Mohamed Anwar Hammad

• BPharm (Hons), RPh, MPharm, BCPS, GCP, PhD Clinical Pharmacy (USM)
• Professor (Assistant) at University of Science Malaysia

Background: Mental illness is a disorder that can cause impairment and disability, affecting mood, thinking, and behavior; therefore, early intervention will reduce morbidity. This study aims to evaluate all the personal, family, societal, and medical barriers that prevent mental health patients from seeking consultation and treatment. Methods: In...

Sepsis is a life-threatening emergency that arises owing to a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to existence organ dysfunction. Vitamin C administration has led to a lower mortality rate in sepsis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment during sepsis improves hepatic function and enhances tissue oxygenation. The objective of this case repo...

Background: Oxidative stress and its end products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) play a leading role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythms, which likely play a role in infectious diseases in terms of susceptibility, clinical expression, and outcome. Objective: The present study was conducte...

The ethanolic extract of resinous sediment (EERS) of Etlingera elatior young inflorescence was examined for its anticancer effect and potential antioxidant activity. The anticancer effect of the EERS was evaluated on four human cancer cell lines, HCT 116, HT-29, Hela, and MCF-7, using the MTT assay. GC-MS analysis showed that the main components fo...

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of Hydroxychloroquine-based regimens versus standard treatment in patients with the coronavirus disease admitted in 2019 to a hospital in Saudi Arabia. A comparative observational study, using routine hospital data, was carried out in a large tertiary care hospital in Al Baha, Saudi Ara...

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in hospitals have long been shown to improve antimicrobials’ use and reduce the rates of antimicrobial resistance. However, their implementation in hospitals, especially in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia, remains low. One of the main barriers to implementation is the lack of knowledge of how to i...

Saudi hospitals and healthcare facilities are facing increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of new multi-drug resistant strains. This is placing an unprecedented threat to successful treatments and outcomes of patients accessing those facilities. The inappropriate use of antimicrobials is fueling this crisis, warranting urge...

Objectives There is a paucity of data describing the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) among older adults in Northern Nigeria. This study evaluates the prevalence and predictors of PIMs used among older adults attending outpatient clinics.Methods This cross-sectional study involved pat...

Background Aging is the irreversible change in the human physiology which occurs with the passage of time and it becomes very much critical to recommend drugs among the geriatrics patients because their body response is quite different. Objectives The purpose of the current study is to assess and evaluate the potentially inappropriate medications...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the agents which are commonly used to reduce the stomach acid production. These agents are the strong potent inhibitors of the acid secretion. PPIS are the very popularly sold drugs worldwide and especially the omeprazole is on the WHO model list of essential medicines The objective of the study is to assess and id...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the agents which are commonly used to reduce the stomach acid production. These agents are the strong potent inhibitors of the acid secretion. PPIS are the very popularly sold drugs worldwide and especially the omeprazole is on the WHO model list of essential medicines The objective of the study is to assess and id...

Background Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a complaint with often unidentified reasons. Some medications, including statins therapy, are anticipated to be amongst the reasons for PN. Aims This study intended to assess the association of peripheral neuropathy with statins therapy amongst Type 2 diabetic patients. Methods At Penang General Hospital,...

Introduction The evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of health care providers on the life-threatening drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and the implementation of specific interventions may enhance patients’ safety. The current study was designed to evaluate the KAP of healthcare providers (HCPs) on life-threatening DDIs using differen...

Nigeria achieved the leprosy elimination target in the year 2000. Data demonstrating the trend of leprosy in Nigeria during the post-elimination era is limited. This study evaluates the epidemiological trend of leprosy at a referral hospital in Nigeria using leprosy control indicators. A 15-year retrospective study involving new leprosy patients re...

Board certification is a voluntary process that confirms a pharmacist's capability, competency, education, skills, and proficiency beyond what is essential for licensure. This analysis was intended to investigate the prevalence of board-certified pharmacists in the Arab countries and compare the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) between Egypt, Sa...

