Moacir Kripka

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• Doctor of Engineering
• Full Professor (Licensed) at University of Passo Fundo

There is an increasing demand to replace traditional construction techniques with more sustainable systems that can reduce environmental impacts. Emissions are typically assessed only in carbon dioxide and embodied energy terms, yet these metrics alone cannot fully capture the overall impact generated. This study provides a comparative Life Cycle A...

The increasing concern over the scarcity of natural resources has driven the search for more sustainable structural designs. Among the various alternatives, steel-concrete composite cellular structures have emerged as a good solution for large spans, combining the strength properties of concrete and steel without significantly increasing the struct...

The construction industry significantly contributes to global energy consumption and emissions, necessitating sustainable alternatives to conventional practices. In this context, this study introduces a novel composite structural typology that combines reinforced concrete (RC) columns with transversely hybrid variable section (THVS) steel girders a...

Although mathematical optimization can be a handy tool for structural design, neglecting to consider criteria such as safety can result in designs vulnerable to specific scenarios. One aspect of structural safety that has been gaining interest is buildings' progressive collapse (PC) resistance. Many experimental and numerical studies have been deve...

Optimization techniques are an efficient tool for developing structural projects. By seeking the rational use of available resources, they can not only reduce costs but also the impact on the environment. In this sense, it is interesting that these techniques are effectively incorporated throughout the process, including at the construction stage....

Given the increased interest in enhancing structural sustainability, the current study sought to apply multiobjective optimization to a footbridge with a steel-concrete composite I-girder structure. It was considered as objectives minimizing the cost for building the structure, the environmental impact assessed by CO2 emissions, and the vertical ac...

I-section girders with different types of steel in the flanges and web (fyf > fyw, respectively) are known as transverse hybrid girders. These have proven to be more economical than their homogeneous counterparts. However, the use of hybrid configurations in the longitudinal direction of the element has yet to be studied. This paper uses optimizati...

In this study, the optimization of the composite floor system with cellular beams is investigated. The objective function is the minimization of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the optimal solution is defined by 19 design variables for the beam’s topology, beams fabricated process, steel deck characteristics, columns. The requirements of the ult...

Studying how various economic activities affect the environment is becoming increasingly important, especially in light of the greenhouse effect's contributing factor, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. With all the extraction, production, and transportation of materials involved in its supply chain, civil building is one of the economic a...

Vários problemas do mundo real podem ser modelados com o uso da Programação Linear, dentre eles, os temas voltados para a sua aplicação na indústria. Neste contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as aplicações da Programação Linear na Indústria e suas conexões com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). A metodologia utilizad...

This paper proposes a methodology to simulate the soil-structure interaction (SSI) in structural optimization processes. The aim is to create a scenario more aligned with reality, which is not reflected in the traditional methods of considering perfectly rigid or articulated supports. A Winkler-type model is proposed where a hyperbolic equation tha...

Debido al creciente interés por mejorar la sostenibilidad del sector de las construcciones, la optimización del diseño estructural ha venido cobrando auge en los últimos tiempos. Una de las desventajas de estos procedimientos es el enorme consumo computaciones que requieren. Sin embargo, la optimización asistida por metamodelos (MASDO por sus sigla...

This paper implements the multi-criteria design optimization of three-dimensional reinforced concrete frame building structures, considering aspects such as the realistic design of the elements, including foundations within the structural assembly, or considering the soil-structure interaction. The criteria for a more comprehensive sustainable appr...

It is well known that conventional heuristic optimization is the most common approach to deal with structural optimization problems. However, metamodel-assisted optimization has become a valuable strategy for decreasing computational consumption. This paper applies conventional heuristic and Kriging-based metaheuristic optimization to minimize the...

La perspectiva social es un aspecto fundamental en la construcción de infraestructuras sostenibles. Este estudio evalúa el análisis de ciclo de vida social de un marco articulado prefabricado de hormigón armado optimizado económicamente. Mediante el análisis de la contribución por fases al daño social total se identifica la fabricación como la etap...

This paper implements structural design optimization to improve the economic indexes of welded steel plate girders. The optimization problem is formulated in a way that allows the use of hybrid configurations, i.e., different types of steel in the flanges and web. Besides the cross-sectional dimensions, eleven steel grades are included as optimizat...

