can f...

Urbanization has advanced many lives but at the same time, it has degraded the natural environment in many layers be it air, water, or land. One such consequence has been air pollution. Air pollution has plagued the cities and has been one of the biggest obstacles to sustainability. Hence, it is crucial to understand, manage and mitigate the challe...

In this paper an attempt has been made to address fluoride contamination in groundwater of India from 2000-2020, along with its relationship with depth to water level and hot springs. Fluoride pollution has been widespread throughout India for decades. Because groundwater is India's primary supply of drinking water, fluoride pollution is a concern....

Design and the furniture industry have been evolving a lot, with the advancements in the lives of human beings. With the passage of time, the furniture industry has continuously adapted itself to suit the needs of the mass. However, in the time being, the design of furniture has become competitive in order to fulfil the increasing demands in the li...

Printing technology evolves at a quick pace, and what was once only capable of printing two-dimensional objects is now capable of producing true three-dimensional objects. Three-dimensional printing, often known as 3D printing, allows you to create a work of art quickly, easily, and in great detail. 3D printers can create a wide range of objects, i...

The construction sector is responsible for the 40% of consumed resources, 40% of CO2 emissions, and approximately 40% of construction and demolition waste. For the assessment of the building, there exists a standardized method, life cycle assessment (LCA), however, the process requires time, cost, and most importantly expertise. In this paper, a me...

The administration and management of waste is one of the major issues confronting the advanced society and is not fairly constrained to plastics. The squandering or waste generated annually is by and large a claim in Pakistan. Reusing plastic is required to support the environment. The wall panels that are utilized in interiors are made up of Polyv...

The internal blast loading condition in a tunnel constructed in three-layered shale rock has been incorporated using a coupled-eulerian-lagrangian (CEL) approach in this paper. In this research, the three weathered stages of shale were studied, namely minimally, medium, and highly weathered shale in three layers. As we got closer to the earth's sur...

The dome is a vital element and a prominent building feature in Islamic Architecture. This paper analyzes the geometrical and philosophical approach to the transition of two types of domes, i.e., square and octagonal base domes. The timeline and region selected for the work are from the 1420s to 1630s of the Indian subcontinent. During the period,...

School is not only a building or an assembly of students and teachers, but also can be defined as a space for children to grow and shape their thoughts. Children spend almost half their working hours of the day at school. The lessons and values learned here at school affect the perception of students in their lives. The surroundings of a person lea...

Introduction: It is clear that there is a gap between academic knowledge and professional practice in the field of architecture. Based on feedback from the industry, recent graduates lack the required skills, technical knowledge, and professional competencies. To keep pace with the rapidly changing technological scenario, the entire curriculum and...

With the rise in problems mainly ecological as well as energy crises that are intensifying today, the concept of green has become essential concerning sustainable development. The hospital building consumes much more energy and generates more waste, as compared to the other types of buildings. Climate change, contamination of chemicals, and the use...

The use of renewable energy is essential for sustainable development, and buildings are responsible for a significant part of energy consumption. Therefore, this study is focused on geothermal energy and its application to buildings and its potential significance for energy savings and minimizing the carbon footprint. In this study, geothermal syst...

The building sector is a significant energy-consuming sector. Sustainable and climate-responsive architecture offers possible solutions to these challenges. The principles evolved over many generations as observed in the vernacular architecture, constructed with locally available materials applying the local construction techniques and confined to...

A concrete block is one of several precast concrete products used in construction. The term precast refers to the fact that the blocks are formed and hardened before they are brought to the job site. Most concrete blocks have one or more hollow cavities, and their sides may be cast smooth or with a design. A concrete masonry unit(CMU) is a standard...