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This policy establishes the criteria for identifying deceptive, fraudulent, and/or predatory journals for inclusion in Cabell's Blacklist. Cabell's Blacklist Review Board uses the following criteria to evaluate all journals suspected of deceptive, fraudulent, and/or predatory practices.

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Statins have impacts on the metabolism of glucose that might influence the progress of diabetes in nondiabetics or affect glycemic control in patients with existing diabetes. Experimental proof has been contradictory about whether some statins display beneficial properties while others indicate harmful impressions. Some systematic reviews of statin...

The objective of the current study is to assess the clinical experience in treatment of chronic HCV-diabetic patients with sofosbuvir based hepatitis regimens, to assess its' safety and efficacy on pa-tients' health, and in addition this study was also based to find out the decline rate of haemoglobin and platelets due to interferon + ribavirin, pe...

Aims: The study was intended to evaluate the association of cognitive impairment with statins therapy among diabetic outpatients. Methods: Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) was conducted for 280 cases in a cross-sectional study at Hospital Pulau Pinang. M-ACE score is 30, and the cut-off score for mild cognitive impairment is ≤ 21...

Aims: The study was intended to evaluate the association of cognitive impairment with statins therapy among diabetic outpatients. Methods Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) was conducted for 280 cases in a cross-sectional study at Hospital Pulau Pinang. MACE score is 30, and the cutoff score for mild cognitive impairment is ≤ 21 and ≤...

Background: Statins are recommended for cardiovascular protection for people with diabetes (high‑risk groups). This study aimed to evaluate the gap between the guidelines of statin utilization and clinical practice among outpatients with type 2 diabetes regarding the patient’s age and gender, to assess if this preventive drug is being satisfactoril...

Aims The study intended to investigate the impact of controlled glycemia on morbidity and estimated 10-year survival (ES-10Y). Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted at General Penang Hospital, Malaysia. Demographic criteria and laboratory tests of patients were investigated. Controlled glycemia (CG) was recognized as glycated hem...

Background Statins are recommended for cardiovascular protection for people with diabetes (high-risk groups). This study aimed to evaluate the gap between the guidelines of statin utilization and clinical practice among outpatients with type 2 diabetes regarding the patient's age and gender, to assess if this preventive drug is being satisfactorily...

Scopus Journal Index with Metrics

The total number of pages: 12 pages. Abstract words count: 299 words. Total number of word counts: 3385 words.

The growth in the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity among diabetic patients highlights the increasing worldwide liability, to evaluate the effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control on morbidity and estimated 10-year survival (ES-10Y). The study intended to investigate the impact of controlle...

Board certification is a voluntary process that confirms a pharmacist's capability, competency, education, skills, and proficiency beyond what is essential for licensure. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of board-certified pharmacists in the Arab countries and compare Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) between Egypt, Saudi Ara...

Abstract— Board certification is a voluntary process that confirms a pharmacist's capability, competency, education, skills, and proficiency beyond what is essential for licensure. This analysis was intended to investigate the prevalence of board-certified pharmacists in the Arab countries and compare the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) betwee...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in morbidity and estimated 10-year survival (ES-10Y). Research question is that: Does HbA1c control associated with high or low survival rate? METHODS: A cross-sectional study established at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia in October 2016-2017. Demographic criteria a...

OBJECTIVES: Dyslipidemia is one of the main hazard factors for cardiovascular disease (CV) in diabetes. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients can prevent risk for the atherogenic CV. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia among diabetic type 2 outpatients. METHODS: A cross-sectional stu...

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate the association between diabetic foot complications (DFCs) incidence and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) control among outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Research Question is that: Is there an association between uncontrolled glycemia (HbA1c% >7) and DFCs? METHODS: A cross-sectional study established at Hospital...

OBJECTIVES: Isolated hypertension (IH) is associated with profoundly increased cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. Isolated hypertension is a largely unrecognized subtype of hypertension. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) and Isolated Diastolic Hypertension (IDH) among outpatients...

