Mohamed Anifa Mohamed Fowsar

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Mohamed Anifa verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• BA (Hons), MA, Dip. in HRPS
• Academic at South Eastern University of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka saw an unprecedented degree of anti-Muslim sentiment followed by violence perpetrated by certain extremist elements in recent years. This article primarily examines the implications of anti-Muslim violence that occurred from Aluthgama to Digana and the causes behind the violence. The article shows that anti-Muslim sentiment is manifested...

Modern scientific and technological changes have enabled online education as an integral part of the education system in the contemporary world. Although online learning system was influential in the pre-Covid 19 periods to a certain extent, it has become an inevitable part of the teaching and learning process of higher education sectors during the...

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world to varying degrees. Moreover, different regions of the world have tried to combat the disease in a variety of ways. Since the beginning of the pandemic in Wuhan, China, the world has been looking in particular at South and Southeast Asia, where great successes were initially achieved in 2020. In 2021, ho...

This article examines Sri Lanka's environmental concerns from a political perspective. The environmental crisis is a prominent topic in contemporary political discourse, as a healthy environment is essential to the existence of human beings worldwide. Sri Lanka, a tropical island in South Asia known for its ecological features, has not emphasised e...

This chapter reviews the Eastern Muslim identity formation. We discuss the distinct socio-cultural traits and political dynamics that have contributed immensely to developing Eastern Muslim identity consciousness, which in turn has contributed to wider Sri Lankan Muslim identity formation. Muslim identity consciousness solidified in Eastern Sri Lan...

This paper examines the dynamics of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). It briefly explains their historical evolution and analyzes the constitutional provisions and institutional framework under which they function. Their challenges, successes and prospects are also discussed. In the Indian context, PRIs have evolved into highly functional, consti...

Although Sri Lanka made attempts to adopt policies of decentralization and democratic governance to enhance citizens’ trust, the efforts had yielded very little success. As such, this study attempts to assess the level of citizens’ trust in public institutions in the eastern province of Sri Lanka and explores the factors contributing to the decline...

Enhancing e-service facilities to the citizens would make it easy for them to access various government and private services. It has currently become an essential aspect of the evolution of public administration. All governments, including those of third world countries, are now trying to improve their e-service delivery. E-service delivery is one...

This study aims to identify the factors preventing the state from responding in a manner that will avoid future conflict in post-civil war Sri Lanka. After the government ended the separatist struggle of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by bringing the civil war to an end in May 2009, the protracted and destructive 30-year war presented...

Regional and international mediation by third parties in Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict have had diverse impacts on the country’s political scene at various times. India spearheaded a significant regional mediation following the July 1983 pogrom against minority Tamils. An international mediation effort by a third party was initiated in 2000, with Nor...

Muslim converts are living with several problems after the conversion, and they are disowned and separated by their original relatives. Muslims by birth call Muslim converts as 'Moula-Islam' which is keeping off them as a different segment. The aim of this research is, therefore, to identify the problems faced by Muslim converts in Anuradhapura dis...

The fishing community is mainly dependent on the harvest of fisheries resources to meet their social and economic needs. More than two million people in Sri Lanka are directly or indirectly dependent on the exploitation of fisheries resources. The wage labourers who are engaged in fishing are severely impacted by poverty even though they make a sig...

This article generally focuses on the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) which are essential to restore sustainable peace in the post-war scenario. The DDR is one of the significant aspects of the process of post-war peacebuilding. In most of the cases, this process has implemented with the assistance of foreign governme...

Sri Lanka is home to multi-cultural communities. It is the responsibility of the people across various religions, and communities to develop and maintain harmony with each other. Historically, the Sri Lankan Muslims and Sinhala Buddhists had an excellent relationship. Recently, the ethnic harmony between these two communities has been strained refl...

Sri Lanka came to the international limelight through the backdrop of its undesirable war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) that lasted over three decades. The LTTE was formed as a social force, and then it transformed as a leading armed movement to forward their decades-long quest to set up a Tamil homeland in Sri Lanka. The gove...

