Mohamad Saiful Sulaiman

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Mohamad Saiful verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Master of Science
• Senior Lecturer at University of Technology Sarawak

Kenaf seeds are considered to be one of the underutilised biomaterials generates from kenaf industry. These kenaf seeds contain essential nutrients, including dietary fibre, protein, fat, carbohydrate and phytocompounds. Consequently, they have attracted the attention of many researchers. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking treatment...

Due to the need for sustainable and cost-effective aquaculture feed solutions, waste products are being studied as fish feed alternatives. Moreover, considering the environmental concerns and the depletion of fishmeal resources, agricultural residues, industrial by-products, and organic waste are being investigated as feed ingredients. Scopus and V...

Utilising waste materials from food and agricultural facilities for the production of animal feed is a viable and environmentally-friendly practice. This endeavour serves as a resolution to address the problem of the volatile increase in the cost of animal feed. In order to align with the animal's growth, the animal feed for this sensible initiativ...

The coconut coir fiber is a green and sustainable material from the coconut processing process. The composite fabrication using renewable material can reduce the use of polymers and other materials, thereby contributing to environmental protection. The study investigated the morphological and mechanical properties of a composite comprising coconut...

The morphological properties, tensile and flexural strength of composite materials made of bamboo fibres and plastic were investigated. Bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) were made from bamboo fibres, plastic, and urea formaldehyde (UF) resin to evaluate the effects on mechanical properties. Two different types of plastics, namely polypropylene (PP)...

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in precision agriculture represents a transformative advancement in optimizing crop management and yield. This narrative article examines the role of AI technologies in enhancing agricultural practices by analyzing recent developments in AI-driven tools and methods. The review synthesizes findings fro...

The worldwide demand for sustainable livestock production has generated heightened interest in employing agricultural waste materials as alternative feed sources with the objective of improving resource efficiency and reducing environmental impact. Notwithstanding increasing research, a thorough assessment of publication trends, principal themes, a...

The price volatility of tilapia fish's feed in the market is strongly positively associated with its price increase. Thus, a possible approach is to generate food for from agricultural waste materials. Hence, this work aimed to generate TGF from black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), defatted kenaf seed (DKS), and broken rice (BR), with the primary objec...

The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilised to identify the optimal processing parameters for the production of kenaf seeds milk MH8234 (KSM) with the highest possible crude protein content–CP (%). The independent variables considered in the BBD were soaking time (150, 255, and 360)min, soaking water temperature (30, 60, and 90)oC, grinding water tem...

The study explores the interaction between Hallyu and the Halal food industry, focusing on the unique opportunities and challenges that arise from their convergence. Theoretical framework: The study employs a multidisciplinary theoretical framework that draws from cultural studies, international business, and consumer behavior. Soft power diplomacy...

This study delves into the properties of young Bambusa vulgaris and the fabrication of a bamboo/LDPE plastic composite, exploring their potential applications. Young bamboo, known for its rapid growth, strength, and versatility, emerges as an eco-friendly alternative as a raw material for engineered products. The study further integrates Low-Densit...

Bamboo is one of the most abundant non-timber forest resources in tropical evergreen areas. The culm wall of bamboo is represented in various sizes as indicated densely. It has an extensive variety of uses in handicrafts, furniture, and other traditional purposes. Nowadays, it is widely used in composite panels, construction structural, medical, an...

The morphological properties, tensile and flexural strength of composite materials made of bamboo fibres and plastic were investigated. Bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) were made from bamboo fibres, plastic, and urea formaldehyde (UF) resin to evaluate the effects on mechanical properties. Two different types of plastics, namely polypropylene (PP)...

The bamboo industry is a growing industry that offers various opportunities for both producers and consumers. The global market for bamboo reached USD59.3 billion in 2021. The bamboo industry provides numerous opportunities for the rural communities in Malaysia especially in Sarawak in terms of employment, income generation, and sustainable develop...

Engineered wood products (EWP) have gained popularity and recognition in Malaysia's construction industry. These products refer to a category of wood products that are manufactured by bonding or combining wood strands, veneers, or fibers with adhesives to create a stronger and more stable material compared to solid wood. In Malaysia, the use of EWP...

Wood is an essential material for various uses, particularly in the building construction industry. Even though there are many substitute material available such as iron, steel, concrete and plastic, wood is still considered as indispensable since the substitute materials are incompletely satisfactory in the sense of artistically and challengin...

Wood biofuel pellets are a type of biomass fuel made from compressed wood particles, such as sawdust, wood chips, or other wood waste materials. These materials are compressed under high pressure to form dense, compacted pellets that can be burned as a source of energy. Wood biofuel pellets offer several benefits to rural communities. Wood biofuel...

