Mochamad Asrofi

Universitas Jember · Department of Mechanical Engineering

This chapter explores the significance of tuber plants, known for their carbohydrate-rich composition, particularly starch, which serves as a vital energy source and widespread applications in food, animal feed, and pastry production. Various tubers like cassava, potatoes, and sweet potatoes are highlighted for their starch content. The starch in t...

The usage of biodegradable materials is gaining mounting applications owing to the environmental problems created by petroleum-based synthetic materials. Agro-waste materials are finding more scope as reinforcement materials in polymer composites, mainly because of their cost-effectiveness and availability. The main aim of this research work is to...

Nanocellulose is a product of cellulose, a sustainable and plentiful resource. It’s distinctive nanoscale structure makes it a versatile, green and interesting material for a variety of applications. This article describes in detail the biosources of nanocellulose, the types and characteristics of nanocellulose, and the techniques used to produce n...

Over the past decade ago, more researchers are working on using nanocellulose as a sustainable material in wider innovative applications mainly in electronics. Nanocellulose’s properties, which include low density and high tensile strength, low toxic fume emission when heated, low thermal expansion, and the formation of an oxygen barrier, make it i...

In recent years, a lot of progress has been created on aerospace materials for structural and engineering applications. Composites are made when two or more different materials are combined to create superior and distinctive materials. For aerospace engineering, there is considerable progress in material science and engineering with the technologic...

Cellulose, a ubiquitous and renewable biopolymer, has garnered significant attention for its potential in material applications. This overview highlights the properties and applications of cellulose nanofibers, a nanoscale form of cellulose with exceptional properties. Cellulose nanofiber exhibits high surface area-to-volume ratios, inherent crysta...

Plastic is a ubiquitous material used to meet various human needs. However, its use negatively impacts the environment due to its non-biodegradability, contribution to pollution, and potential health threats. Biocomposite materials offer a promising solution to these problems. This study aimed to develop biocomposite films using a polyvinyl alcohol...

In Dawuhan village, Grujugan District, Kab. Bondowoso has a number of wood charcoal Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), but the production equipment is still simple. The sizes of charcoal produced by MSME partners are usually classified into three A, B and C. Type C wood charcoal is usually thrown away. Currently there are efforts from par...

Water is a primary need for worship, especially for Muslims. Making water taps automatically is one of the innovations to make water use efficient when performing ablution. This service program aims to provide education to students of SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Songgon Banyuwangi in making designs for automatic ablution faucets. The community service metho...

In the last decade, Study on the use of natural fibers as synthetic substitute materials or green polymer composites is growing. The growth of green polymer composites has had a significant impact on polymer composite research and innovation. This rapid growth provides advantages over low-cost synthetic fiber composites and reduces adverse impacts...

In this research, a biocomposite made from brass, magnesium oxide and polyester is filled with coffee skin powder fibers using a compaction method using a hydraulic press machine as a specimen maker. Biocomposites have variations in coffee skin powder of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% by weight and were investigated for the hardness and surface morphology...

In this study, a biocomposite based on vinylester fortchem 411 VE filled with durian skin fiber (DSF) was successfully synthesized using the casting method with the aid of a catalyst to accelerate the biocomposite fabrication process. DSF was treated with 7% NaOH. The biocomposite was loaded separately with treated DSF at 3 to 6% by weight, and its...

One of the recent developments in carbon fiber is using nano zinc oxide (ZnO) as a coating on carbon fiber to create piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials can generate electricity when subjected to mechanical pressure or strain, and vice versa. ZnO nanomaterials have been a focal point of research due to their high surface-to-volume rati...

The fabrication of composites as a substitute for metal materials requires technology to support the production to produce many products with good quality. Composite materials have several advantages, including light density and good mechanical properties. Generally, composite materials consist of two components, namely matrix and fiber. The matrix...

Edible film biocomposite (EFB) is a kind of materials able to substitute the non-biodegradable plastics. This idea is one of the breakthroughs in reducing plastic waste which is not environmentally friendly. EFB is an environmentally-safe and biocompostable material. This research explores and fabricate EFB from tapioca starch, soy lecithin and sug...

The traditional fishing vessels in Indonesia are usually made of wood material. The weakness of this vessel material is that it is easily weathered when exposed to seawater. For this reason, it is necessary to have vessel material engineering from composite sandwiches. This study aimed to prepare and investigate the flexural test, impact test, opti...

Hybrid natural/synthetic fibres reinforced composites have become prominent raw material to reduce overall weight of automobile. This happened due to its various in versatile properties such lightweight, low cost, ease in structural development, strength to weight ratio, and high mechanical properties. Due to this factors, many automotive carmakers...

