M.N. Sudin

• PhD (Engineering Design)
• Senior Lecturer at Technical University of Malaysia Malacca

Plantation of palm oil in Malaysia is one of the top contributor of the economy. In order to match the supply of palm oil fruit with demand, different harvesting methods are used such as the existing motorized cutter. Although it can reduce the harvesting time and the number of labors involved in harvesting process, the tight arrangement of oil pal...

This paper presents the systematic design process and prototype development of a prayer counter. The prayer counter is used to count the number of units of prayers or raka’at, based on the number of prostrations. The unit of prayer is determined by the accumulated number of prostration, which are two prostrations for one unit of prayer. The prayer...

A void is a structural defect resulting from the 3D printing process. The presence of voids compromises the structural integrity of a 3D-printed component, resulting in a reduction in durability and functionality. Currently, the only technique used to correlate FDM process parameters with mechanical properties is tensile testing. Nonetheless, this...

The gripper is required because it is the portion of the robot that makes direct contact with the object being grasped. It should weigh as little as possible without compromising functionality or its performance. This study aims to reconsider the construction of a lightweight robotic gripper by modifying the gripper's materials and topology. Using...

The nozzle of a 3D printer extrudes molten filament onto the print surface. The detachable and adjustable nozzle of a 3D printer allows for the printing of lines of varying thickness. This study intends to investigate the effect of nozzle diameter on the tensile and flexural properties of printed specimens. The tensile and flexural specimens were p...

The mechanical properties of fused deposition modelling (FDM) parts are the most common indicator in defining their potential for a specific application. The reason for the low strength of FDM printed parts is that they are not as strong as their conventionally manufactured counterparts. It is an anisotropic characteristic due to the voids between...

The part produced by the fused filament fabrication 3D printer in terms of tensile strength and surface roughness depends mainly on the printing parameters and the environmental printing conditions. In this paper, nitrogen gas had been allowed to flow inside the 3D printer chamber to exclude oxygen in the printing environment. Tensile and surface r...

One of the drawbacks of fused filament fabrication 3D printer is that the surface roughness of the printed part is excessively rough due to layer by layer deposition process. This study intended to examine the effect of surface roughness on the layer thickness and infill design of 3D machine parameters of a 1cm 3 block printed using PLA, PETG and m...

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has developed a wide range of processes and applications. This technology is a new approach to modern manufacturing and is gaining interest from the research community due to its ability to create affordable, large-scale components. Nevertheless, WAAM may affected by porosity, humping and undercut. These i...

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is relatively a new approach to 3D metal printing technology. The process is capable of producing complex parts directly from 3D computer-aided design data by utilizing normal welding equipment. Gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, and plasma arc welding are three different types of hea...

This work analyzes the feasibility of a design of a foldable chair that is strapped onto the user. It can be used anywhere as the user needs to sit. Many chairless chairs or wearable-chairs have been invented over the years. Here, the focus is on the findings from the simulations and analyses performed to investigate the critical stress area in the...

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a crucial technique in the fabrication of 3D metallic structures. It is increasingly being used worldwide to reduce costs and time. Generally, AM technology is used to overcome the limitations of traditional subtractive manufacturing (SM) for fabricating large-scale components with lower buy-to-fly ratios....

Since, the material wear is an important phenomenon influencing the functionality of a part, this research was carried with the aims to study the friction and wear behaviour of parts made of ABS composite material by FDM. This study also compare the friction and wear behaviour of ABS composite with the existing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)...

This paper studies the effect of Layer Thickness and Fill Angle on tensile stress of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) parts for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced ABS (CFRABS) materials by using Taguchi Method, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). From the results, it was found that la...

3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that enables the fabrication of 3D data by depositing a thin layer of material layer-by-layer until a final product is produced. Recently, the application of metal-based material has been increasingly utilized. However, the price is expensive and limited to certain applications only. Thus,...

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing/additive manufacturing (AM) technology that creates a part layer by layer. However, the printed parts have poor surface finish and staircase effect, which is the inherent characteristics of FDM printed parts. This contributes to poor quality of the final components. Thus, in this paper, post process...

3D printing has been introduced to fabricate the prototypes in shortened time and cost-effective. However, the constraint of this system is its manufacturability and printed part quality in terms of surface roughness and tensile strength. In this experiment, the 3D printing processing method was discussed to study the effect of inert gas assisted 3...

3D printing or also known as additive manufacturing (AM) processes fabricate complex mechanical structures by using deposition of the filaments layer by layer technique. AM process has a good capability to fabricate the complex structure compares to conventional machining. However, there is limited design guideline for AM even for the most used AM...

This paper investigates the effectiveness and accuracy of open source 3D printer of Mendel Max and Kossel Mini that used the additive manufacturing technique of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). A benchmark of the 3D printer test model was designed based on critical features of AM process i.e. hemispheres, cube, cylinders and slots. The benchmark w...

