Mohammad Shakil Ahmad

• MBBS MD (Community medicine & Public Health)
• Professor (Associate) at College of Medicine Majmaah University

Dietary management is considered as a major step in assessing a patient's knowledge related to nutritional aspects, treatment, and complications of diabetes. Diabetes patients frequently face difficulty in identifying the recommended diet, including its quality and quantity. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), sedentary lifestyle, along with food...

Background and Objectives: There is a paucity of literature on the dietary attitude (DA) of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Although the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is high in Gulf countries, there remains a lack of understanding of the importance of dietary behavior in diabetes management among patients...

Introduction: The current pandemic of Covid-19 has caused havoc on the world economy and the lives of millions of people. In India, because of the diversified population, different income groups, and social habits of people, the extended lockdown has made a severe impact on the lifestyle. Aim: This article attempts to throw light on the effect of l...

One of the important cornerstones of diabetes care is dietary management which should be based on healthy eating in the context of food choices, cultural and social aspects. There is a scarcity of literature addressing the dietary habits of type 2 diabetics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In Gulf countries, especially KSA there are ineffectiv...

Background and purpose HIV disease is one of the major public health challenges and its early diagnosis and timely management play a vital role in reducing mortality. This study examines factors affecting the mortality of HIV patients and the effect of delay in diagnosis on survival. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data from the ART Ce...

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) presents substantial public health challenges in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), with its prevalence and interaction with other arboviruses (ABVs) remaining poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of CHIKV and its association with other ABVs, such as dengue vir...

Background We aimed to identify the central lifestyle, the most impactful among lifestyle factor clusters; the central health outcome, the most impactful among health outcome clusters; and the bridge lifestyle, the most strongly connected to health outcome clusters, across 29 countries to optimise resource allocation for local holistic health impro...

Background and Aim: Optometrists play a critical role in delivering primary eye care worldwide. This study evaluates the availability, utilization, and impact of optometry services within primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Saudi Arabia, focusing on their contributions to patient care and the healthcare system. Methodology: A multicenter cross-sec...

This research aims to explore the degree of use of computerized technologies in the special education teacher qualification program in East Jerusalem, and the extent of its impact on their performance in practical applications from the students’ point of view, explore students’ opinions about the effectiveness of computerized technologies in improv...

Human breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for newborns, but the potential transfer of contaminants like mycotoxins, particularly ochratoxin A (OTA), from maternal blood to milk remains a concern. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of global OTA levels in human breast milk and assess the associated health risk...

Background The recent Marburg virus outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania in March 2023 have sparked fears about potential worldwide spread. Thus, assessing healthcare workers’ (HCW) knowledge of the disease is critical, particularly in India, where the healthcare system is underfunded and understaffed and already has an immense burden of inf...

This study reviews global levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in infant formula and cereal-based foods, using Monte Carlo simulation to assess risks. The review found 24 studies on global OTA levels in infant food and cereal-based products, using databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase until March 2024. We estimated OTA exposure in i...

Background: Central and bridge nodes can drive significant overall improvements within their respective networks. We aimed to identify them in 16 prevalent chronic diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to guide effective intervention strategies and appropriate resource allocation for most significant holistic lifestyle an...

Introduction: This research examines the effects of depression and anxiety on patients' recovery and quality of life following cardiac intervention, highlighting the frequent occurrence of these psychological conditions after ICU stays and intensive rehab, emphasizing the need for addressing pain perception and providing patient education and couns...

Background The prevalence of obesity and thyroid cancer (TC) is increasing worldwide, and obesity is a risk factor for TC. Objectives This study aimed to elucidate physicians’ awareness of obesity as a risk factor for TC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional, self-report online questionnaire was distributed to physicians in all regions of Saudi...

A BSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of child-friendly dentist attire and camouflage syringes on reducing dental anxiety in children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 pediatric patients aged 6 to 12 years. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: group A (child-friendly dentist attire), group...

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the oral health statuses of children and adults within the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population through an umbrella review approach. The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and associated variables were investigated across selected studies. A systematic search was conducted across data...

Background The interconnected nature of lifestyles and interim health outcomes implies the presence of the central lifestyle, central interim health outcome and bridge lifestyle, which are yet to be determined. Modifying these factors holds immense potential for substantial positive changes across all aspects of health and lifestyles. We aimed to i...