Metal injection molding (MIM) is a metal forming technique that combines powder metallurgy with plastic injection molding. MIM is very efficient in manufacturing small and complex products in large quantities. The MIM process has four steps: mixing, debinding, injection molding, and sintering. This research was conducted to determine the effect of...

3D printing technology based on the extrusion material method is rapid manufacturing and has complex accuracy, which supports industrial progress. The selection of printing material (filament) is essential in obtaining mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. In this study, the use of ABS and PLA combination is an innovation in the selection of...

Synthetic plastic is a material that is difficult to decompose in the environment and causes serious problems in long term such as an increase in the volume of waste. To reduce plastic waste, biodegradable composite (biocomposite) is expected to overcome this problem. Natural cellulose fiber can be used as a filler in biopolymer matrix based biocom...

Oil palm nanocellulose has been demonstrated to display a wide range of unique properties for many fields. They are suitable for biomedical applications and have been used in this domain for decades. The current variety of nanocellulose fibers allows the development of new nanocomposites. This work fabricated oil palm nanocellulose with variations...

The effect of various treatments on the production of reducing sugar and biobutanol from cocoa pod husk (CPH) through depectination, delignification, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation was studied to obtain the best strategy for sequential processes to valorize CPH to biobutanol. Surfactants of Tween 80, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000, and Sodi...

Oil spills on the seawater happened along the last decade needs to be addressed to prevent marine ecosystem destruction. The challenges encourage researchers to develop high-performance adsorbents. This study aims to investigate the adsorption capacity of magnetite-cellulose aerogel derived from Ramie stems in the oil-seawater mixture. The novelty...

SS400 steel is steel with a low carbon content (max 0.17 %C) or low carbon steel. SS400 applications are widely used in the construction industry, railway industry, bridges and others. The use of SS400 which is in direct contact with the surrounding environment will cause the appearance, quality, and usefulness of the material or material to decrea...

Sasak gantung tourism is one of the tourist destinations located in Genteng Kulon Village, Genteng District, Banyuwangi. This destination is in the form of a suspension bridge located above the Setail river (dam), Genteng. In an effort to optimize these tourist destinations, the service team collaborates with Genteng Kulon Village to create program...

Plant fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites have had broad applications recently because of their lower cost advantages, lower weight, and biodegradable nature. The present work studies the influence of reinforcing giant reed fiber concentration in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer for their physical, mechanical, and thermal characteris...

Man-made composites are vastly implemented in various engineering applications, particularly in cross-arm component of latticed transmission tower. However, their practice in this sector has increased pollutant emissions and landfill areas. Thus, scientists and engineers have been driven to look for other ‘greener’ alternative materials that have l...

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) agroindustry is an agroindustry that has big challenges, namely the characteristics of perishable products, quantity availability, product quality, customer service and competitive prices for consumers. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the business process to find out the conditions and problems that...

Keywords: ABSTRACT Chip formation, MQL, Taguchi design. Applying cutting fluid is a common case in machining, as it can prolong the tool life. However, excessive using it may cause a bad affect on the operator and environment. Alternatively, applying minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) to reduce the bad effects yet gain a maximum advance of using cu...

At this time, the material made from plastic is widely used because it has strong and inexpensive properties. However, the amount of plastic waste is an environmental problem in every region. One way to overcome is to create environmentally friendly plastics that can decompose naturally. The purpose of this study was to prepare and investigate the...

There has been much effort to provide eco-friendly and biodegradable materials for the next generation of composite products owing to global environmental concerns and increased awareness of renewable green resources. This review article uniquely highlights the use of green composites from natural fiber, particularly with regard to the development...

This manuscript reviews previous literature on filament-wound polymer composites and their potential applications as cross arm structures in latticed transmission towers. The current trends of cross arms implement pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites without any additional configurations. However, extreme tropical climate and dynamic...

Oil palm nanocellulose has been demonstrated to display a wide range of unique properties for many fields. They are suitable for biomedical applications and have been used in this domain for decades. The current variety of nanocellulose fibers allows the development of new nanocomposites. This work fabricated oil palm nanocellulose with variations...

Oil palm nanocellulose has been demonstrated to display a wide range of unique properties for many fields. They are suitable for biomedical applications and have been used in this domain for decades. The current variety of nanocellulose fibers allows the development of new nanocomposites. This work fabricated oil palm nanocellulose with variations...

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from lactic acid that has been chiefly utilized in biodegradable material and as a composite matrix material. PLA is a prominent biomaterial that is widely used to replace traditional petrochemical-based polymers in various applications owing environmental concerns. Green composites have gai...

