Mohamed Machmoum

• Professor
• Nantes Université

As the demand for renewable energy increases, microgrids (MGs) are emerging as a key solution for delivering reliable and sustainable power. A crucial aspect of microgrid development is optimal design, which involves siting and sizing generation, storage, and distribution components to enhance efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. This s...

Nowadays, the rise of DC loads along with distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) have led to a growing interest in using direct current (DC) microgrid systems. Conventional droop control methods face significant limitations when applied to parallel-connected distributed generation (DG) units, particularly in achieving...

This article proposes a new strategy for blade pitch control to regulate power production while alleviating the negative effects of the structural motions of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). FOWTs frequently experience significant fluctuations in rotor speed when wind speed is above its rated value in the presence of significant wave height...

In the context of global warming, renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar power, have garnered increasing attention in recent decades. Accurate forecasting of the energy output in microgrids (MGs) is essential for optimizing energy management, reducing maintenance costs, and prolonging the lifespan of energy storage systems. This stud...

The safety of vehicle travel relies on good stability performance, making vehicle motion control a vital technology in vehicles. This paper focuses on investigating the impact of roll control on vehicle performance, particularly in terms of avoiding rollover and ensuring lateral stability. By introducing a feedback roll moment, the roll motion can...

Featured Application This review subscribes to the MiDiNA project as a part of the European Union-African Union partnership for renewable energy, ‘LEAP-RE’. This review will shed light on the energy transition in North African countries and the resilient controls for improving power availability in microgrids. It seeks to draw attention to the adva...

Inverter is an essential component of a grid connected PV system. In fact, an open-switch fault in this power converter could result an important system malfunction and consequently leads to system disconnection. In this context, this paper focuses on the fault-tolerant control of PWM-inverter with redundancy leg for grid-connected PV system. In ad...

Doubly salient permanent magnet machine (DSPMM), which is a branch of stator-Permanent Magnet (PM) machine, is becoming more and more attractive due to higher power density and fault-tolerant capability, better mechanical robustness, simpler rotor configuration, lower PM consumption and higher PM material utilization efficiency. Thus, it has great...

Due to the present trend in the wind industry to operate in deep seas, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are an area of study that is expanding. FOWT platforms cause increased structural movement, which can reduce the turbine’s power production and increase structural stress. New FOWT control strategies are now required as a result. The gain-...

This study suggests a new nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm called the red-tailed hawk algorithm (RTH). As a predator, the red-tailed hawk has a hunting strategy from detecting the prey until the swoop stage. There are three stages during the hunting process. In the high soaring stage, the red-tailed hawk explores the search spac...

This paper presents a novel real-time singularity-based fault diagnosis method for tidal current applications, specifically utilizing a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator with trapezoidal back electromotive forces. The proposed method incorporates an innovative orthogonal signal generator through a second-order filter, enabling the e...

Dans les stratégies classiques comme le droop ou l'équilibrage de l'état de charge (SoC), l'état de santé (SoH) des unités de stockage d'énergie distribuées (DESU) n'est pas pris en compte. Cela entraine des dégradations inégales pouvant augmenter la charge et le coût d'entretien des DESUs. Dans cette proposition, un nouveau contrôle distribué est...

Dans les stratégies classiques comme le droop ou l'équilibrage de l'état de charge (SoC), l'état de santé (SoH) des unités de stockage d'énergie distribuées (DESU) n'est pas pris en compte. Cela entraine des dégradations inégales pouvant augmenter la charge et le coût d'entretien des DESUs. Dans cette proposition, un nouveau contrôle distribué est...

In this paper, a distributed control is proposed for Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESSs) and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) power management in islanded Microgrid (MG). The power management strategy is designed to maintain generation/consumption balance, to ensure State of Charge (SoC) balancing of the DESSs and MG frequency/voltage (f & V)...

The supply of electricity to remote areas such as islands or rural areas presents many challenges. To reduce costs, the use of renewable energy resources is recommended. In these circumstances, it is always important to improve the power quality in terms of waveform and power sharing between different distributed generators. In this paper, we focus...

A high number of charge/discharge cycles results in premature aging of distributed energy storage units (DESUs). Since classical droop control does not consider this issue and leads to microgrid (MG) voltage and frequency fluctuations in steady state, controls, such as state of charge (SoC) synchronization control, are used to minimize the number o...

In order to reduce the number of charge/discharge cycles of distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) to extend their lifespan, a State-of-Charge (SoC) balancing control is used. In conventional SoC balancing strategies, a local integral control is generally introduced in each DESS to ensure SoC equalization and Distributed Generators (DGs) freque...