Background Core elements such as emergency coordination, cooperative surveillance, community protection, safe and scalable care, countermeasures, and research have been used to direct preparedness and response operations. Among these, healthcare workers (HCWs) attitudes and knowledge regarding monkeypox (Mpox) play a crucial part in epidemic respon...

Background The health area being greatest impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and residents’ perspective to better prepare for future pandemic remain unknown. We aimed to assess and make cross-country and cross-region comparisons of the global impacts of COVID-19 and preparation preferences of pandemic. Methods We recruited adults in 30...

(1) Background: Disparity in clinical care on the basis of gender, socioeconomic status, ethnic and racial variation is an established phenomenon. The focus on health disparities was led on by the report of the Secretary’s Task Force on Black & Minority Health, which emphasized that the burden of death and illness was in excess among black people a...

Background Online medical education is critical for public health literacy and physician efficacy, but it must be trustworthy. Although it has the potential to be a useful resource for medical education, users must be able to identify reliable content. Objective To assess the scientific quality of Arabic-language video content related to erectile...

Background There is limited research on whether women choose urology as a future career. Therefore, we aimed in this study to assess the influencing and challenging factors among female physicians in Saudi Arabia. Methods We approached 552 female physicians, including 29 (5.2%) urologists and 523 (94.7%) non-urologists. A cross-sectional survey wa...

Unlabelled: Hesitancy about receiving vaccines has been deemed a global danger to public health by WHO. The sociocultural backgrounds of the people have an impact on vaccine acceptance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sociodemographic factors on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy as well as to identify the factors that contribut...

Background: In the global effort to combat SARS CoV2 infection, adoption of the vaccination has been an essential component. The goal of this research was to determine the quality of web-based information gathered during COVID-19 and participants' awareness and acceptance for the booster dose for COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was...

Objective To assess the demographic, clinical, and survival profile of people living with HIV. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients enrolled at a single antiretroviral therapy center in North Karnataka. A total of 11,099 were recruited from April 2007 to January 2020, out of which 3,676 were excluded and the final 7,42...

Objective: Emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor one's emotions and feelings and those of others, to distinguish between them, and to use this information to guide one's thoughts and actions. A growing body of evidence suggests that highly emotionally intelligent student groups have better academic performance, better emotional awarenes...

Psychiatric and mental disorders are more prevalent than recorded. Severe cases of these conditions require rehabilitation services to reach optimal social and occupational well-being. This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of patients seeking care in one rehabilitation center in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate the impact of these...

Citation: Ahsan, M.; Shaik, R.A.; Mallick, A.K.; Banawas, S.S.; Alruwaili, T.A.M.; Alanazi, Y.A.; Alzahrani, H.S.; Ahmad, R.K.; Ahmad, M.S.; AlAnazi, F.H.; et al. A

The objective of this study is to assess the frequency and severity of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Indian children aged 5–17 years who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, as well as to investigate for predictors of AEFI. To examine AEFI following the first and second doses of Pfizer’s vaccine, semi-structured que...

To evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude (myths) of the general population about the first aid management of epistaxis. This cross-sectional study was conducted via an online questionnaire from March to August 2022. We generated google forms for data collection. The link to this google form was randomly shared on WhatsApp and Facebook pla...

Objective: In the hospital setting, long waiting times and the lengthy formal process have increased the inefficiency and mismanagement resulting in the missing chance of saving the patients' life. Our aim was to assess the time wastage of every patient coming from reception to the actual emergency unit, to analyze the factor associated with the t...

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate and observe the compliance of automobile workers in wearing personal protective equipment and clothing at work. Design: This is a cross-sectional Observational study. Setting: Car garages in Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia. Participants: Male workers above 18 years employed in garages either a...

Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab) on mild cases of coronavirus disease in 2019 patients admitted to the tertiary care center. A total of 161 patients were evaluated, of which the test group consisted of 79 and the control group of 82. In the test group, the patients were...

Introduction: Driving is the act of operating and moving vehicles for which it is critical for drivers to recognize road signs, pedestrians, and animals when on the road. In Saudi Arabia it is estimated that there are over 1 million car accidents per year in which almost 80% are due to vision issues. The aim of the study is to assess the need of vi...

Abstract The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value of social distancing to...

Objective This study was carried out with an aim to outline the prevalence of coronary artery diseases, its risk of one region of the Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective observational study conducted across five secondary medical centers located in the city of Majmaah. Hospital medical records and ministry of health records were screened over a...