This paper examined properties that focussed on the microphotographs structure, physical properties, and mechanical characterization of the heat-treated 10-year-old cultivated Tectona grandis wood. The harvested wood was subjected to the heat treatment process at 160°C, 200°C, and 240°C for two hours in an electrically powered oil heat-treatment...

Recent studies have explored the potential of using polymer and natural resources such as kenaf fiber to create new bio-composite materials with strong mechanical properties. To investigate this further, the hot press has been used for fabrication to create a bio-renewable kenaf fiber plastic composite (KFPC) with a polymer-to-fiber ratio of 30%, 5...

This study was carried out to develop a plant-based milk from kenaf seed and soybean. The production of this product involved the process of soaking, grinding, filtration, mixing according to the ratio of formulation , alkalinisation and pasteurisation. The physicochemical properties: (physical analyses: colour analysis, total soluble solids and pH...

Rattan is a cellulosic material from a non-timber forest product that has become the predominant commodity in the tropical country. Rattan is often associated with luxury items, commonly used as a material for basketry, furniture and handicrafts. The processing of rattan into furniture and related products generates about 40-50% waste. This study e...

The effects of temperature on

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of an oil heat treatment process on the physical and mechanical properties of the 10 and 15-year-old cultivated Tectona grandis wood. All the wood specimens typically possess the sapwood having lighter colour than the dark colour heartwood, and turning these woods into products at this stage results...

The characterizations of composite boards made from two grass family of Gigantochloa scortechinii and Themeda arguens were investigated. The two species were harvested at their respective matured ages. They were segregated, cut and chipped into smaller pieces, and mixed at five different ratios. They were later mixed thoroughly and bonded together...

This paper reviews converting wood-related waste materials from forestry, wood-based industry, and agriculture activities into other value-added products such as bio-energy, construction materials, agricultural compost, and handicraft application. The wood waste, however, needs to be processed before it can be utilized. The information obtained is...

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of an oil heat treatment process on the physical and mechanical properties of the 10 and 15-year-old cultivated Tectona grandis wood. All the wood specimens typically possess the sapwood having lighter colour than the dark colour heartwood, and turning these woods into products at this stage results...

As a cellulosic non-wood material, rattan is commonly associated with luxury items and used as a material for wicker, craft, and furniture manufacturing. During the processing of rattan for furniture and related products, these activities generated approximately 40-50% of waste. For sustainability development in this industry, the stages of the rat...

The Centre of Excellence in Wood Engineered Products (CeWEP) established in early 2017 aimed in making Sarawak the hup of the downstream industry especially for the planted timber species. Wood engineered products generally produced by binding the strands, particles, fibres, veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives to form composite mater...

This chapter focused on the anatomical structures and microstructures of a three (3) year-old tropical bamboo species Gigantochloa scortechinii. The bamboo culms were randomly selected and felled from forest bamboo stands managed by the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), and all culms' age was tagged correctly. The bamboo culms were cut at...

The Box-Behnken design was utilised to determine the optimum conditions for formulated pasteurised kenaf seed emulsion (PKSE)physical stability towards the ambient temperature. The Box-Behnken design including independent variables concentration such as sodium carbonate (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5), Tween 80 (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) and soy lecithin (0.1, 0.2 and...

The palm oil curing thermal treatment of Acacia hybrid was investigated. The physical and mechanical properties of the thermal treatment of Acacia hybrid were determined through to the different portions (top, middle, and bottom), temperatures (160°C and 200°C), and durations (1, 2, and 3 hrs). The characterization of treated and untreated Acacia h...

Cultivated timber species that focus on fast-growing are slowly being utilized as an alternative source of materials by the timber industry worldwide. Most of them are cultivated as mono-species and, upon harvesting, possess lower properties than those harvested from the forest. To utilize them for a longer service span requires preservatives or so...

Bioresidues from oil palm fronds are used to maximize the usage of biomass agricultural by-products. Furthermore, it contributes to a greater understanding and knowledge of non-wood materials for future sustainability development (Bledzki and Gassan, 1999). However, non-wood bioresources, particularly oil palm fronds, have yet to contribute to comm...

As a cellulosic non-wood material, rattan is commonly associated with luxury items and used as a material for wicker, craft, and furniture manufacturing. During the processing of rattan for furniture and related products, these activities generated approximately 40-50% of waste. For sustainability development in this industry, the stages of the rat...

Pasteurised kenaf seeds milk MH8234 (PKSM) has been produced from kenaf seeds which are considered waste in agricultural practices. Furthermore, studies on the effect of storage conditions on PKSM physicochemical properties have yet to be explored. Therefore, this study focused on identifying the effect of storage conditions at two different temper...