In this paper, a fully distributed control-based consensus method is used to ensure a stabilizing Economic Dispatch (ED) for different Distributed Energy Storage System (DESS) technologies while achieving frequency and voltage regulation of Distributed Generators (DGs). All DESSs, as agents, work together to minimize the total generation cost (TGC)...

This paper aims at developing a novel robust polynomial decentralized control approach for an islanded hybrid DC MicroGrid (MG) with saturation constraint. The investigated MG system consists of a PV unit, a battery and a SuperCapacitor (SC). Each source is controlled by a DC-DC power converter. The challenge is to design a new control approach to...

– This paper introduces a new Energy Management System (EMS) approach for a stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) for residential application. The HRES comprises a solar photovoltaic unit (PV) as a master source, a hydrogen Fuel Cell (FC) as a standby source and a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) combining a battery (Batt) and a supe...

Dans cet article, un contrôle distribué basé sur le consensus est proposé pour assurer l'équilibrage des états de charge (SoCs) des organes de stockage distribués d'un micro-réseau (MG) AC tout en assurant la stabilisation en fréquence et en amplitude de tension des générateurs distribués (DGs). Cette méthode est basée sur une stratégie adaptative...

In this paper, a distributed control is proposed for Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESSs) and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) power management in islanded Microgrid (MG). The power management strategy is designed to maintain generation/consumption balance, to ensure State of Charge (SoC) balancing of the DESSs and MG frequency/voltage (f & V)...

We cordially invite you to submit your original contributions to this Special Issue, entitled: "Advanced Management and Control Strategies for Electrical Energy Systems." This is a Special Issue of MDPI's Energies, an international peer-reviewed open-access journal covered by various databases, including WoS and Scopus. The present Special Issue ai...

In a microgrid architecture that includes energy storage systems based on parallel batteries, the inequalities in the batteries’ state of charge may cause inconsistency in the residual capacity of each battery. As a consequence, the battery cells may be degraded owing to overcharging or deep discharging. This paper presents an optimized load-sharin...

The exact parameter estimation of the fuel cell model is considered a critical stage in delivering a consistent emulation for the fuel cell system characteristics. The aim of this is to suggeste a robust methodology based on the Gradient-based Optimizer (GBO) to identify the best parameters of PEM fuel cell (PEMFC). Three distinct types of PEM fuel...

In a microgrid architecture that includes energy storage systems based on parallel batteries, the inequalities in the batteries’ state of charge may cause inconsistency in the residual capacity of each battery. As a consequence, the battery cells may be degraded owing to overcharging or deep discharging. This paper presents an optimized load-sharin...

This paper proposes an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for DC microgrid. The studied system presents a commercial building power system that combines a photovoltaic array (PV), fuel cell (FC), a battery storage system and a bidirectional DC/AC grid converter. The integration of multiple power sources like renewables leads to techno-economi...

In this paper, the Adaptive Frequency Droop Virtual Power (AFDPV) method is implemented in a distributed control-based consensus to ensure the State of Charge (SoC) balancing of BESSs (Battery Energy Storage Systems), in an AC Microgrid (MG). An average consensus algorithm is used to acquire the average SoC value of the BESSs and the AFDVP strategy...

Power converters play an essential role in Photovoltaic (PV) system to maximize the power transfer to the electrical grid. However, the generated harmonics in the grids due to these power converters and nonlinear loads are considered one of the encountered problems to overcome. This paper presents a decoupled control of PV field real power and reac...

Photovoltaic systems are often connected to the main grid through multiple paralleled inverters to support and to reinforce the power generation into the grid. This interconnection can be affected by resonance phenomena that may be introduced by the excitation of passive filters and lead either to small oscillations that can deteriorate the power q...

Hybrid systems constitute one of the solutions for supplying isolated applications. Such systems are classically based on clean energy sources. When the renewable energy sources have intermittent productions, they are associated with storage systems. This makes the system economically more interesting. Economically speaking, hybrid energy systems u...

Using multiphase permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) is able to strengthen whole reliabilities of the tidal stream energy systems. Even so, advanced fault-tolerant control designs are also needed for a further enhancement of multiphase PMSG integrated tidal stream turbine under harsh sea water environments. Thus, extended state observers...

This paper presents an optimal parameter identification strategy of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery model applying a recent metaheuristic artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO) algorithm, which proves its ability in terms of both convergence speed and complexity. The key idea is to update the battery model parameters using the optimizer out...

Intermittent power interruptions and blackouts with long outage durations are very common, especially on weak distribution grids such as in developing countries. This paper proposes a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-battery-system sizing optimization through a genetic algorithm to address the reliability in fragile grids measured by the loss of power supp...