Background: Sleep apnea is the medical condition related to sleep of the individual. It is considered as one of the serious disorder where the person’s breathing is interrupted during sleep. According to numerous studies it is seen that prevalence of sleep apnea is more among medical students as compared to other students. This study has aimed to k...

Introduction: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been some reports regarding the impact of COVID-19 on male psychosexual health. Aims and objectives: To assess the severity of stress during COVID-19 and to determine the association of stress levels with partner relationships and sexual activity. Meth...

Introduction COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has been one of the most highly contagious and rapidly spreading virus outbreak. The pandemic not only has catastrophic impacts on physical health and economy around the world, but also the psychological well-being of individuals, communities and society. The psychological and social impacts of the C...

Objective This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to summarize available findings on the associations between dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk as well as the dose-response associations of total, animal, plant, and dairy protein intake with prostate cancer risk. Methods This study...

Objective: Our aim was to assess sexual activity, partner relationships among males who had been infected with COVID-19, to study the impact of COVID-19 infection on partner relationship and to find out the association between partner and sexual relationship during lockdown. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Saudi A...

Disasters have an extraordinary capacity to highlight vulnerabilities in systems structures, processes, and people, resulting in significant losses, and hospitals are no exception to this. Recent disasters have demonstrated that hospitals' operational resilience, as well as their structural resilience, must be addressed. Hospital preparedness is an...

Objective: Since COVID-19 outbreak, there is a lack of extensive literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and lifestyle. The aim of the study was (1) to assess the COVID-19 related knowledge and its socio-demographic correlates in individuals from different parts of Saudi Arabia, (2) to evaluate the health-related impact and lif...

Introduction: Driving is the act of operating and moving vehicles for which it is critical for drivers to recognize road signs, pedestrians, and animals when on the road. In Saudi Arabia it is estimated that there are over 1 million car accidents per year in which almost 80% are due to vision issues. The aim of the study is to assess the need of vi...

Our objectives of the study is to assess the sociodemographic profile and survival profile of HIV patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients enrolled at a single antiretroviral therapy center at North Karnataka. A total of 11099 were recruited during April 2007 to January 2020. The outcome of interest was the time to death...

Background: Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of hereditary diseases such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease that estimated the prevalence of 1.5%-17% for each β-thalassemia and SCD respectively according to the general statistics organization. For that Saudi Arabia implemented Premarital screening and genetic counseling (PMSGC) program, since...

Background: Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of hereditary diseases such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease that estimated the prevalence of 1.5%-17% for each β-thalassemia and SCD respectively according to the general statistics organization. For that Saudi Arabia implemented Premarital screening and genetic counseling (PMSGC) program, since...

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Inflammation in airways leads to hypersensitivity and airway obstruction which is responsible for the symptoms of asthma like wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness and cough that aggravates in the morning. The prevalence ranges from 1.1 to 9.9% in adults. Systemic therapy and inhal...

Objective: The neurological manifestations and their severity in patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) are currently unexplained. ‎We aimed at studying the prevalence of HIV Associated Neurological Disorders (HAND) among people on antiretroviral treatment, using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS). Patients and methods: A predesigne...

Background: The Eight-item Fear Scale is a unidimensional scale evaluating the per- ceived feelings of fear associated with the thought of the coronavirus. Aim: The Arabic version of this scale did not exist; hence, this study aimed to trans- late and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Fear Scale in participants aged 18 years and above in...

Introduction: Traffic accidents continue to have serious health and economic consequences all around the globe. Despite significant efforts to enhance road safety, the number of traffic accidents has continuously risen over the past three decades. Objective: This current study was conducted to determine the cause, injuries, and management problems...

This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Fear scale in above 18 years Arabic speakers' residents in five Arabic countries: Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan by using a cross-sectional survey design, the English version of COVID-19 fear scale was translated in Arabic following the guidelines and diss...

We aimed this systematic review to analyze and review the currently available published literature related to long COVID, understanding its pattern, and predicting the long-term effects on survivors. We thoroughly searched the databases for relevant articles till May 2021. The research articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria were ass...

The current pandemic has revolutionized medical education with a rapid shift to online teaching and learning strategies. The students have coped by turning to the online resources to keep pace with the change. To determine the type and practice of online resources used by undergraduate medical students and compare the use of online resources with g...