This paper experimentally observed the effect of the sago starch based adhesive when applied onto the printing platform to reduce the warping deformation of curling, overhang, side and internal shrinkage. Test specimens with frame of 100 × 30 × 10 mm 3 with rectangular cavity of 24 x 60 mm 2 and various angles setup were produced by using fused dep...

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a technology that built 3D objects by adding material layer-by-layer. There are tremendous studies have been conducted regarding this new emerging technology to transform the printed part from being a prototyping tool to a manufacturing process that can create durable and functional goods, and comparable to...

One of the problems in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D Printing process is that the extruded plastic filament tends to shrink and warp from the printing platform. The purpose of this research is to explore the warping deformation problem in four aspects i.e. curling, pincushion effect, trapezoid deformation and blocked shrinkage that usually oc...

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most common 3D process where parts are created layer by layer. Recently, researchers started to study on the different structure that FDM cannot fabricate such as overhang structure. The objective of this paper is to investigate the manufacturability of the overhang structure at various lengths. The overhang s...

The purpose of this paper is to minimize the warp deformation that usually occurs to plastic part produced by 3D printers. The process involved 3D solid modeling to design, 3D printing with coated adhesive applied on the printing platform, warping deformation measurement and statistical analysis. The optimization processes involved Design on Experi...

This paper aims at giving an application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a Multi Criteria Decision Making method for the selection of a motorcycle tire dismounting tool. Four criteria and four sub-criteria were identified for the selection of the best design concept from three alternative solutions. It was observed that a design concept-1 ha...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the warping deformation problem by applying adhesive material instead of applying heat onto the open source 3D printing bed. The research processes involved investigating the power consumptions of open source 3D printers, preparation of the 3D printing model and adhesive material, tensile strength of adhe...

In this paper, new methods for ergonomic analysis of cyclist for 4-wheel recumbent seat human-powered vehicle (HPV) are performed. An ergonomic index with fundamental formulation is developed in order to determine the level of comfortness during handling of the HPV. Basic reference of sitting postures are produced from three HPVs for 20 different i...

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a technology that built 3D objects by adding material layer-by-layer. There are tremendous studies have been conducted regarding this new emerging technology to transform the printed part from being a prototyping tool to a manufacturing process that can create durable and functional goods, and comparable to...

This paper presents the sustainable of laminated rubber-metal spring (LR-MS) in transverse vibration. The free-fixed boundary condition, longitudinal and rotational force are chosen to represents the transverse behavior of the LR-MS model. The mathematical model is developed and finally the dynamic stiffness matrix for all elements inside the LR-MS...

The purpose of this paper is to study the used of cassava based adhesive on the platform of 3D printer machines, Kossel Mini, Fab Gear and Mendel Max in order to reduce the warping deformation of Polylactic Acid material. A Tensile Strength of Adhesive by Means Bar and Rod Specimens test (ASTM D2095) has been prepared to measure the strength of the...

This paper presents the comparative study of design efficiency of two different brands of products, performing the same function using the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method. The study aims to compare the products on the relative design efficiency. The DFMA method was used as it is a well-established technique for improving the eff...

Failure of a component that due to extreme load events such as strong shock can affect the overall quality and reliability of the mechanical component groups. As such, the study needs to be done to draw the behavior of failure data using the fatigue life and reliability characteristics of extreme fatigue life failure statistical approach. This rese...

This paper presents the effects of carbon loading on the mechanical properties of the vulcanized epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) containing 25% mole epoxidation. The ENR 25 with four different carbon loadings (0, 20, 40, and 60 p.h.r.) have been used in this study. Two tests were selected to determine the mechanical properties of the ENR 25 which a...

This research investigates the dimensional accuracy of parts produced using the additive manufacturing method of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The fabrication of parts was carried out based on the standard value of process parameter of Stratasys FDM 400MC machine. Parts with four common features of products in different sizes were fabricated in...

This paper implements the 'ShapeChanger' code with MATLAB to approximate a set of planar profiles that have significant differences in arc length. The first step is to specify the types of segments; the mean segments (M-segments) or/and the constant curvature segments (C-segments). Then, a chain of rigid body segments from a set of points is create...

This paper presents the effects of carbon black (CB) fillers towards the tensile properties (tensile modulus, tensile stress) and microstructure of natural rubber (NR) compound under the applied force. Two types of the unvulcanized Standard Malaysian Rubber-Constant Viscosity 60 (SMR-CV 60) compound which are the unfilled and the CB-filled compound...

Airframe noise reduction becomes a main interest among researchers who study the performance of aircrafts. The airframe noise can occur between the high-lift systems and main body of the airfoil. The proposed shape-changing airfoil is one of many ideas to reduce airframe noise by eliminating the gap between the main body and high-lift systems. This...

This paper presents a kinematic procedure to synthesize planar mechanisms that are capable of approximating a shape change defined by a set of morphed slat design profiles. This work applies a chain of rigid bodies connected by revolute and prismatic joints that can approximate a general set of design profiles that have significant differences in a...

