Mohamed A. Eno

• PhD Social Studies, MA TESOL, International Master of Business Administration (IMBA), PgDip. ELT in HE, PgDip. TESOL
• Executive President of USS at 1. University of Southern Somalia 2. Hakaba Institute for Research & Training 3. St Clements University

Language is the primary vehicle writers use to present their views in the ideological transactions they have with their audience over a particular subject matter. However, a variety of other factors such as context, social environment, creative imagination, ideology, style, critical outlook, and mastery of the medium influence the writer's work. Al...

Kingdom of the Heartless presents an anthology of poems that explores and analyzes different aspects of the attitude of everyday African society. It discusses an intersection of the political plague in the continent, social reaction to the anomalies, greed, animosity, malfeasance, tribalism/clannism, pathetic leadership, child soldier, wars, and in...

This is a chapter in The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes, to be released soon in 2024.

Restaurants, as small-scale enterprises in the foodservice industry, play an important role in society. Whether in youth employment or making meal available for members of the society, these businesses make a significant contribution to society in several ways. Yet, the challenges facing such outlets are various and need to be brought to attention...

In Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, most restaurants are owned or operated by men, and most of the workers are also men; yet, at the domestic/household level, women are attributed to exceptional expertise in cooking and all other matters related to the kitchen. However, to participate in entrepreneurship in the food industry, especially in cookin...

Literature is one of the most creative areas of study. Its width covers disciplines across philosophy, science fiction, mythology, culture and beyond. Using the hip-hop mode of self-praise, this literary essay explores how narrative can engage with scientific subjects. It attempts to portray how the creative art or literature has no boundaries when...

This new follow-up study confirms that CFM phone lines are not reliably answered, raising critical questions about the quality of CFMs and whether they are indeed fit for purpose. Of great concern, the study found that women reported personal knowledge of threats or reprisals occurring after complaints were attempted or made with 25 percent of wome...

This study explores the prevalence of incomplete exclusive breastfeeding (IEBF) in the district city of Baidoa in Bay Region, SWSS. The aim of the study is to get insights into the practice and prevalence of incomplete exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, especially a group selected from women who visit Darussalam MCH center. A mixed methods desi...

This paper presents findings of pioneer fieldwork on social work (SW) in the context of Somali Studies, particularly social work education and research in the Southwest State of Somalia (SWSS). It explores the role the University of Southern Somalia has taken as the leading higher education institution in the SWSS and its inspiration to introduce S...

From clan-based politics in the years leading to independence to clan-shaped legislature and clan-oriented cabinets in the civilian governments following independence, military dictatorship and malfeasance dominated 1970s and 1980s Somalia. Early in 1991, the country became swamped in a clan-based civil war that crumbled state structures and the pu...

We are in the midst of epochal crises of self, society, culture, and civilizations now which call for new social, cultural, and spiritual movements. This calls for new movements of thinking, being, and consciousness. It also calls for creating new knowledge of creative experiments in self, society, culture, and the world. Pluriverse of Creativity b...

Somalia is a nation resuscitating from the depth of the mother of all crisis: a protracted civil war that has left a legacy of statelessness, poor governance, unaccountability, and all sorts of poor public services that affect the sectors of health and education, among others. Upon the collapse of the military regime of Siad Barre in 1991, private...

This study examines the problem of unemployment in Baidoa city, the capital of Bay region in the Southwest State of Somalia. The results indicate that the root causes of unemployment among the youth are corruption, tribalism, lack of skills, inadequate education, and poor economy. The findings further reveal that the problem of unemployment, which...

This study explores the problems facing ethnically marginalized groups in the Lower Shabelle region of the South West State of Somalia. It focuses on these groups because of their voicelessness within wider Somali society and the ethnicity-based social, political, economic and academic marginalization they undergo. The study highlights the nature o...

ABSTRCT: Globalization is a reality that affects our lives on every day basis and in multiple ways. Scholars of globalization believe that the world is better off globalized than exist in units of nations or geographical entities whose interactions can be limited by national borders. However, critical observers argue that globalization is not evenl...

Focusing on students who consistently sit at the same place throughout the academic year, we discovered that choices vary from one reason to another and even from one situation to the other, hence disagreeing with the dominant perception that back-row sitters have undesirable intentions for selecting their location inside the classroom. Interviews...

The use of time as a poetic trope or metaphor in prose narrative has a long history. From ancient Greeks, Romans, Arabians to the contemporary scene of postcolonial era, time has been employed as a central theme of many poetic works. Some of these poems are created with a particular focus on time—in real, mythical or in metaphorical settings. Discu...

There is credible evidence in the literature on the prominence of English language as the most popular global medium. The manifold of roles it assumes in international trade, and its dominance in the global financial and business transactions, testify to the dominance of the British colonial legacy across the universe. Moreover, the enduring nature...

This study discusses the benefits of remedial teaching to poor performers or 'at risk' students in an English as a Second/Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) classroom. It presents a case of remedial teaching to a group of 21 intermediate level students in a technical vocational training institution in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The learners are all ma...