The problem of plastic waste is a special topic for every country due to the higher amount of production in the environment. This has the potential to pollute and damage the environment. Synthetic plastic will decompose in the soil in more than 20 years and even up to 100 years, thereby reducing soil fertility. Therefore, this study aims to create...

The effects of using synthetic plastics cause problems for the environment such as environmental pollution. A new breakthrough was made to replace the synthetic plastic material, namely the use of green composite material from a combination of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), cassava starch (CS) and edamame soybeans peel fiber (ESPF). Green composites were...

Asian countries have abundant resources of natural fibers, but unfortunately, they have not been optimally utilized. The facts showed that from 2014 to 2020, there was a shortfall in meeting national demand of over USD 2.75 million per year. Therefore, in order to develop the utilization and improve the economic potential as well as the sustainabil...

Dry powder products are highly sensitive to oxygen and water vapour and must have a long shelf life. Currently, they are vacuum-packaged in sachets whose walls are made of a composite film that stops oxygen and water vapour from entering the package. Most of these composites are not biodegradable, a situation that the most agricultural company now...

Microplastic pollution in the aquatic systems is attracting continued concern globally. Microplastics can be needed a long degradation time due to the structural complexity and hydrophobicity. The advanced oxidation process (AOPs) can generate reactive oxygen such as hydroxyl (OH) radicals. These radicals initiate the plastic degradation process by...

ABSTRAKFiberglass lebih ekonomis dibandingkan dengan kayu maupun logam untuk bahan pembuatan kapal yang berukuran kecil. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang design kapal dan bahan pembuatan kapal berupa Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP). Pengetahuan tentang design kapal, dan pengetahuan bahan...

Pada umumnya kapal nelayan masyarakat bengkalis terbuat dari kayu. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat adalah ketersediaan material kayu sebagai bahan baku kapal nelayan saat ini semakin menipis, sehingga diperlukan adanya alternatif material dalam pembangunan kapal nelayan. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut maka dilakukan evaluasi dan analisa be...

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) based biocomposite film with cellulose was successfully fabricated by the solution casting method. The cellulose fibers were obtained by extraction of durian peel using alkalization and bleaching treatments. These treated cellulose fibers were used for the fabrication of PVA-based biocomposites. The durian peel cellulose fib...

Nano particles of metal oxide developed as soluble nano additive in liquid fuels to improve fuel quality. One application of nano metal oxide particles is an additive to biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Pure biodiesel has a relatively lower calorific value compared to fossil fuels. Low calorifi...

This chapter focuses on the top-down techniques (i.e., acid hydrolysis, ultrasonification, HPH, supermasscolloider, steam explosion, TEMPO oxidation, microfluidizer, and a combination of chemomechanical processes) used to prepare nanocellulose from various sources of natural fibers including crops, agricultural residues, forest woods, and forest by...

Pemanfaatan serat alam Muntingia calabura sebagai pengisi bahan biokomposit belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penggunaan serat alam ini memiliki potensi yang baik sebagai bahan pengisi biokomposit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh volume fraksi serat terhadap kekuatan tarik dan permukaan patahan biokomposit Polivinil Alkohol...

Metal injection molding (MIM) is a relatively recent technological process used in the powder metallurgy industry, which is highly efficient and useful for the manufacture of large quantities of small and complex metal components. MIM consists of four basic steps consisting of mixing, injection molding, debinding, and sintering. Sintering to compac...

Over recent years, enthusiasm towards the manufacturing of biopolymers has attracted considerable attention due to the rising concern about depleting resources and worsening pollution. Among the biopolymers available in the world, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the highest biopolymers produced globally and thus, making it suitable for product comm...

In this work, the influence of silane treatment on characterization of Ipomoea staphylina plant fiber composites reinforced with epoxy matrix are studied. The silane treated I. staphylina fiber reinforced composites (ISFRCs) are fabricated through hand layup and compression molding methods. The composites are subjected to characterization technique...

In this work, biocomposites based polylactic acid (PLA) filled with piper betle fiber (PBF) were successfully synthesized by solvent cast-film method using chloroform as the solvent. The PBF was treated with 7% NaOH. The biocomposites were loaded separately with untreated and treated PBF at 1 to 3 wt% and investigated for tensile properties and mor...

This research aim is to find out the type of defects in production process of 600 ml bottle water at PT TIB Jember, then some attempts to resolve the problem. The p-chart of Statistical Process Control was employed. The control chart in September 2019 shown that some data beyond the ultimate control limit (UCL). The defects were categorized into th...

