M.M.R. Jahangir

Bangladesh Agricultural University | BAU · Department of Soil Science

The adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) practices is likely to alter soil phosphorus (P) pools and availability leading to changes in P fertilizer use and management. However, the impacts of CA practices on soil P fractions and their distribution in the soil profile under rice‐based systems is not well‐understood. This study examined the effe...

POTASSIUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRACTICES IN BANGLADESH

Conventional agriculture is a major contributor to soil quality degradation and compromises agroecosystem services. Transitioning to Conservation Agriculture (CA) alters biological diversity, efficiency, and the carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry associated with soil quality. Glomalin, a protein metabolite produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM...

Conservation Agriculture (CA) is promoted as a novel practice for high yielding, rice-based crop rotations but there has been limited study of its effects on sulfur (S) balance. In an annual rice-rice-wheat cropping pattern, common in the Eastern Gangetic Plain (EGP), we evaluated S balance and crop productivity after 24 consecutive crops with mini...

Bangladesh's aquaculture industry, a significant contributor to the global aquaculture sector, faces the environmental challenge of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigates GHG emissions from three prevalent freshwater aquaculture systems in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, focusing on Indian major carps (IMC), Pangasius catfish (PG), and Til...

Bangladesh stands third in global rice production while complete modernization of rice production is not fully enforced. The boon of nano agriculture might circumvent the challenge of increasing the yield with minimal ecological damage. Nanofertilizer might be one of the solutions to address the problem of modern agriculture confronting environment...

Fossil fuels, land use, and agriculture are the three major sources contributing to the rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). Agricultural activities including the production of rice, animal raising, and aquaculture directly contribute to GHG emissions. Approximately one fourth of all GHG emissions are attributable to agricultural operations...

Understanding of soil phosphorus (P) transformation is crucial to minimize its edge-of-field loss associated with ecosystem disservices. A sequential chemical extraction procedure was used to assess the impact (42 years) of organic and chemical fertilizations on soil P partition and distribution under subtropical rice based cropping systems. Experi...

Intensive rice-based systems are mining soil potassium (K) due to negative K balances. Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices may increase yield and economic return of rice-based systems but there is limited understanding of their effects on K pools and balances. This study evaluated crop productivity and K input–output balances under contrasting...

Maize production requires a large amount of nitrogen (N). However, a greater part of the N used gets lost to the environment as reactive forms including nitrous oxide (N 2 O). N 2 O emissions and associated soil-related factors were measured in a maize (Zea mays L.) field in the 5 th crop after initiation of the experiment in an annual maize-rice s...

Aim Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in subtropical cropping systems is low causing a large quantity of reactive N loss to the environment. However, the mechanisms and pathways of such losses are poorly understood. The objectives of the research were to quantify N volatilization rates and corresponding NUE in a biochar and nitrapyrin-treated cabbage f...

Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades o...

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, which influences multiple physiological systems. Determination of the critical limit (CL) of Mn in the soil is necessary for Mn fertilizer application as this limit delineates the deficiency, optimum, and toxicity ranges of Mn. A pot experiment was performed in the winter season with 20 soils...

Sustainable nitrogen (N) management represents the nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of crops associated with agricultural productivity. The NUE and sustainable N management index (SNMI) of different crops were evaluated with two levels of crop residues (no residue, NR vs. 30 cm residue, CR) and four levels of N fertilizers (control, CL; farmers' pract...

To evaluate the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) on SOC pools and their lability, field experiments (2015–2020) were conducted on contrasting soils under subtropical climates. The experiment on non-calcareous soils, was comprised of tillage (minimum [MT] vs. conventional [CT]) in main plots, cropping systems (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]—Aus a...

There are many cropping systems followed in Floodplain soils for enhancing cropping intensity for increasing crop production, but greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions balances of agricultural systems are rarely reported. To estimate the carbon (C) footprints of agricultural products a co-designed C footprint calculation tool with a life cycle assessment...