The global shift towards the realization of effective communication in English and the need to empower prospective participants of the opportunities in the world marketplace and in the academic arena make knowledge of English a prerequisite tool. To satisfy the increasing demand, qualified personnel in ESL/EFL pedagogy becomes essential in helping...

Although a great paucity exists in scholarly studies on education in Somalia, the scarcity is more evident in the English studies area, particularly English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) (used interchangeably in this study), where almost none had existed until Mohamed Eno’s MA TESOL Dissertation in 2005 and his r...

Abstract This study investigates students‘ perceptions of learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Specifically, it aims to obtain students‘ views of what they consider as their areas of weakness among the four communication skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening. It also seeks to understand their perceptions concerning the quality...

This study investigates students‘ perceptions of learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Specifically, it aims to obtain students‘ views of what they consider as their areas of weakness among the four communication skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening. It also seeks to understand their perceptions concerning the quality of the in...

Although scholars of Somali Studies have engaged themselves in examining the Somali society from several perspectives, colonial and early Somali writers mainly observed the Somali people as homogenous, egalitarian and nomadic pastoral. Themes on multi-ethnicity, multiculturalism, and linguistic diversity were ignored as topics that sully the myth o...

As was the case with many newly independent African nations, Somalia was beset by a language problem whose complexity had begun well before independence and the unification of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland in 1960. With three languages (English, Arabic, and Italian) used as media of communication in government offices and in schools, va...

Sociological research on inequality has increasingly moved beyond the examination of inequalities as they presumably exist to explore the generic narrative processes that perpetuate that inequality. Unfortunately, however, this research remains concentrated on either individual or ideological grand narratives and ignores the fact that the work narr...

A Maay Somali folktale goes that Wiineey Rooble, a young female, was so obsessed with folk dance that she would travel long distances, no matter how late the hours of the night, to attend one of such events of entertainment. In this particular episode, she was woken up in the middle of the night by the faint sound of singers very distant. She sneak...

Compared to the few public higher education institutions in the prewar era, postwar Somalia boasts a large number of academic institutions at the tertiary level, mainly as privately owned universities. Although these community-initiated academic establishments are making tremendous contributions to the higher education sector, particularly in the a...

Based on in-depth oral interviews carried out in Mogadishu,Somalia, and countries neighboring Somalia in 2009 and 2013,our purpose in this study is to map the nature of prejudice and hate discourse used by Somalis against the Bantu Jareer and the Yibir, Gabooye, and Tumaal communities in Somalia. The hate discourse used against the Yibir, Gabooye,...

Although the US and its Western allies had long relationship with Africa in various categories of aid and development, China’s recent entry into the Dark Continent caused huge displeasure to the traditional donors. The Asian giant’s economic investment in Africa was so huge that it engaged scholars to analyze the trend from various perspectives inc...

Ever since the arrival of colonialism gained momentum in the country, Somali literature has been approached narrowly from the tutelage of the pastoral culture. Colonial as well as early Somali writers have taken the comfort of disdaining the study of anthological themes related to the non-nomadic cultures and literatures. That restricted notion of...

Indeed, a depiction of angst is not only inutile indulgence, but ignores the historical role of the populace. Here, once again, we reiterate our sincere belief in the strength of an amalgamation of popular and intellectual forces in the [continent], as unity of action and purpose is sorely needed at this juncture of [African] history. – Ali Jimale...

In order to understand the dialectics of education in Somalia, particularly at the levels of primary and secondary studies, it behooves us to shed some light on the background: the traditional Qur’anic school where the task of conventional learning starts. The reason for this is, before formal school learning, the Somali child undergoes a tradition...

Certain proponents of slavery in the Islamic world assert that slaves exported from East Africa to the Arabian Peninsula or areas under Arabian domain within Africa were in fact acquired not for agricultural economic purposes but rather for domestic labor. According to some scholars, this facilitated the integration of former slaves more thoroughly...

The lyrical corpora in this collection cover a broad range of issues intersecting through Africa’s agonies during the Atlantic Slavery and in the New World, colonial exploitation and post-colonial political mismanagement by corrupt elite who took over the leadership and drove the highly aspirant peoples of the continent into metamorphic layers of d...

Discussing past societal evils such as inequality, marginalization and oppression experienced at early age takes you to a hideous memorial archive of what have for a long duration been masses of unhealed, torturous psychological wounds. The unforgettable emotional experiences remain so vivid that the wounds keep suppurating recurrently with incurab...

The failure to establish a functioning government and put an end to the violence in Somalia over the past 18 years suggests the warring parties do not want to change the status quo and that the international community does not fully understand some of the underlying causes of the hostilities. If the problem has not been clearly defined, any strateg...

For a long period of time, a general belief has reigned in the academic and non-academic circles that Somalis are an extremely exceptional people, in that theirs is a homogeneous society composed of men and women from one eponymous father from Arabia, celebrating monoculturality, monolinguality as well as monotheologicality! In the background of al...