The growing scarcity of natural resources drives the construction sector to seek solutions where materials are employed not only for greater cost-effectiveness but also for improved performance and increased sustainability. This study aimed to use optimization in the design of reinforced concrete beams, aiming to reduce costs, CO2 emissions, and co...

The growing scarcity of natural resources drives the construction sector to seek solutions and technologies where materials are employed not only for greater cost-effectiveness but also for improved performance and increased sustainability. This study aimed to use optimization in the design of reinforced concrete beams, aiming to reduce costs, CO₂...

Metamodel-assisted optimization is a valuable alternative to handle structural design optimization procedures, which are usually quite expensive and sometimes even prohibitive. This paper presents an up-to-date literature review on metamodel-assisted structural design optimization (MASDO) in the structural engineering field. The period analyzed is...

The demand for more sustainable structures has been shown as a growing tendency, and engineers can use optimization techniques to aid in the design and sizing stage, achieving solutions that minimize its cost and environmental and social impacts. In pedestrian bridges, which are subjected to human-induced vibrations, it is also important to ensure...

Los marcos articulados prefabricados de hormigón armado son una estructura de uso común en las redes de carreteras. Los avances en las técnicas de optimización permiten mejorar el proceso de diseño tradicional, consiguiendo minimizar factores como el coste final de la estructura. El estudio llevó a cabo la optimización económica de un marco articul...

One of the biggest problems in structural steel calculation is the design of structures using the lowest possible material weight, making this a slow and costly process. To achieve this objective, several optimization methods have been developed and tested. Nevertheless, a method that performs very efficiently when applied to different problems is...

The environmental impact of reinforced concrete structures occurs during all phases of the building's life cycle, with emphasis on the stages of extraction and transport of raw materials and concrete production. An effective way to reduce the impact of these structures is to reduce the consumption of materials with the use of optimization technique...

Optimization techniques have been increasingly used to obtain structures of lower cost or weight. However, the result obtained depends on the choice of materials. This can be based on factors such as cost, performance, and environmental impacts, as well as subjective aspects such as the cultural issue. This work adopts a multicriteria decision meth...

Structural design, in general, is developed through trial and error technique which is guided by standards criteria and based on the intuition and experience of the engineer, a context that leads to structural over-dimensioning, with uneconomic solutions. Aiming to find the optimal design, structural optimization methods have been developed to find...

El artículo expone los resultados alcanzados dentro del proyecto de investigación DIMALIFE. Se desarrolla una metodología que incorpora la variabilidad en los procesos de toma de decisiones en el ciclo completo de vida de puentes e infraestructuras viarias, de forma que se contemplen las necesidades e intereses sociales y ambientales con presupuest...

Considering the importance of the development of new housing projects, the purpose of this research is to provide a model oriented to the identification of the most sustainable alternative in single-family housing projects of social interest from the perspective of life cycle thinking (LCT) and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP). A ceramic m...

Competition among companies is growing globally, with the need to increase productivity and efficiency in the product sector. However, there is also a growing concern about global warming and the depletion of natural resources, as well as their effects on human health. In this context, all human activities that involve intense usage of resources mu...

The current scenario of structural engineering is guided by the growing ecological concern and constant search for efficient and economic structural solutions. In this sense, aspects related to the durability of structures have become a significant topic of study. Based on this context, the purpose of this work was to provide resources that allow t...

At present, reducing the impact of the construction industry on the environment is the key to achieving sustainable development. Countries all over the world are using software systems for bridge environmental impact assessment. However, due to the complexity and discreteness of environmental factors in the construction industry, they are difficult...

There is a relation between the environmental impacts to the high emissions in the environment and the natural resources depletion, which can be measured with the useful life of the products, affected by the manufacturing technologies and the sustainable development. In this background, the present article aims to evaluate the environmental impact...

Despite insufficient housing facilities, particularly in developing countries, construction systems are generally selected intuitively or based on conventional solutions sanctioned by practice. The present study aims to evaluate different options for the design of low-income housing in Brazil by integrating the life cycle assessment (LCA) into the...

No projeto de uma edificação, a seleção do material estrutural mais adequado pode estar baseada em diversos fatores como custo, desempenho, disponibilidade e, mais recentemente, nos possíveis impactos ambientais produzidos. Uma forma de seleção da melhor alternativa com base em diversos critérios pode ser a utilização de técnicas de tomada de decis...