Conservation Agriculture

Legumes in Conservation Agriculture (CA) have the potential to increase crop productivity and sustainability of the rice-based system. However, there is limited information available on the importance of legume crops in CA in the rice-based system of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (EIGP). Rice-based cropping is the mainstay of the people in Bangla...

Legumes in Conservation Agriculture (CA) have the potential to increase crop productivity and sustainability of the rice-based system. However, there is limited information available on the importance of legume crops in CA in the rice-based system of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (EIGP). Rice-based cropping is the mainstay of the people in Bangla...

Intensive cropping in the Eastern Gangetic Plain has progressively depleted soil potassium (K) over time due to negative K balances. There is limited understanding of how alternative soil and crop management practices under Conservation Agriculture (CA) will alter the soil K pools in such soils. We hypothesized that long-term CA will reduce K deple...

Switching from conventional to conservation agriculture (CA) practices may affect the soil microbial community; however, such information in rice-based systems is yet to be explored. Two field experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2020 on contrasting soils (calcareous vs non-calcareous) to evaluate the CA effects on soil microbial populations and...

Conservation Agriculture in Intensive Rice Based Systems

SULPHUR DYNAMICS AND BALANCE IN SOILS IN THE WHEAT-RICE-RICE CROPPING PATTERN UNDER LONG-TERM CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR DYNAMICS AND BALANCE IN SOILS IN THE MUSTARD-MUNGBEAN-RICE CROPPING PATTERN UNDER LONG-TERM INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

The world is confronted with one of the most difficult tasks of the twenty-first century, satisfying society's expanding food demands while causing agriculture's environmental impacts. Rice security is the food security for South Asian countries. Rice production requires a large amount of water and fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer, whe...

Ammonia (NH3) emission from rice fields is a dominant nitrogen (N) loss pathway causing negative impacts on farm profitability and the environment. Reducing N fertilizer application to compensate for N inputs in organic amendments was evaluated for e􀀀ects on N loss via volatilization, rice yields and post-harvest soil properties in an annual irriga...

As macronutrients, management of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) is prime in importance when wheat is cultivated. Both have a significant impact on the improvement of growth and yield attributes. In addition, S and N also play an imperative role in the enhancement of seed protein contents. However, the need of the time is the selection of their optimum...

We conducted a study over four rice seasons to assess the effects of dairy manure application on water loss, nutrient leach-ing, and rice yield compared to chemical fertilization. Water input, soil water storage, water percolation, plant growth, and yield data were recorded under triplicate field lysimeters that received either chemical fertilizers...

Dhaka city is highly vulnerable to environmental pollution as a result of overpopulation, rapid industrialization, and urbanization in recent decades. A survey was carried out during winter season of 2019 to investigate the effects of tannery industry effluents on hydrogeochemistry, chromium, nickel and lead concentrations in river water and sedime...

This review paper focuses on the current state of poultry waste generation, composition, and management techniques in commercial poultry farms and trading in Bangladesh, to reduce pollution and generate economic benefits from poultry waste. It also underlines the negative impact of poultry waste disposal on the environment. In Bangladesh, collectio...

Ammonia (NH3) fluxes and their soil-related factors were quantified in irrigated maize and potato fields by two split-plot experiments with and without crop residue (CR) together with four fertilizer N rates: N zero (control), farmers’ N (FP), recommended N (RD) and 25% above RD (1.25 RD). CR application together with RD increased NH3 fluxes in mai...

Conservation Agriculture (CA) is still a relatively new approach for intensively cultivated (3 crops yr-1) rice-based cropping systems that produce high crop yield and amounts of residues annually. With the recent development of transplanting of rice into tilled strips on non-puddled soil, CA could become feasible for rice-based cropping patterns....

Long term depletion of sulfur (S) in soils is common in many cropping systems globally, and especially in intensive, rice-based rotations in Asia. We hypothesized that Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices (minimal soil disturbance and crop residue retention) will increase S in soils primarily through changes in soil organic carbon (SOC). A long...