Ten (10) and fifteen (15) years-old cultivated Tectona grandis (teak) were oil heat-treated to studied their properties improvement. The middle portion of T. grandis was selected and treated at 160ºC, 200ºC, and 240ºC for 2 hours. The study investigated the effectiveness of treated and non-treated T. grandis based on their physical and mechanical p...

The microphotograph structure properties were studied on the performance of the 10 years old Tectona grandis wood that has undergone 3 months in a ground contact test. The heat treatment process at selected temperatures of 160°C, 200°C, and 240°C was applied for 2 hours in a specially designed oil heat-treatment machine powered by electricity. The...

The microstructures of selected tropical bamboo species were investigated. Harvested three-year-old Gigantochloa scortechinii segregated into different locations and positions. Bamboo samples were treated using copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA), ammonia-copper-quaternary (ACQ), and a borax-boric-acid (BBA) through the vacuum pressure, sap displacement, a...

Oil palm fronds are one of the biomass residues originating from oil palm plantations. It has great potential to be used as an alternative material for the composite boards industry to reduce dependency on wood-based raw materials. The fronds are obtainable all the year round and in big quantity. The oil palm fronds had been processed as compressed...

This experimental study investigated the fabrications of bio-composite, namely as a panels fronds oil palm (PFOP). The Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives used as the coupling agent for binding the fibres together. The frond samples segregated into three conditions which are dried fronds, felled fronds and green fronds. Ea...

Acacia mangium a fast-grown timber species is an important for large scale forest plantation in Malaysia. A study carried out to investigate changes in colour, strength and chemical properties in the oil heat treated 18-years old cultivated Acacia mangium. Harvested trees segregated into bottom, middle and top portions containing heartwood and sapw...

Improvement in the durability of oil heat treated Acacia mangium through accelerated laboratory tests was studied. A. mangium logs of 16-year-old harvested and segregated into the bottom, middle, and top portions. These were oil-heat treated in a stainless-steel tank with oil palm oil as a heating medium at temperatures 180, 200 and 220°C for the d...

A study in enhancing the strength properties of Rhizophora apiculata by turning the solid wood into an engineered laminated board was executed. The matured Rhizophora species was selected from peat swamp forest in Sibu, Sarawak. The trunk was segregated into three parts, namely the bottom, middle and top portion and subsequently sawn into wooden pl...

Performance of the durability of oil heat-treated 16-year-old Acacia mangium through accelerated laboratory tests were studied. A. mangium logs of known age harvested and segregated into the bottom, middle, and top portions. These were oil-heat treated in a tank with oil palm oil as a heating medium at temperatures 180, 200 and 220°C for the durati...

The correlations of microphotograph structure properties were made via a matured cultivated three-year-old tropical bamboos namely Gigantochloalevis and G. scotechinii. Bamboos were elected and harvested from the plantation plots located at the Forest Research Institute Malaysia in Kepong, Selangor. The studies focused on the vascular bundles and f...

The hybrids were natural regeneration and were progenies of the two Acacia species that had been planted near each other. The Acacia hybrid was chosen because it exhibits better properties (It is less susceptible to heart rot disease) in comparison with A. mangium. Moreover, A. hybrid also widely planted in most countries as sources to replace natu...

The study investigated the elucidation properties between the solid wood and engineered laminated boards of matured Rhizophora apiculata. Harvested logs segregated into the bottom, middle and top portions and subsequently sawn into wooden planks. The samples for laminated boards were cut into specific thicknesses and bonded with adhesive using pres...

Original Research Article The anatomical properties of 3-year-old tropical bamboos Gigantochloa levis and G. scotechinii. These bamboos were selected and harvested from the plantation plots located at the Forest Research Institute Malaysia in Kepong, Selangor. The studies focussed on the vascular bundles and fibres the located at the internodes and...

The study investigated the elucidation properties between the solid wood and engineered laminated boards of matured Rhizophora apiculata. Harvested logs segregated into the bottom, middle and top portions and subsequently sawn into wooden planks. The samples for laminated boards were cut into specific thicknesses and bonded with adhesive using pres...

The changes of the primary chemical compositions in 2-and 4-year-old Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum were investigated. The bamboo culms of known age 2-and 4-year-old harvested from the forest reserve area in Jeli, Kelantan. The bamboo culms segregated into three portions namely the bottom, middle and top. They were then processed...

Cultivated Bambusa vulgaris culms of 4-year-old were used in this study. The culms were harvested from FRIM's bamboo research plot located in Selangor, Malaysia. Bamboo samples consisting of internodes 6, 7 and 8 were cross-cut and taken to FRIM laboratory for the heat treatment process, testing and analysis. A stainless tank measuring 0.6 x 0.6 x...