This paper firstly adopts a fault accommodation structure, a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with trapezoidal back-electromagnetic forces, in order to enhance the fault tolerance of tidal current energy conversion systems. Meanwhile, a fault-tolerant control (FTC) method is proposed using multiple second-order generalized i...

This paper presents the performance of a self-excited synchronous reluctance generator with flux barriers rotor (transversally laminated) in standalone operation. The growing interest for this type of generator is due to its multiple advantages (rugged structure, reliability, and low cost), which allows it to compete with conventional generators in...

In recent years, multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) have become attractive in the field of tidal current energy conversion systems (TCECS) due to their high-power density, reliability, and availability. However, external disturbances and malfunctions in power conversion chains will bring challenges to achieving stable and c...

Comparing with classical three phase generators, multiphase ones attract more and more attention for industrial applications due to their capability of fault tolerance, high quality of output power and so on. In the event of a fault occurrence, before reconfiguring the control algorithms, it is necessary to detect the fault. A second order filter-b...

This article presents an overall optimization method of Tidal Energy Converters arrangement and their electrical connection topology. This methodology is implemented as a software tool and formulated as a bi-level programming where two sequential genetic algorithms are used. A semi-analytical method is adopted to evaluate the loss of production cau...

The development of an advanced modular control strategy for Distributed Generation (DG) based islanded MicroGrids (MG) is proposed in this paper. This control strategy aims at achieving robust performances and accurate load power sharing in spite of system architecture. This strategy is based on the Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity...

The development of distributed generation based microgrids with high penetration of electronically interfaced systems shows great interest in various applications. These systems commonly use LC-L filters with inherent resonance characteristics, which increases the risk of resonance amplification and propagation in microgrids. These resonances lead...

In this paper, an improved Predictive Torque Control (PTC) of a PMSM based on Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is developed for smooth torque operation in electric vehicle applications (EVs). The fuel cell presents the main source and it is complemented with a quick power source (supercapacitors). The embedded Grew Wolf optimizer is used to solve the torq...

This paper proposes a control strategy to reduce speed ripples at low speed working conditions of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) for Electric Vehicle Applications. The treated issue is related to the periodic torque ripples which induce speed oscillation that deteriorate the drive performance. To ensure a high-performance control reg...

This article presents an approach to optimize the electrical connection topology of tidal energy converters in a tidal farm. The methodology is based on a genetic algorithm (GA). The main purpose is to present a technique of coding to find the best electrical connection topology of the tidal farm network. The optimization model takes into account t...

This paper proposes an improved Predictive Torque Control (PTC) of a PMSM based on the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for smooth torque operation in Electric Bus applications (EBs). The embedded GWO is used to resolve the torque tracking tasks with minimal oscillations in running at the low speed of PMSM drives. The new PTC algorithm can successfully en...

In this paper, the use of flatness based control to achieve smooth transition between Grid Connected (GC) and Stand-Alone (SA) is investigated. The idea is to exploit the flatness proprieties to ensure smooth transition between GC and SA modes. The flatness control uses planned flat outputs to calculate the inverter controls that achieve disturbanc...

The Adrar site located in the south of Algeria, presents the most important windy and sunny site in Algeria that can be exploited. In this context for the exploitation of the two complimentary sources of this site (wind and sun) based on the meteorological data, the present paper focuses on the study of a Hybrid System (HS) based on an interconnect...

Marine current energy becomes more and more attractive because of its remarkable advantages. In this paper, one toothed pole doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) machine is proposed for marine current energy conversion system. This kind of machine has a simple structure, good fault tolerance, reliable operation, and high power density, which make...

This paper presents an advanced control strategy for power quality enhancement in standalone power-supply systems (PSSs) with grid forming Four-Leg Voltage Source Inverters (FL-VSIs). Indeed, an online Adaptive Reference Generator (ARG) with a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is proposed to sustain the control performances of a Feedback Linearization Cont...

The Adrar site located in the south of Algeria, presents the most important windy and sunny site in Algeria that can be exploited. In this context for the exploitation of the two complimentary sources of this site (wind and sun) based on the meteorological data, the present paper focuses on the study of a Hybrid System (HS) based on an interconnect...

Standalone power-supply systems become a key solution to effectively address the load demand in remote locations, wherein the voltage asymmetry raises as a particular concern in view of a large number of single-phase household and communities loads. Over these loading conditions, the use of the four-leg voltage source inverters (FL-VSIs) appears as...

This paper deals with power flow control in a Micro Grid (MG) based on three parallel connected inverters with LCL filters. It is composed by two main issues. The first issue focuses on the MG modeling in the case of three connected inverters to the utility grid; these inverters are based on LCL filters with different inductive and capacitive param...