ResumoO intenso processo de urbanização das últimas décadas levou à necessidade de implantação de infraestruturas, entre elas a infraestrutura viária. No Brasil a malha viária é responsável pela maior parte do transporte de cargas e pessoas. Em função dos custos envolvidos em uma obra de pavimentação, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a otimi...

Estruturas isostáticas são o sustento da engenharia como o solo é o sustento da vida ou a linguagem está para a comunicação. Leia com atenção Análise estrutural para Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura para entender o comportamento das estruturas isostáticas e seu dimensionamento. O livro aborda os conceitos fundamentais necessários para operar estrutur...

Purpose The fair wage potential (FWP) is a social assessment method that can serve as an important measure to estimate the related social impacts along a product's life cycle; however, it does not admit a direct relation to the functional unit. This research presents the weighted fair wage potential (WFWP) method that relates the functional unit to...

In order to support the structural designer with regard to the selection of structural materials, this work presents results obtained from the optimization of reinforced concrete beams and welded "I" steel beams. To achieve this objective, both problems were formulated according to Brazilian standards, considering the cost as objective function and...

The application of techniques to analyze sustainability in the life cycle of small-span bridge superstructures is presented in this work. The objective was to obtain environmental and economic indicators for integration into the decision-making process to minimize the environmental impact, reduce resource consumption and minimize life cycle costs....

This work aimed the parametric study and cost optimization of reinforced concrete plane frames. To achieve these objectives, the total cost, composed by the costs of concrete, steel and formworks was minimized by the usage of a modified version of Harmony Search Algorithm. Cross sections dimensions, area of steel and concrete strength of beams and...

Em um ambiente edificado, a prática da sustentabilidade compete a todos os envolvidos no projeto e execução. A maior parte das medidas deve ser empregada na fase de projeto, uma vez que é nesta etapa que se tem as maiores implicações referente às dimensões, especificações e detalhes a serem incorporados à estrutura. Sendo assim, a identificação pré...

The construction field must always explore sustainable ways of using its raw materials. Studying the environmental impact generated by reinforced concrete raw materials during their production and transportation can contribute to reducing this impact. This paper initially presents the carbon dioxide emissions from reinforced concrete raw materials,...

In the optimized structure sizing, the optimization methods are inserted in this context in order to obtain satisfactory solutions, which can provide more economical structures, besides allowing the consideration of the factors related to the environmental impacts in the structural design. This work proposes a mathematical model for the optimizatio...

This work applies life cycle sustainability assessment techniques in the superstructures of small-span bridges for rural and vicinal roads by integrating them into the decision-making process to include sustainability indicators. The study subsequently investigated the potential environmental impacts of three bridge configurations as proposed by Br...

Investigating the dynamic characteristics of slabs has become very important since modern structures, meeting economic needs and architectural tendencies, have been built lighter with longer open spans, and consequently became more susceptible to the phenomena of vibration. Therefore, addressing important parameters of vibration during the design p...

RESUMEN Los puentes son infraestructuras esenciales para mejorar la comunicación dentro de un territorio. La optimización constituye un proceso que permite obtener puentes de menor coste bajo ciertas restricciones. Debido a la complejidad de los problemas estructurales, la optimización matemática no es útil y se recurre a la optimización heurística...

In structural design, it is common practice to adopt the same cross-section dimensions for a group of elements. This procedure is mainly for practical and aesthetic reasons, as well as to reduce labour costs, but it also has a positive effect of reducing the number of variables, which simplifies the usual trial and error design process. On the othe...

In the real world, there are many problems in which it is desirable to optimize one or more objective functions at the same time. These are known as single and multi-objective optimization problems respectively and continuous research is being conducted in this field and nature inspired heuristic optimization methods (also called advanced optimizat...

MENSAGEM DOS EDITORES: Como é do conhecimento de nossos leitores, a Revista de Ciências Exatas Aplicadas e Tecnológicas da Universidade de Passo Fundo (CIATEC-UPF) visa, principalmente, propiciar um espaço para divulgação da produção técnico-científica nas áreas afins do conhecimento das ciências exatas e engenharias como forma de promover o desenv...