The Chinese model of development is a grand global strategy for achieving the Chinese dream through existing foreign policy. China - Sri Lanka bilateral relations have proved to be of increasingly prominent regional and global significance. The paper tries to examine the state of the China - Sri Lanka economic relationship in the context of the Chi...

Local autonomy is a fundamental principle in the Indian Constitution. However, the implementation of local autonomy has not been consistent, and many challenges remain yet to be addressed. This paper analyses the evolution of local autonomy in India and discusses the social and political factors that have shaped the development of this concept in I...

The rapid development of communication technology has made it an indispensable part of human life. Practically all humans have become consumers of communication technology, whether they like it or not. Today the Internet, computer, mobile phone, etc. have become essential tools of the human race. These tools engage human thought and activity and pl...

The connection between politics and economics is very close. The political economy emerged as a result of this close interdependence. Political economy is seen not only as an academic field but also as a matter of great practical importance. Political economy has a significant impact on the structure and movement of today's state system. Countries...

Political ideology is a construct that occupies an important place in the study of political science. Ideology plays a significant role not only in political studies but also in the regulation of practical politics. Though its application in politics has a very long history, it gained prominence only in the twentieth century. Ideologies evolved in...

Researches are necessary for us to find out more about the world we live in and the hidden truths in it. The research fits in broadly into the two major categories of natural science research and social science research, depending on the subject that is being studied. Natural sciences cover natural phenomena, and social sciences study social phenom...

Many observers view the defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in May 2009 as a significant turning point in the protracted ethnic conflict that was troubling Sri Lanka. The armed struggle and the consequences of war have encouraged the state and society to address the group rights of ethnic minorities and move forward towards state...

Many observers view the defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in May 2009 as a significant turning point in the protracted ethnic conflict that was troubling Sri Lanka. The armed struggle and the consequences of war have encouraged the state and society to address the group rights of ethnic minorities and move forward towards state...

This study aims to analyze the strong state of Sri Lanka that emerged after the civil war during the regime of Mahinda Rajapaksa. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was the leading Tamil militant social force, which was waging war against the government to form a separate state in the northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka. The governme...

Human rights are the lifeblood of human existence. Without these, man cannot live a civilized life. Human rights are fundamental to the meaning of human life because without it no individual will be able to live with dignity and in freedom as a part of society. This is why human rights are of national and international importance. Whether they like...

Religious or social issue based on internal conflicts are a fairly common occurrence within the Muslim community. There are also issues like poverty, social problems, and men and women migrating abroad for work, which frequently has a disruptive effect on family life. Muslim authors have written about such real-life dramas that portray subtle senti...

Local democracy is a popular concept that is most applicable at the grassroots level. If the local government has a strong standing in local democracy, it can legitimately claim to play a significant and distinctive role in the central government. Against this backdrop, this study attempts to analyse the function of local democracy in Kalmunai Muni...

The term mechanisation of paddy agriculture denotes that mechanical power is used in agriculture instead of human and animal power, which is totally diminished today. Paddy agriculture plays an important role in the Sri Lankan economy where rice is the staple food of the country. Ampara district in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka contributes to the n...

The Chinese model of development is a grand global strategy for achieving the Chinese dream through existing foreign policy. China-Sri Lanka bilateral relations have proved to be of increasingly prominent regional and global significance. The paper tries to examine the state of the China-Sri Lanka economic relationship in the context of the Chinese...

Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict, which has a long history, began as a political confrontation after the country obtained independence from British rule in 1948. By the early 1970s several armed groups had evolved and subsequently civil unrest flared up with violent incidents beginning to take place in the Northern and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka. In the...

Sri Lanka's civil war resulted in the most massive displacement of people in the recent history of the South Asian region. Hundreds of thousands of people were displaced internally while many fled the country as refugees. During the war internal displacement occurred predominantly in the war-torn Northern and Eastern provinces of the country. From...

Increasing women's political representation is seen as an essential first step towards achieving the goal of equal and lasting participation of women in politics. However, in developing countries such as Sri Lanka, the role of women in governance and decision making is minimal at all levels. Thus, this study focuses on determining whether the recen...