OBJECTIVES: The worldwide epidemic of obesity largely explains the dramatic raise in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes over the past 20 years. Obesity increases the probability of progression of many common diabetic micro and macro-vascular complications among type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ob...

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the gap between the guidelines recommendations of statins prescribing and clinical practice among diabetic outpatients regarding the age and gender of patients, to evaluate if this preventive medication is being satisfactorily prescribed or not. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients <...

OBJECTIVES: This study was done to determine the effect of obesity on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Does obesity increase or decrease HbA1c% in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, in October 2016 – 2017.About 245...

OBJECTIVES: Low Dose Aspirin (LDA) is the cornerstone of secondary prevention in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Despite its established efficacy, it has a prime limitation arising from its gastric toxicity. The reason why some patients develop clinically significant toxicities while others develop no or minor toxicities is yet to be demystified. Th...

OBJECTIVES: This study was intended to determine the association between statins usage and diabetic eye complications (DECs) incidence among outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Research Question is that: Does statins therapy increase or decrease the prevalence of DECs among type 2 diabetic patients? METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted...

OBJECTIVES: The study was intended to evaluate the association of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with statins therapy among type 2 diabetic outpatients. Does statins therapy increase or decrease the MCI in diabetic outpatients? METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, in May–October 2017. Mini-Addenbrooke'...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with uncontrolled glycemia in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A retrospective study was involving 372 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who are having confirmed uncontrolled glycemia. Uncontrolled glycemia was defined as (Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >7% for patient...

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus causes micro and macro-vascular changes in the body, and this includes diabetic nephropathy. End-stage renal failure (ESRF) primarily induced by diabetes mellitus. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an actively approved parameter in determining the remaining renal function. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence...

OBJECTIVES: Persistent high blood pressure (BP) can increase the risk of a number of serious and potentially life-threatening conditions as cardiovascular diseases, strokes and kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of uncontrolled BP among type 2 diabetic outpatients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the en...

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to match the consequence of atorvastatin 40 mg/day and simvastatin 60 mg/day therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research question is that; Does high-intensity dose of atorvastatin 40 mg/day have the same effect of simvastatin 60 mg/day on HbA1c control? METHODS:...

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the association between statins use and peripheral neuropathy (PN) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research question is that: Does the use of statins associated with higher or lesser peripheral neuropathy incidence among diabetic patients? METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conduc...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of postgraduate qualification (PGQ) on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare providers toward statins utilization in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involved 200 pharmacists and physicians working in a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia, 2017. A...

OBJECTIVES: To validate the reliability of Malay version of the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) in Malaysian population to detect the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in comparison to M-ACE English version as gold standard. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involved 132 bilingual consenting patients was assessed using Ma...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) control on cognition in outpatients with type 2 diabetes in the endocrinology clinics at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, between February and September 2017. METHODS: The study is a prospective cohort study, where 179 patients with uncontrolled glycemia (UCG) and 101 patients with c...

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a questionnaire to detect the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacists and physicians towards statins use in the management of dyslipidemia among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pulau Pinang Hospital, Malaysia, 2016. METHODS: The questionnaire was constructed based on an extensive literature revie...

OBJECTIVES: Despite insufficient evidence to support the safety and efficacy of cough and cold (CAC) products in pediatrics, these are frequently used to relieve CAC symptoms.The objective of this study is to assess the perceived practice of community pharmacists and their comfort level towards dispensing of CAC products in pediatric patient in les...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists and physicians towards statins utilization in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done at Penang General Hospital, from January to July, Malaysia, 2017. About 200 healthcare providers were enrolled using a pre-tested and validated question...

Psychiatric disorders such as depression are widespread, often undiagnosed, and usually untreated. The identification of predisposing and precipitating factors with the help of depression screening tools can help to devise the patient care plan. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the levels of depression among the geriatric population sta...

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys are widely used to gather information for planning public health programs in the countries. KAP study assists as an educational diagnosis of the community. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of healthcare team about statins usage in outpatients with Type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH QUES...