Soil total organic carbon (TOC) is a composite indicator of soil quality with implications for crop production and the regulation of soil ecosystem services. Research reports on the dynamics of TOC as a consequence of soil management practices in subtropical climatic conditions, where microbial carbon (C) loss is high, are very limited. The objecti...

Wetland rice cultivation contributes significantly to global warming potential (GWP), an effect which is largely attributed to emissions of methane (CH4). Emerging technologies for wetland rice production such as conservation agriculture (CA) may mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the effects are not well defined. Investigations were carr...

The critical limit for zinc (Zn) varies from 0.38 to 2 μg/g soil depending on the crop and soil type. However, the critical limit for Zn was not explored recently for rice and potato cultivation in the floodplain soils of Bangladesh. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the critical limits of Zn in soil and plants for rice and potato cultiva...

Soil acidification and charland formation through alluvial sand deposition are emerging threats to food security in Bangladesh in that they endanger crop production in about 35% of its territory. The integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) is a globally accepted nutrient management approach designed to revive the damaged soils’ fertility level. Tot...

Globally, biochar research in relation to soil fertility improvement and environmental remediation has gained interest in the last decade. However, a limited number of biochar researches have been conducted in Bangladesh leaving its scope and opportunities unused in Bangladesh. Here, we collected and synthesized the findings of the biochar research...

Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) is practiced worldwide to maintain soil quality. Two field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 in acidic and charland soils to assess the impact of different manures, viz., poultry manure (PM), vermicompost (VC), compost (OF), rice husk biochar (RHB), poultry manure biochar (PMB)-based IPNS, and dolom...

Understanding nitrogen (N) release patterns and kinetics is a key challenge for improving N use efficiency in any agroecosystem. An incubation experiment was done to study the N release pattern and kinetics of contrasting soils amended with compost (CO), poultry manure (PM), rice husk biochar (RHB), poultry manure biochar (PMB) and cowdung (CD) com...

The impacts of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) in conservation agriculture need short-term evaluation before continuation of its long-term practice. A split-split plot experiment with tillage (minimum tillage, MT vs. conventional tillage, CT) as the main plot, residue (20% residue, R vs. no residue as a control, NR) as the sub-plot, and...

Nitrogen (N) is the prime nutrient for crop production and carbon-based functions associated with soil quality. The objective of our study (2012 to 2019) was to evaluate the impact of variable rates of N fertilization on soil organic carbon (C) pools and their stocks, stratification, and lability in subtropical wheat (Triticum aestivum)—mungbean (V...

In this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha −1), BC (10 Mg ha −1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L to...

In intensively managed agricultural systems, fertilizer management has great impact on the size and activity of microbial functional communities. However, the effects are not clear due to the variability of soil type, climate and cropping diversity. We have investigated microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soils under seven consecutive years...

Inefficient water management in rice paddy is responsible for a large quantity of water and nutrient loss, which causes tremendous economic and environmental costs. Yet, quantified data on the water and nutrient losses are limited. A study was conducted during 2018–2019 with an Aman (wet)-Boro (dry)-Aman (wet) rice rotation to evaluate the effect o...

Data by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) clearly showed that anthropogenic emissions of the three major greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased significantly since the industrial revolution in the mid of the 18th century (IPCC, 2014, Jackson et al., 2020, Peters et al., 202...

Soil physico-chemical properties are an important phenomenon for sustainable crop production and maintenance of optimum soil health. Hence, a laboratory measurement was conducted with soil samples of three years long experimental field of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to assess the changes in five se...

Manganese (Mn) as an essential plant micronutrient affects plant development, when at deficient or toxic levels. Manganese is used in several biological processes as an important contributor in plant growth and development. Manganese uptake depends on forms of Mn in soil solution, crop characteristics including growth rate, and ineteractions with o...

Nitrogen (N) loss from rice production systems in the form of ammonia (NH3) can be a significant N loss pathway causing significant economic and environmental costs. Yet, data on NH3 fluxes in wetland rice ecosystems are still very scarce which limits the accuracy of national and global NH3 budgets. We measured the NH3 fluxes in situ in a wetland r...