Owing to the elevated cost of bridges, especially when compared to the cost of roads, their rational design and material selection are fundamental properties to consider when aiming to reduce the environmental impacts and lengthen the lifespan of the bridge. Especially in developing countries, the construction of new bridges (mainly short spanned)...

The application of optimization to the solution of practical structural engineering problems has been very limited, despite the great development of the techniques. One of the main reasons for this is the complexity of the generated models, which employ nonlinear functions and generate a space of nonconvex solutions. In addition, most design variab...

O gasto com o transporte para manutenção do sistema de iluminação pública representa custos elevados nos orçamentos municipais. A não racionalização das rotas podem acarretar maiores custos de manutenção e gerenciamento destes sistemas. Neste estudo foi realizada a otimização da roteirização dos veículos utilizados nos serviços de manutenção do sis...

Nowadays, a rapid growth of computer performance enablesand encourages new developments in civil engineering as wellas related areas. For instance, the construction industry in-vestigates new designs with minimum cost, minimum CO2emissions, or embodied energy, among other objectives. Ap-plications of optimization techniques are most exciting, chal-...

Resumo: Dentre as diversas propostas pedagógicas, a aprendizagem por projetos tem adquirido crescente destaque por proporcionar a construção efetiva do conhecimento com a participação ativa dos estudantes. Com a finalidade de consolidar o conhecimento adquirido na área de estruturas em cursos de engenharia civil, atividades envolvendo a construção...

Concrete is one of most used materials in construction and also one of the main responsible for the emission of carbon dioxide, or CO2, in the atmosphere. Thus, in order to study ways to reduce this impact, it is important to evaluate the influence of each raw material of the reinforced concrete, as well as the phases of the life cycle in which the...

RESUMO Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de uma investigação qualitativa sobre influências do uso de tecnologias interativas em sala de aula, referente à aprendizagem significativa de conceitos de Álgebra Linear. Para alcançá-los propôs-se o desenvolvimento de uma atividade de ensino que visou à aprendizagem significativa de sistemas l...

SGAMR cover (In. J. Struct. Glass Adv. Mater Res.) https://thescipub.com/sgamr

This paper presents a variant of the Harmony Search Algorithm (HS) and its application to discrete optimization. The main proposed modifications regarding original HS are related to stopping criterion and reinitialization of population, called Harmony Memory. In order to investigate the efficiency of the algorithm, it was applied for obtaining opti...

The present study aimed to supply parameters that lead to optimized design in composite bridges. To achieve the proposed objectives has been formulated an optimization problem which aims to reduce the cost of bridge cross section by varying the dimensions of the steel girders. The implementation of the proposed formulation has been done by creating...

The definition of the number of columns, as well as their positions in the structure, is one of the tasks of the designer, and has a significant impact on both cost and structural behavior. This work presents a study developed in order to obtain the spacing of reinforced concrete columns of building structures corresponding to the smallest global c...

Purpose Trusses constitute a fertile field to demonstrate the application of optimization techniques because of the possibility of several different configurations. Using such techniques allows the search for designs that minimize the use of material to safely comply with the imposed loads. Truss optimization can be classified into three categories...

Concrete is one of the most widely used materials in the Brazilian construction industry. This widespread use is mainly due to the easiness of implementation and adaptation to various forms. The reduction of the consumption of materials involved in the production of concrete is one way to achieve more sustainable construction. These reductions, if...

To allocate a team is to assign the responsibilities for a task to a group of human resources. Developers may have different technical capabilities, and the tasks may have different needs. Due to the complexity of solving this kind of problem, the ideal solution requires the application of optimization techniques. Thus, the aim of this study was to...

This article treats the placement and routing problem in printed circuit boards and integrated circuits with VLSI technology under the point of view of optimization. For this is executed a bibliographic review research about the production processes and mounting of printed circuit boards, as about the existing processes for the task of placement an...

In the development of structural designs, in general, designers avoid varying the size of structural elements, seeking to group them as much as possible. These groupings produce aesthetic effects and facilitate formwork design for reinforced concrete frames, checks, and implementation. Therefore, the elements are pre-grouped into a smaller number o...

