Mladen Živčić

Slovenian Environment Agency · Seismology and geology Office

The area of the NW Dinarides lies in the northeastern corner of the Adriatic microplate – a promontory of the African plate – which plays a major role in the collision processes occurring in the peri-Adriatic region. Taking advantage of the greatly increased amount of data due to the modernization of the Slovenian seismological network, improved cr...

Seismogenic depth and seismic coupling are important inputs into seismic hazard estimates. Although the importance of seismic coupling is often overlooked, it significantly impacts seismic hazard results. We present an estimation of upper and lower seismogenic depth and expected hypocentral depth and seismic coupling in the transition zone between...

The seismogenic depth and seismic coupling are important inputs into seismic hazard estimates. Although the importance of seismic coupling is often overlooked, it significantly impacts seismic hazard results. We present an estimation of upper and lower seismogenic depth and hypocentral depth and seismic coupling in the transition zone between the A...

5 km jugozahodno od Petrinje se je 29. decembra 2020 ob 12. uri in 19 minut po lokalnem času (oz. 11.19 UTC) zgodil močen potres z lokalno magnitudo 6,2. Zatresel je tudi slovenska tla. Najmočneje so ga čutili prebivalci obmejnih območjih Slovenije s Hrvaško. V prispevku so opisane glavne značilnosti potresa, predstavljeni so učinki potresa v Slove...

In 2020 the Seismic Network of the Republic of Slovenia recorded 2209 local earthquakes. There were 22 earthquakes with a local magnitude equal to or higher than 2.0. The strongest earthquake with the epicentre in Slovenia in 2020, with a local magnitude of 3.9, was observed on 17 July at 02:50 UTC near Čezsoča. Its maximum intensity was IV−V EMS-9...

22. marca 2020 ob 6. uri in 24 minut po lokal-nem času se je severno od Zagreba zgodil močen potres z lokalno magnitudo (M L) 5,5*. V Zagrebu in okoliških krajih je povzročil veliko škode, umrla je ena oseba. Zatresel je tudi slovenska tla. V Sloveniji so ga najmočneje čutili prebivalci obmejnih območjih Gorjancev, Bizeljskega, Kozjanskega in Haloz...

Slovenia is an earthquake-prone country with a moderate seismic hazard, characterized by relatively long recurrence intervals for strong earthquakes. With newly compiled data and revised info on active faults of the region, we are now able to supplement and enhance the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, which was previously based mainly on th...

The studied area of the northwestern (NW) Dinarides is located in the northeastern (NE) corner of the Adriatic microplate and is bordered by the Adriatic foreland, the Southern Alps, and the Pannonian basin. Its complex crustal structure is the result of interactions among different tectonic units, the most important of which are the Eurasian plate...

Following the damaging earthquake of 22 March 2020 (ML = 5.5, Mw = 5.3, Imax = VII EMS) in Zagreb, a question was raised whether this was the largest event after the Great Zagreb earthquake of 1880 (Imax = VIII MSK). The countercandidates are the events of 17 December 1905 and 2 January 1906, for which relevant earthquake catalogues mostly report l...

Leta 2020 je bila potresna dejavnost v Sloveniji rahlo pod dolgoletnim povprečjem. Državna mreža potresnih opazovalnic je zabeležila 2210 potresov v Sloveniji ali bližnji okolici. Prebivalci so čutili vsaj 156 lokalnih potresov, 31 potresov z žariščem na Hrvaškem in en potres z žariščem na Madžarskem. Oseminštirideset od njih jih je imelo lokalno m...

The investigated area of the NW Dinarides is located at the NE corner of the Adriatic microplate and is bordered by the Adriatic foreland, the Southern Alps, and the Pannonian basin. Its complex crustal structure is the result of interactions among different tectonic units, mainly the Eurasian plate and the Adriatic microplate. Despite numerous sei...

Analyses of available data (newspaper reports, historical and church chronicles, chronical earthquake overviews, travel books, monographies, research papers, etc.) on effects of the earthquakes that shook the greater Ormož area at the Slovenian-Croatian border in the 1838 and 1839 revealed that one of them, recorded in a number of regional and glob...