Nitrogen (N) loss from rice production systems in the form of ammonia (NH3) can be a significant N loss pathway causing significant economic and environmental costs. Yet, data on NH3 fluxes in wetland rice ecosystems are still very scarce which limits the accuracy of national and global NH3 budgets. We measured the NH3 fluxes in situ in a wetland r...

Micrometeorological techniques are useful if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from larger areas (i.e. entire fields) should be integrated. The theory and the various techniques such as flux-gradient, aerodynamic, and Bowen ratio as well as Eddy correlation methods are described and discussed. Alternative methods also used are Eddy correlation, mass b...

Agricultural lands make up approximately 37% of the global land surface, and agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Those GHGs are responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic global warming effect. Agricultural GHG emissions are associ...

Methods Method and techniques are described for automatedAutomation, automated measurements of greenhouse gasesGreenhouse Gases (GHGs) (GHGsGreenhouse Gases (GHGs)) in both the laboratory and the field. Robotic systems are currently available to measure the entire range of gases evolved from soils including dinitrogenDinitrogen (N2) (N2). These sys...

Several approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 , from soil surfaces. The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from agricultural sites are chamber-based techniques. Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers. The advantag...

GHGemissions are usually the result of several simultaneous processes. Furthermore, some gases such as N 2 are very difficult to quantify and require special techniques. Therefore, in this chapter, the focus is on stable isotopemethods. Both natural abundance techniques and enrichment techniques are used. Especially in the last decade, a number of...

Soils harbour diverse soil faunaSoil faunaandFungi a wide range of soil microorganisms. These fauna and microorganisms directly contribute to soil greenhouse gasGreenhouse Gases (GHGs) (GHGGreenhouse Gases (GHGs)) fluxes via their respiratory and metabolic activities and indirectly by changing the physical, chemical and biological properties of soi...

Agriculture is a significant source of GHGsglobally and ruminant livestock animals are one of the largest contributors to these emissions, responsible for an estimated 14% of GHGs (CH 4 and N 2 O combined) worldwide. A large portion of GHG fluxes from agricultural activities is related to CH 4 emissions from ruminants. Both direct and indirect meth...

The rapidly changing global climate due to increased emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) is leading to an increased occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves. The three major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The major natural sources of CO 2 include ocean–a...

Background: The soils under continuous rice monocropping are currently facing a serious threat of accelerated soil and environmental quality degradation. Aims: Examining the impact of tillage and cropping diversity on soil aggregate stability and associated nutrients in a sub‐tropical rice ecosystem. Methods: A split‐plot experiment with tillage (m...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were measured in irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) in an annual wheat- mungbean (Vigna radiata)-rice (Oryza sativa L) rotation that had been running for seven consecutive years. Effect of two soil disturbance levels (strip vs. conventional tillage; ST vs. CT both with 30% residue retention) and three nitrogen (N) fer...

Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICW) area technology for the attenuation of contaminants such as organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and sulphur (S) in water coming from point or diffuse sources. Currently there is a lack of knowledge on the rates of gross N transformations in soils of the ICW bed leading to losses of reactive N to t...

Understanding the mechanisms of soil microbial ecology requires quantifying the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil basal respiration (BR) along with other soil labile carbons(C). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR) , particulate organic carbon (POC), and permanganate oxidizeable carbon (POXC) were quantified at 0-15 and 15-3...

Long-term practices of conventional rice based agriculture cause serious concerns to the sustenance of soil fertility. To ensure food security and agricultural sustainability under a changing climate, switching to conservation agriculture (CA) practices is a rising technology in the world. Microbial biomass and soil enzyme act as a very sensitive b...

Development was conventionally driven by one particular need, without fully considering the wider or future impacts. This kind of approach has now been considered to be responsible for the economic and environmental catastrophes that humans are facing: from large scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking to the changes in global climat...