Change of automotive component material for any particular purposed (i.e. weight reduction, cost reduction) may affect the manufacturing process which will influence the final geometry of product. For this reason, an original automotive brake pedal that was initially made of steel was substituted with aluminum alloy and aim to be manufactured by ca...

In this work, a Malaysian passenger vehicle is tested and driven on a predetermined route. The dynamic performances of the vehicles are studied based on roll moment and 3-axis vibrations. A simple data acquisition system with gyro and 3-axes accelerometer is used. The dynamic performances of the vehicles are analyzed based on road conditions such a...

Two units of all terrain vehicles (ATV) have been designed and developed by 3rd year automotive students of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FME), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). The purposes of this project are to design and develop low cost ATVs. The students have to organize themselves to design and build the ATVs within budget con...

The previously fabricated all terrain vehicle (ATV) chassis and components' designs are further analyzed. The analysis consider the weight distribution ratio during acceleration and braking for the ATV components namely wishbone arm, swing arm and shaft. Preliminary analysis of torsion and static are also performed on the chassis and components. Th...

Recent spikes in fuel prices and concern regarding greenhouse gas emissions, automotive design engineers are faced with the immediate task of introducing more efficient aerodynamic designs vehicles. The aerodynamic drags of a road vehicle is responsible for a large part of the vehicle's fuel consumption and contribute up to 50% of the total vehicle...

Nowadays, automotive industry is continuing to strive for light weight vehicle in improving fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. To produce a better performance car it is important to design vehicles with optimum weight. In order to reduce the weight of vehicle without sacrificing its integrity, this project aims to employ topology optimization...

Nowadays, automotive industry is continuing to strive for light weight vehicle in improving fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. To produce a better performance car it is important to design vehicles with optimum weight. In order to reduce the weight of vehicle without sacrificing its integrity, this project aims to employ topology optimization...

Recent spikes in fuel prices and concern regarding greenhouse gas emissions, automotive design engineers are faced with the immediate task of introducing more efficient aerodynamic designs vehicles. The aerodynamic drags of a road vehicle is responsible for a large part of the vehicle’s fuel consumption and contribute up to 50% of the total vehicle...

Functional basis is a design language consisting of a set of functions and a set of flows that are used to form a sub-function. This paper presents the application of functional basis to develop a functional model during the conceptual design of an electrical shoe dryer. In this research, reconciled functional basis was employed to develop the func...

User-Centred Design (UCD) is an approach which aims to improve the management of user requirements in the product development process. The main aim of this approach is to incorporate the users into the product development process in very early phase, as to obtain direct requirements and immediate feedback from them. This paper presents the integrat...

This paper describes the conceptual design of cantilever support for long haul bus passenger seat. The advantages of cantilever bus seat structure is light weight, the luggage can be put under the seat and it is easy for floor cleanup. The total design technique was used to develop the cantilever support. Market survey was conducted to study on cur...

Most existing products are designed without consideration of one-handed users. This includes the equipment and tools normally used in motorcycle workshops. A majority of these products demand a two-handed user by default and unintentionally deny access to one-handed users. Thus, this project aims to design and fabricate a prototype of a motorcycle...

Specification is an integral part of the product development process. Frequently, more than a single version of a specification is produced due to changes in requirements. These changes are often necessary to ensure the scope of the design problem is as clear as possible. However, the negative effects of such changes include an increase in lead-tim...

The role of design specification in the design process is recognised as significant because it helps design engineers to proceed from the abstract to the concrete solution so as to fulfill the aim of the product. Thus to obtain insight about the role of design specifications during the design process, a case study was carried out in a consultancy c...

Engineering changes (ECs) constitutes a normal part of a product's lifecycle. This paper aims to understand why changes are made to a product's specification during a product's lifecycle including understanding: the distribution of changes; the drivers for changes; how changes are discovered; which design attributes likely be changed; the initiatio...

This paper describes the development of the Knowledge Based System (KBS) for material selection in bumper beam design. The KBS is an expert system used to select the most suitable material by defining constraint values into the system. The aim of this project is to select the most suitable material for an automotive bumper beam. The selection metho...

In this paper, a conceptual design approach to the development of polymeric-based composite automotive bumper system is presented. Various methods of creativity, such as mindmapping, product design specifications, brainstorming, morphology chart, analogy and weighted objective methods are employed for the development of composite bumper fascia and...

An automobile bumper fascia is a component, which contributes to vehicle crashworthiness during front or rear collisions. In the past, the fascia was made of plastic materials. The weight reduction in the bumper fascia without sacrificing the safety of the car was extensively studied. In this paper, the bumper fascia made of polymeric based composi...

An automobile bumper is a structural component, which contributes to vehicle crashworthiness or occupant protection during front or rear collisions. The bumper systems also protect the hood, trunk, fuel, exhaust and cooling system as well as safety related equipments. A brief description of bumper components and a critical review of polymer-based b...