The aim of this work is to present a procedure developed in order to minimize the cost of reinforced concrete building frames. To achieve this objective the cross sections dimensions, the area of steel and the concrete strength of beams and columns were taken as design variables. The constraints related to dimensions and strength were based on the...

As estruturas são exemplos da intervenção humana na paisagem de um local (EVAMY, 2005). Uma estrutura sem consideração estética pode cumprir seus objetivos funcionais, porém pode não ser atrativa na composição paisagística como um todo e às pessoas que a usufruirão. Por isso é interessante que tenha uma concepção abstrata e seja integrada com o amb...

In addition to the exhaustion of natural resources and the generation of greenhouse gases, both concrete and steel production consume water and energy and cause indirect impacts, e.g., from carbon dioxide emissions during the transportation. The aim of this work is to present a study developed in order to optimize the environmental cost of reinforc...

Este trabalho apresenta resultados obtidos a partir de simulações com modelo reduzido em túnel de vento, com a finalidade de validar a aplicação de técnicas de otimização para a determinação de parâmetros de conforto ambiental nos ambientes industriais. Buscou-se maximizar o conforto térmico em pavilhões, com ou sem efeito do vento, tendo como var...

A ventilação natural é uma das estratégias de condicionamento natural que proporciona conforto térmico a um ambiente industrial. A otimização do sistema de ventilação natural em fábricas pode contribuir para a diminuição do consumo de aparelhos condicionadores de ar, trazendo benefícios ao meio ambiente e ao usuário. Este trabalho propõe a aplicaçã...

In addition to economic gains, the use of optimization strategies in the development of a structural design can reduce the consumption of materials whose extraction, manufacture and transport cause large environmental damage, as occurs with reinforced concrete inputs. The aim of the present study was to optimize the monetary and environmental costs...

O custo das lajes constitui um componente importante no custo total das estruturas em concreto armado. Uma vez definida a tipologia das lajes em função de características como vãos e utilização, determinam-se as dimensões da seção de concreto e das armaduras com o objetivo de garantir o atendimento aos estados limites com o menor custo possível. Ne...

Apresentam-se dois modelos matemáticos de otimização os quais, considerando os dados do trânsito da região que se pretende otimizar, possibilitam fornecer tempos de verde que visam minimizar o tempo de percurso veicular. Também são apresentados os resultados computacionais obtidos com a investigação desses modelos em um estudo realizado na região c...

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo para a determinação do posicionamento otimizado dos apoios em pontes, bem como da relação ótima entre os vãos de vigas de pontes visando conduzir tanto a redução como a uniformização dos esforços nestas estruturas. O problema matemático foi formulado tendo como objetivo a minimização dos momentos fletores máx...

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a implementação computacional de uma formulação matemática visando a otimizaçào das seções transversais de pilares em concreto armado sujeitos à flexocompressão reta, com base na norma técnica brasileira ABNT NBR 6118/07. Com o objetivo de minimizar o custo total da seção foi empregado o método Simulated...

Em função da grande diversidade de configurações possíveis, as treliças constituem um campo bastante fértil ao emprego de técnicas de otimização. Com o uso dessas técnicas, busca‐se quantificar o mínimo material necessário para que a estrutura suporte o carregamento atuante com a devida segurança. Os problemas de otimização de treliças são classifi...

Cold-formed profiles have been largely used in the building industry because they can be easily produced and because they allow for a wide range of sections and thus can be utilized to meet different project requirements. Attainment of maximum performance by structural elements with low use of material is a challenge for engineering projects. This...

This paper presents a study to determine the optimal support positions in bridges, as well as the optimal relation between the spans of beams, aiming both the reduction and the unifirmization of the efforts in these structures. The mathematical problem is formulated in order to minimize the maximum bending moments, taking the coordinate of each int...

Despite the advent of commercial software programs, which automate several design stages, the initial sizing of structural elements requires an engineer’s direct and intellectual work, and the solution found is very unlikely to be the best among the several options compliant with safety and usage requirements. Nevertheless, by using optimization st...

The aim of the present paper is to show the application of optimization strategies for the cost of beams in reinforced concrete buildings and to propose pre-sizing parameters. In order for these goals to be met, an optimization software program was developed. The program combines the analysis of structures by the grid model, reinforced concrete siz...