INTRODUCTION: Rapid accumulation and toxicity of metabolites can be developed if drugs dosages are not adjusted in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). This study was considered to estimate the prevalence of optimal simvastatin dosing in chronic kidney diseases, elderly, or/and concomitant amlodipine. RESEARCH QUESTION OR HYPOTHESIS: Null h...

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is the harm of mental capability severe enough to interfere with normal activities of daily living, and not concomitant with a loss or change of consciousness. The impact of statins on dementia progress has not been well investigated in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the effect of statins on dementia development among...

INTRODUCTION: Major depression is a debilitating illness and has become a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. One in every three adults in Malaysia is grappling with mental health issues, whether they realize it or not. RESEARCH QUESTION OR HYPOTHESIS: The objective of the study is to determine the beliefs and attitudes toward depression among t...

The management of diabetic dyslipidaemia (DDM) remains a major challenge for physicians, as an array of lipid abnormalities characterizes it. The study aimed to compare the awareness of physicians in different specialties towards statins usage in DDM. A cross-sectional study was done at tertiary care hospital, Malaysia, January-July 2017. About 157...

Dyslipidaemia is one of the prominent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular disease is also the leading cause of death in Malaysia. The study conducted to compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice of females and males about statin utilization in diabetic dyslipidaemia therapy. A crosssectional study was done at Penang Ge...

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), cholesterol management guidelines, stressed global cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction as opposed to targeting low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, emphasized the use of statins lowered the risk of CV diseases. The study intended to compare the knowledge, at...

STATINS DAMAGE EFFECTS: My uncle suffers from diabetic dyslipidemia. Doctor prescribed statins for him. Statins are the best medication for dyslipidemia treatment. Dyslipidemia is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. After one year of receiving a statin, my uncle suffered from many problems. He can't remember and recall easily. He forget...

The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) is a sensitive and specific instrument for the detection of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. While the first version of the test tool has been adapted in various countries, its mini version has not adapted in Malaysia. The study aims to translate and adapt the MACE for use in the Malaysian...

Introduction: The literature of drug‑drug interaction (DDI)‑related uncontrolled glycemia (UCG) among outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is still limited. Aims: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence, mechanism, severity, causality, and preventability of DDI‑induced UCG (HbA1c >7%) in outpatients with Type 2 diabetes. Settings a...

INTRODUCTION: An estimated US$ 500 million is spent annually in Malaysia on traditional and complementary medicines, including herbal products. Yet, little is known about the factors influencing such spending. OBJECTIVES: To examine the factors influencing consumers' spending on herbal products in Malaysia. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional...

Background: The UK Version C (2014) of Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) is a very sensitive and specific tool for the detection of cognition impairment. It is particularly useful in differentiating mild cognitive impairment from dementia. OBJECTIVES: To validate the reliability of the Malay (2016) version of MACE for detecting cogni...

INTRODUCTION: The emergence of superbugs and bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem worldwide. This circumstance is an alarming to public health globally in the 21st Century. Thus, public knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic usage play an important role in the success of treatment process and prevent from antibiotic resistanc...

INTRODUCTION: The emergence of superbugs and bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem worldwide. This circumstance is an alarming to public health globally in the 21st Century. Thus, public knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic usage play an important role in the success of treatment process and prevent from antibiotic resistanc...

Text: INTRODUCTION: Cataract is the leading cause of poor vision and blindness worldwide. The effects of statin administration on cataract remain unclear.

Board certification is a volunteer procedure that approves a pharmacist's competency, education, and proficiency above what is fundamental for licensure. The analysis aims to know what is the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) more needed in the Arab countries? A cross-sectional study to determine and analysis the prevalence of Board certified pha...

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20–74 years. DR classified as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth furthermost common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment. A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of DR, and the effect of statins on the DR,...

Oral Presentation

Abstract Presentation

Oral presentation

Non-adherence to medication is potentially one of the most serious problems facing diabetes care delivery, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. Patients fail to accomplish adequate glycemic control, which leads tothe enhanced progress of complications and increased mortality.A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the prevalence of uncont...