This paper deal with power quality issues in weak voltage isolated micro-grids, where the power export is managed through an inverter connected via an LC filter to feed the local consumers. In this context, a robust Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity-Based Controller (IDA-PBC) with an integral action is proposed to cope with undesired...

In distributed generation systems, the worst case of operation is a sudden transition between Grid-Connected mode (GC) and Stand-Alone mode (SA). In this situation, system state variables, such as abrupt changes in currents, risk to contribute to the destruction of the whole power system. In this work, the use of the Fuzzy Logic (FL)-based approach...

This paper presents a variable speed direct drive generator optimization methodology for tidal current energy application based on double stator permanent magnet generator. Maximizing annual energy output and minimizing the generator-converter system cost are the two objectives of the optimization. Generator-converter system cost includes the gener...

This paper addresses the management of a Fuel Cell (FC) – Supercapacitor (SC) hybrid power source for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. The FC presents the main energy source and it is sustained with SCs energy storages in order to increase the FC source lifespan by mitigating harmful current transients. For this aim, the reported work proposes a...

With increasing demands of energy around the world, tidal power, a most predictive and high density energy, becomes attractive for researchers. Tidal power generation suffers from costs, sufficient flow velocity and tidal ranges. The biggest barrier of tidal power generation is the low efficiency, which comes from turbine and conversion chains. Her...

This paper introduces a new robust controller with cascaded fuzzy blocks as a power system stabilizer (CFPSS) to enhance damping during low-frequency oscillations. This CFPSS is designed to act as a nonlinear lead–lag PSS with a given number of compensation blocks. To demonstrate the efficiency and the robustness of this proposed stabilizer, simula...

The increased penetration level of wind power plants has brought new issues and challenges. One of them is the low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT). This paper proposes a coordinated control and management strategy to improve the capability of a wind‐energy conversion system (WECS) to fulfill the universal LVRT requirements. Moreover, it aims to exploit...

This paper deals with the current supply waveforms and the effect of the mutual inductance on toothed pole Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet (DSPM) machine (10 kW, 50 tr/min). This DSPM machine is a low speed non-conventional stator – Permanent Magnet (PM) electrical machine, which is dedicated to marine tidal current applications. It has many signif...

This paper presents an optimal energy management system by means of frequency separation control, applied to an autonomous hybrid power generation intended for residential sector. Studied system is integrating photovoltaic and wind energy systems as main sources, and fuel cell stack as an auxiliary source. This residential hybrid power system is al...

This paper develops useful tools to address resonance phenomena in islanded microgrids (MGs). The modeling of islanded MGs is first proposed based on simplified passive circuits where both Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent representations are considered to describe the dynamic of the interconnected distributed generators (DGs) and loads. It is sho...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a well-known technology that has shown high efficiency and performance as a power system compared to conventional sources such as internal combustion engines. Especially, open cathode proton exchange membrane is growing more popular thanks to its simple structure, low cost and low parasitic losses. However, the...

When connecting two parallel three-phase voltage source inverters between the same DC power supply and AC bus, a zero-sequence circulating current will occur. The presence of these undesired currents increases the power losses and decreases the efficiency of the system. It has been demonstrated that circulating currents are basically influenced by...

This paper presents an energy management algorithm to be embedded for a residential application disconnected from the power grid. The multisource system studied includes solar panels as a renewable energy source, a fuel cell as a secondary source, three batteries and a bank of supercapacitors as storage systems. The proposed algorithm uses as input...

This paper presents an energy management algorithm to be embedded for a residential application disconnected from the power grid. The multisource system studied includes solar panels as a renewable energy source, a fuel cell as a secondary source, three batteries and a bank of supercapacitors as storage systems. The proposed algorithm uses as input...

Paralleled inverters with common DC and AC-buses are widely used to address high-power and/or reliable applications. Besides, such arrangement gives rise to a number of concerns, especially circulating currents which decline the overall system performance. To handle this issue, in this contribution, a new sharing strategy based on optimal model fre...

Power quality is highlighted as an important parameter in modern power systems. Moreover, grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are increasing significantly in size and capacity. Elsewhere, due to the progressive integration of nonlinear loads in the grid, the principal role of a Solar Energy Conversion System (SECS) is not only to capture the m...

This paper deals with power quality improvement in distributed generation based standalone microgrid applications. Indeed, a new configuration of microgrids is preconized based on the integration of active power filters with the aim to enhance the power quality and increase the power factor in microgrids by compensatingfor both harmonic and reactiv...