It analysis the local democratic crisis in the Batticaloa Municipality.

It analysis 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Plan and its impact on China - Sri Lanka relations

The issue of citizen's trust in public institutions has received a great deal of attention by analysts and professionals. It is noteworthy that more studies are being conducted on this matter globally. However, there are very few formal studies on the institutional trust of citizens in the Sri Lankan context. Thus, it is necessary to make some theo...

Sri Lanka has a plural society with religiously and linguistically diverse ethnic communities. Muslims, the second-largest ethnic minority living in scattered groups across the country, have always had a close relationship with the majority Sinhalese in the South and minority Tamils in the North and East. Despite this close relationship, minor conf...

The migration took off after the July 1983 violence directed against the Tamil populace. The war between the Tamil rebels and the government of Sri Lanka too escalated dramatically from then on and lasted more than three decades. Most of the refugees fled to New Zealand, Canada and certain countries of Western Europe where they were welcome. These...

Studies on democracy and governance in Sri Lanka have been carried out from various perspectives. Some studies have approached this from a scholarly perspective and some from a political perspective. Each of these studies has focused on a related but different topic like the legal issues pertaining to political institutions, formal regime change, t...

இலங்கையின் இரண்டாவது சிறுபான்மை தேசிய இனமான முஸ்லிம்கள் மிக நீண்டகால அரசியல் வரலாற்றினைக் கொண்டவர்கள். காலனித்துவ காலத்தில் மத, கலாசார மறுமலர்ச்சியுடன் ஆரம்பித்த முஸ்லிம் அரசியல், இலங்கையின் சுதந்திரத்திற்குப ; பிற்பாடு சிங்கள பௌத்த தேசியத்துடனும் தமிழ் தேசியத்துடனும் இரண்டறக் கலந்திருந்தது. இருந்தபோதிலும் 1980 களுக்குப் பின்னர் இலங்கையின் வடக்கு,...

Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict has a long history. The ethnopolitical conflict originated in the early part of the twentieth century when the country was under British rule. The political disagreements that arose between the Sinhala and Tamil leaders during the 1930s sharpened the conflict. Later, the ethnic conflict gradually developed into a struggl...

Research plays a significant role in the development of human sciences. The potential for the growth of human knowledge can only be realized through research. The process of research has been ongoing since the beginning of human history. The research efforts take place in a variety of ways, and research has reached a stage of remarkable growth in t...

Local government is the third tier of government in modern states and it is significant by the service it provides and important for the working of democracy at grassroots level. It is basically a decentralized political unit and expected to be a viable institution to deliver public services to ordinary citizens at their own constituencies. In Sri...

After the end of civil war in 2009, majoritarian hegemonic rule was apparently visualized in Sri Lanka’s politics, which led to the emergence of extremist ethno-religious forces such as Bodu Bala Sena (BBS) and Sinhala Ravaya (SR). This type of ethnocratic politics deteriorated the political strength of ethnic minorities of Sri Lanka. In this conte...

This paper reviews the behaviouralism in the context of its origin and decline as a new tradition emerged in political science research.

This paper analysis the phenomena of militarization in in politics of South Asia with special reference to Pakistan and secondary data were employed for this study.

Sri Lanka, a small island in the Indian Ocean is situated at the foot of the South Asian subcontinent and it is a home for plural society. The civil war in Sri Lanka, which came to an end with the military defeat of the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in May 2009 amid large civilian casualties, has been opened new window for ethn...

This paper attempts to review different discourses of Sinhala Buddhist nationalism in Sri Lanka based on secondary materials.

This study reviews ancient politics of Muslims in Eastern Sri Lanka based on secondary materials.

Over the recent past, there has been an increasing importance of managing civil conflicts with the involvement of international actors such as individual states, regional and international multilateral organizations (Regan 2002). In Sri Lanka, there had been an unprecedented close international involvement in the fifth peace process right from its...

This paper examines the Indian intervention in Sri Lanka's conflict resolution attempts based on secondary materials.