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, patterns and contributing factors for tobacco usage amongst Saudi population. Materials and methods: Between April and June 2013, a cross-sectional study was organized among 10735 individuals aged 15 years or older. The survey consisted of face-face interview for collecting data on...

Introduction: Parallel to past technological revolutions, along with existing pandemic crises has made digitally assisted tools, and formats for e-learning an essential component of medical Curricula Objective: The current study objectives were to find out the opinion of the students about the use and efficacy of the distance learning tools during...

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction among the elderly is a devastating condition preceded by accumulation of neuropathology leading to accelerated cognitive decline. Many epidemiologic studies have reported the relation between indoor air pollution exposure and cognitive impairment. To clarify the nature of the association, a comprehensive systematic...

Introduction: Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) consists of solids, liquids, sharps and laboratory waste that are potentially infectious and dangerous. In India, lack of knowledge and practice in relation to availability of resources and processes in place has been reported in many studies. Hence, the present study has been carried out with an objective of a...

Introduction COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has been one of the most highly contagious and rapidly spreading virus outbreaks. The pandemic not only has catastrophic impacts on physical health and economy around the world, but also the psychological well-being of individuals, communities, and society. The psychological and social impacts of the...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease (NCD) with metabolic dysfunction that has attained epidemic proportions worldwide. Vascular complications account for the mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes. Hence, the study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for vascular complications in patients with type 2...

Objective: Exposure to mineral oil and petroleum derivatives is common among motor vehicle repair workers, leading to occupation-related dermatological conditions. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of contact dermatitis among workers of car garages in the unorganized sector and to explore their personal safety measures. Subjects a...

Context: The continued explosive spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide is a crucial problem for all countries. ‎Even though it is becoming increasingly difficult to stop the spread of the virus according to the ‎WHO, countries need to enforce strict measures to minimize its effects‎ Aims: ‎This study attempts to assess the awareness and compliance of the...

BACKGROUND Visual disability is one of the most significant global health concerns. One of the studies conducted in the northern part of Saudi Arabia showed that the prevalence of visual disability in the adult population of 23.5 %. Very few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to determine the prevalence of visual disability in the younger...

BACKGROUND Smart devices are being extensively used for communication and entertainment purposes. When users spend long time suing these devices, it may lead to text neck syndrome. We wanted to assess perspective, awareness, and behaviour toward the text neck among medical students of Majmaah University. METHODS This is an observational institution...

Introduction: The current pandemic of Covid-19 has caused havoc on the world economy and the lives of millions of people. In India, because of the diversified population, different income groups, and social habits of people, the extended lockdown has made a severe impact on the lifestyle. Aim: This article attempts to throw light on the effect of l...

Aim Visual impairment and blindness are important global health issues as they are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life, leading to substantial economic loss and productivity. There are only a few published articles on vision impairment and blindness in Saudi Arabia to compare the range of estimated global preval...

Work Related Respiratory Complications among the Worker of Qassim Cement Industry of Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Pyoderma means any skin disease that is pyogenic. Pyoderma is primary or secondary and superficial or deep. Primary pyoderma, includes superficial bacterial infections such as Impetigo, ecthyma, folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, abscess, etc. Secondary pyoderma is primarily caused by conditions that involve bacterial infections below the epidermal...

Causative-inchoative construction is a pair of verbs discussing the same notion, which is a state of change with a different form for each verb. It has been noted that causative-inchoative alternation constitutes a learnability problem for Arab EFL learners and very few studies addressed this language form among Arab learners and more specifically...

Objectives: To compare central corneal thickness in myopic and keratoconuseyes by ultrasound pachymetry and pentacam HR. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Qassim University, Optometry Clinics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Period: October2016 to April 2017. Methodology: One hundred myopic and keratoconus participants. CentralCorneal Thickness...

Objectives: Pneumonia has a negative effect on the outcome of liver transplant. Our aim was to analyze early-onset pneumonia that developed within the first month after transplant. Materials and methods: This prospective single-center study included 56 adult living-donor liver transplant recipients; those who developed early-onset pneumonia base...

We report the results of the femtoscopic analysis of pairs of identical pions measured in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV. Femtoscopic radii are determined as a function of event multiplicity and pair momentum in three spatial dimensions. As in the pp collision system, the analysis is complicated by the presence of sizable back...