Background: Smoking is a major public health problem in Malaysia. Community pharmacists are the potential candidates to help the smokers to quit smoking by counseling and educating them. Objective: To determine the perception and perceived barriers in conducting the smoking cessation counseling among the community pharmacists in Shah Alam, Malaysia...

The effect of statins dose intensity (SDI) on glycemic control in patients with existing diabetes is unclear. Also, there are many contradictory findings were reported in the literature; thus, it is limiting the possibility to draw conclusions. This project was designed to compare the effect of SDI on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) control in outpati...

This study aims to characterize the board certification process starting from the motivation, preparation procedures and obstacles that faced the applicants. Moreover, determining the impact of the certification on the personal, professional, financial level and heath outcome is also addressed. A survey was designed on three sections. About 235 Egy...

INTRODUCTION: The enormous number of preventable annual deaths due to medical errors and the growing complexity of healthcare make patient safety (PS) a top-priority. Teaching PS at the undergraduate level can be a gateway for improving PS culture in any community. However, there are, to our knowledge, no published studies that evaluate the current...

A prospective study of uncontrolled glycaemia secondary to drug- drug interactions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Penang general hospital in Malaysia. Mohamed Anwar Hammad, Sr, M.Pharm.1, Balamurugan Tangiisuran, Sr, M.Pharm., PhD2 Noorizan Abd El Aziz, Sr, Pharm.D.2, Yahaya Hassan, Sr, Pharm.D.2 ; (1) Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid Univer...

Asthma is a chronic disease of airways; that is widely characterized by an increased responsiveness to a large variety of stimuli, airway inflammation and obstruction. Responsiveness to the treatment of asthma is good but sometimes resistance develops, and variability in symptoms also occurs due to the limited therapy adherence and awareness of pat...

Asthma is a chronic disease of airways; that is widely characterized by an increased responsiveness to a large variety of stimuli, airway inflammation and obstruction. Responsiveness to the treatment of asthma is good but sometimes resistance develops, and variability in symptoms also occurs due to the limited therapy adherence and awareness of pat...

Background Generic medicines are introduced to the market after the expiry of the patented innovator medicine. Being usually sold at lower prices compared to branded medicines, they may provide a low-cost alternative for consumers. In Malaysia, where there is no Medicines Price Control Policy, it is not known if pharmacy profits differ between gene...

Introduction: The effect of statins dose intensity on glycemic control in patients with already existing diabetes is unclear, as conflicting findings were reported, thus limiting the possibility to draw conclusions. Objective: to compare the effect of statins dose intensity (SDI) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) control in type 2 diabetic outpatient...

60. A prospective study of prevalence of uncontrolled glycaemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients. Mohamed A. Hammad, MPharm., BCPS, Ph.D. Candidate1,*, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, MPharm., Ph.D.1 , Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Pharm.D.1, Nor Azizah Aziz, MD, Dip. Int. Med, MRCP2, Yasmin Elsobky, BCPS, MSc, PGDipBiostat Candidate3; (1) Clinical Phar...

Introduction: Rapid accumulation and toxicity can be developed if drugs dosages are not adjusted in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of correct dosing in chronic kidney diseases depending on renal function estimation. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study involving patients in medical...

Background: The literature about drug-drug interactions (DDIs) related uncontrolled glycemia among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is still limited. Objective: To identify the prevalence, mechanism, severity, causality, and preventability of drug-drug interactions induce uncontrolled glycemia in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:...

PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTICS DOSAGE ADJUSTMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE AT ASEER HOSPITAL Syed Sulaiman S. A.1, Mohamed Noor D. A.1, Mohamed A. Hammad1, Khaled M. Al- Akhali2, Ashwag M. Alasmri3, Eman M. Al-Ahmari3, Enas M, Mossa3, Nada M. AlGahtani3 1Universiti Sains Malaysia, pharmacy school, department of clinical...