Rattan constitutes the most abundant non-timber forest products that could be used as a substitute for wood in the form of furniture and other products in many communities, especially in Malaysia. This study makes an explorative overview of two main research topics in forest resources management which are determined the status of the rattan industr...

Anatomical of cell wall structure on Schizostachyum brachycladum examined. The harvested two-year-old and four-year-old bamboo culms segregated into the bottom, middle and top portions. The samples then undergo the Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine their structure such...

This study focussed on composite boards made from Elaeis guineesis empty fruit bunches (EFB). The EFB supplied by a smallholder oil palm planter in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. The fibre cutter and crusher were used in turning the EFB into smaller size particles. They were screened with four-tier sieve shaker used to remove the oversize particles and impu...

Soil is the unconsolidated material in which plants are rooted. Soil texture is determined by the amount of sand, silt and clay in the soil. Understanding soil properties can help to better management and minimize soil disturbance. These soils were collected for soil properties and bulk density along the 55.2km of Sg. Lebir. Soil on Earth commonly...

A survey of the microclimate and effects of the vegetation of Pulau Pangkor, Perak was carried out during the Scientific Expedition to Pulau Pangkor. The fragmented forest ecosystem change through time as a result of their natural isolation and anthropogenic disturbances. Nominalization to describe microclimate changes between relative humidity, li...

Abstract. Anatomical structures and microstructures of tropical bamboo species were studied. Harvested three-yearold Gigantochloa scortechinii prepared for this study. Electron Microscopy (EM) especially Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) are efficient tools for microstructure viewing. This paper focused o...

Soil samples were collected from Pangkor Island which consisted of three parts which are Pangkor Utara, Pangkor Selatan and Sungai Pinang. Three samples were collected from Sungai Pinang, while two samples were collected from Pangkor Utara and Pangkor Selatan. Analysis of 34 chemical elements (Na, K, Th, Hg, Ba, Au, Cs, I, Bi, Te, Sb, Cd, Zr, Y, Rb...

Physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum were investigated. The sample were classified into two different ages which are young and mature for each culm of bamboo. The aim of this study to investigate the physical properties such as density, basic density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness...

The study was carried out to determine the physical and mechanical properties of composite lumber made from cassava (Mahinot esculenta Crantz) and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) in different ratios which is 100% cassava with 0% bamboo, 75% cassava with 25% bamboo, 50% cassava with 50% bamboo, 25% cassava with 75% bamboo and 0% cassava with 100% bamboo....

The effect of heat treatment on tropical bamboo Gigantochloa scortechinii on the physical, strength and durability were studied. Matured bamboo culms of 4-year-old culms were harvested and subjected to high-temperature condition using palm oil as a heating media. Two group of samples; green and air-dried were used in the studies. The temperature ap...

This paper investigated the bio kenaf bast and oil palm f resin urea formaldehyde at specified fibers ratios. The evalua characteristics made by the European Standards. Assessment of the physical characteristics includes the density, water absorption, thickness swelling and wettability. The strength characteristics assessment comprises of s interna...

The chemical composition and anatomical structure on mature investigated. Harvested four portions. The samples then undergo the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine their structure such as vascular bundle, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma Spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect and quantify the changes of chemical composition of bamboo under the diffe...

The anatomy and physical properties of cultivated four (4) years-old bamboo Bambusa vulgaris were studied in order to determine their strength.. The matured 4 year-old culms of the bamboo were randomly selected and harvested from the Bambusetum Plot located in the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) in Kepong. The anatomy study focussed on th...

Processing solid wood into laminate wood is an effective way to improve the poor properties of fast growing wood species especially its density and strength. In this study, Mahang wood (Macaranga sp.) was chosen to be processed into laminated wood. The comparison were made between solid Mahang wood and laminated Mahang wood in terms of its physical...

Processing solid wood into laminate wood is an effective way to improve the poor properties of fast growing wood species especially its density and strength. In this study, Mahang wood (Macaranga sp.) was chosen to be processed into laminated wood. The comparison were made between solid Mahang wood and laminated Mahang wood in terms of its physical...

Fragmented forest ecosystems change through time as a results of their natural isolation and anthropogenic disturbances. The aim of the study was to describe microclimate (surface and air temperature, humidity and light intensity) and vegetation structure (density and height) across the first 100m of stream edges in Jeli Forest areas in Kelantan. T...

Chemical composition and cell wall structure on Bambusa vulgaris were investigated. The samples were classified in two different age groups which are young and mature. Each bamboo was divided into three portions which are bottom, middle and top. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition which are the percentage of extractive,...