Apresentam-se dois modelos matemáticos de otimização os quais, considerando os dados do trânsito da região que se pretende otimizar, possibilitam fornecer tempos de verde que visam minimizar o tempo de percurso veicular. Também são apresentados os resultados computacionais obtidos com a investigação desses modelos em um estudo realizado na região c...

O processo de dimensionamento estrutural é um processo iterativo, onde o projetista estima as características de sua estrutura para, a partir disso, verificar se a mesma atende à critérios de estabilidade e conforto. Isso torna o sucesso do projeto fundamentalmente dependente da experiência e intuição do engenheiro calculista. Para tornar esse proc...

This work presents the development and implementation of a mathematical formulation for obtaining optimal sections of reinforced concrete columns subjected to uniaxial flexural compression. In order to minimize the cost of the reinforced concrete columns, the amount and diameters of the reinforcement bars and the dimensions of the columns cross sec...

Infrastructure is an indispensable and decisive requirement for the economic development of a country; it is directly linked to the set of structural economic activities and serves as the foundation for the development of other activities. In this context, the bridges have fundamental importance to the social and economical development of the citie...

The search for a design that meets both performance and safety, with minimal cost and lesser environmental impact was always the goal of structural engineers. In general, the design of conventional reinforced concrete structures is an iterative process based on rules of thumb established from the personal experience and intuition of the designer. H...

O trabalho apresenta a identificação de patologias presentes em pontes de madeira, caracterizando um recorte de levantamento das pontes existentes no município de Pato Branco ‐ Paraná, estudo realizado para identificar os danos mais recorrentes, fornecer subsídios aos administradores, buscando assegurar o correto funcionamento da infraestrutura de...

The search for a design that meets both performance and safety, with minimal cost and lesser environmental impact was always the goal of structural engineers. In general, the design of conventional reinforced concrete structures is an iterative process based on rules of thumb established from the personal experience and intuition of the designer. H...

Cold-formed profiles has been used in large scale in Building industry, due to the easy way to product them and the wide range of sections feasible to accomplish with the project needs. The search for a maximum performance of structural elements with the low use of material is a challenge of today and future for engineering. This paper presents a n...

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo numérico de otimização de perfis U formados a frio, com e sem enrijecedores de borda, submetidos à flexão simples. Com o objetivo de fornecer parâmetros para o dimensionamento otimizado desses perfis, o problema foi formulado buscando-se a determinação das dimensões que conduzem à minimização da seção transversal e...

A partir da experiência já consolidada no Curso de Engenharia Civil da Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), em 2009 foi implementada uma Competição de Pontes de Espaguete para alunos do Ensino Médio. O projeto, designado como Uma Ponte para o Futuro, envolveu apenas as Escolas do Município de Passo Fundo e, de forma mais específica, os alunos do segu...

The present study aim to show a numerical study that concerns with the optimal design of cold-formed channel section subjected to bending, with and without stiffeners. The main goal is to offer parameters for the optimal design for that kind of cold-formed profiles, with the objective to reduce the cross section element. The methodology used is bas...

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a aplicacao do Microsoft Excel Solver na otimizacao de paredes de silos metalicos prismaticos enrijecidas, conformadas com ondas horizontais em ziguezague e trapezoidal, buscando a construcao de uma ferramenta auxiliar ao projetista estrutural. Alguns resultados sao apresentados com o intuito de ilust...

The aim of this work is to present the application of Microsoft Excel Solver to the optimization of stiffened walls of metallic prismatic silos, profiled in trapezoidal and zigzag sections, seeking the construction of an auxiliary tool to structural designers. Some numerical results are presented in order illustrate the use of Solver, as well as to...

Existem inúmeras soluções para racionalização dos custos de construção de estruturas de concreto armado, todas aceitáveis do ponto de vista da estabilidade e da funcionalidade. No entanto, uma vez que o custo dessas estruturas é influenciado por diversos fatores (tais como pela área de aço, volume de concreto e resistência e demais propriedades dos...

O Município de Marau, no Rio Grande do Sul, possui uma ampla rede de coleta de resíduos sólidos. Atualmente, a totalidade do Município é atendida por essa rede, composta pela coleta porta-a-porta na zona urbana (tanto lixo comum como coleta seletiva), e pela coleta seletiva efetuada em pontos pré-determinados na zona rural. Com o objetivo de red...