ABSTRAKProgram pengabdian kepada masyarakat bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra pengabdian yaitu kelompok usaha kecil rumahan “Poklahsar Mandiri” yang bergerak di bidang produksi kerupuk cumi. Kelompok usaha ini terletak di Desa Karangsari, Sempu, Banyuwangi. Metode pelaksaan pengabdian ini berupa studi wawancara dan...

Currently, the harmful gas emission, rapid climate change, air and water pollution, and deterioration of earth's land surface are mainly produced by the aggressive utilization of petroleum-based plastic and the unmanaged garbage disposal including dumping and burning of polymeric products and substances. Many experts from throughout the globe revea...

Composite bioplastic is an alternative solution to solve the plastic waste problem in our environment. This is due to the composite bioplastic is one material that is environmentally friendly and easily degraded in nature. This study aims to make composite bioplastic from environmentally friendly materials, namely tapioca starch and sugarcane bagas...

Biocomposite based tapioca starch (TS) and sugarcane bagasse cellulose nanofibers (SBCN) was made through casting method. SBCN was prepared by chemical and ultrasonication process. It was successfully displayed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) in range 20 - 45 nm. Meanwhile, particle size analysis (PSA) also supported the distribution diam...

Surface hardening process is one of the final steps to improve the product quality especially in toughness of the steel core. In this study, the SS400 steel was investigated as the potential steel core to be used as a sprocket. However, this material is categorized in low hardness due to its low carbon content. Improving SS400 steel by using surfac...

This study examines the effect of addition rice starch particle (RSP) in Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based blend composites. The concentration of RSP in PET was varied at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% with fixed percentage of sorbitol for 2 ml. The blend composites were produced by solution mixing method. All samples were tested by tensile and morph...

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) starch and fibre are considered as a waste product of the agro-industry. The purpose of the current study is to determine the thermal, water barrier, and soil degradation properties of biodegradable plasticised sugar palm starch (PSPS) that contains sugar palm nanofibrillated celluloses (SP-NFCs) derived from sugar palm...

Aluminium matrix composite is one of composite materials that has good mechanical properties and widely used in industry. The addition of Mg and SiC components increased the hardness number of the composite. While, the aluminium 6061 alloy is an alloy with the possibility of small shrinkage defects and better liquidity levels that affect the weldab...

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of Xanthosoma sagitifolium powder (XSP), mixing time and water on meat analog characters and to optimize these parameters in meat analog production using Response Surface Methodology with BoxBehnken design. Meat analog is produced from mixing XSP and concentrated soy protein using a househol...

This chapter describes the principle of nanotechnology and how it works in practice as reinforcement material to improve polysaccharide-based biopolymers for packaging applications in terms of their physical properties, such as the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of the resulting biopolymer film significantly. Naturally, these biopolyme...

Biodegradable plastic-based starch is become one of alternative to substitute the synthetic plastic. In this study, the biodegradable plastic was made by tapioca starch and cellulose fiber from sugarcane bagasse. The production of bioplastic was casting method. Moisture resistance was observed by moisture absorption testing. The result shows that 4...

In Indonesia, starch, particularly that obtained from bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus), is abundant and inexpensive, thereby increasing the value of bengkuang starch, which can be mixed with bioplastic-based starch. A biocomposite comprising nanocellulose from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and bengkuang starch was successfully fabricated usin...

To overcome the obvious drawbacks of biopolymers, such as low strength, low stiffness and low water resistance, and to expand their applications in various sectors, natural fibre, for instance micro/nano-kenaf fibre (Hibiscus cannabinus), sugar palm fibre (Arenga pinnata), cassava bagasse (Manihot esculenta), and oil palm fibre (Elaeis guineensis)...

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres and starches are considered as agro-industrial residue in the agricultural industry. This paper aims to investigate the effect of different concentrations (0-1.0 wt%) of sugar palm nanofibrillated cellulose (SPNFCs) reinforced sugar palm starch (SPS) on morphological, mechanical and physical properties of the bion...

The cellulose microfibers (CMF) from water hyacinth (WH) fiber as a filler in sago starch (SS) biocomposites was investigated. The CMF was isolated by pulping, bleaching and acid hydrolysis methods. The addition of CMF in sago matrix was varied i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Biocomposites were made by using solution casting and glycerol as a plastic...

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre is considered as a waste product of the agricultural industry. This paper is investigating the isolation of nanofibrillated cellulose from sugar palm fibres produced by a chemo-mechanical approach, thus opening a new way to utilize waste products more efficiently. Chemical pre-treatments, namely delignification and...