The complex tectonic setup of eastern Europe—resulting in strong spatial variations of the local seismic hazard—caused relevant institutions of neighboring countries to form a research cooperation to ease seismological research cooperations across borders. Here, we briefly introduce the original and new Central and Eastern Europe Earthquake Researc...

The 30 March 1738 earthquake with an epicenter near Čakovec in Međimurje (Croatia) is the largest known earthquake in the low-seismicity area that includes northernmost Croatia, northeastern Slovenia, southeastern Austria, and southwestern Hungary. So far, it has attracted very little attention in the seismological communities of those countries. I...

After the 12 April 1998 earthquake in the Upper Soča Valley (M LV = 5.6) in NW Slovenia that caused damage in the epicentral area, the process of the modernisation of the national seismic network started. In 2001 some old stations were equipped with new instruments and from 2002 till 2008 new stations were built and added into network. Currently, t...

In 2017 the Seismic Network of the Republic of Slovenia recorded 2186 local earthquakes, at least 90 of which were felt by the inhabitants. There were 19 earthquakes with a local magnitude equal to or higher than 2.0. The strongest earthquake in Slovenia in 2017 was on 6 July at 16:58 UTC near Litija. Its local magnitude was 2.9 and the maximum int...

Systematic collection of earthquake data and instrumental recording started in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy at the end of 19th century. Several strong earthquakes (Klana, Croatia, in 1870, Belluno, Italy, in 1873 and Zagreb, Croatia, in 1880) prompted national academies of science to organize earthquake studies. After the 1895 Ljubljana earthquake, Ea...

Earthquake activity rate estimation for seismic hazard analysis.

The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps–Apennines–Carpathians–Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institut...

The Klana earthquake sequence with the mainshock on 1 March 1870 (Imax VIII Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik [MSK]) is one of the most important events that occurred in the Rijeka (Croatia) epicentral region. It is remarkable not just because of its impact to the local community and its significance for the seismic hazard in the Rijeka area but also becau...

Verjetnostno ocenjevanje potresne nevarnosti upošteva učinke potresov različnih magnitud z vseh znanih potresnih izvorov na nekem območju. Izhodišče za opredelitev in parametrizacijo prelomnih potresnih izvorov predstavljajo aktivni prelomi, ki so bili v zadnjih letih na območju Slovenije predmet obsežnih raziskav. Na izračun potresne nevarnosti v...

Earthquake activity in Slovenia in 2017 was lower than average. The Seismic Network of the Republic of Slovenia recorded 2105 local earthquakes, at least 90 of which were felt by the local people. There were 19 earthquakes with a local magnitude equal to or higher than 2.0, but there were only three which reached maximum intensity IV-V EMS-98. The...

The nature of the interaction between Adriatic and Euroasian lithospheric plates in the Dinarides is important for understanding the complex tectonic history of the central Mediterranean. Using the data from permanent and temporary seismic stations in the wider Dinaric region, we imaged the lithospheric and upper mantle structure under this area. S...

This manuscript presents the seismic source characterization models that were developed and used for the Western Balkan region in the framework of Harmonization of Seismic Hazard Maps in the Western Balkan Countries Project (BSHAP II) funded by NATO-Science for Peace and Security Program. Relevant knowledge about the geological and seismotectonic s...

We present macroseismic analyses of three historical earthquakes that occurred in 1750, 1838, and 1904 in the Bakar epicentral area (Rijeka region, Croatia). Using various historical sources, we were able to compile intensity maps and assess macroseismic parameters for each of these events. The estimated epicenters lie close to known active fault s...

Since 2002 the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) in Udine (Italy), the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), are collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data in real time, initially in...

Leta 2016 je državna mreža potresnih opazovalnic zabeležila 2133 potresov v Sloveniji ali bližnji okolici, prebivalci so jih čutili vsaj 118. 22 potresov je imelo lokalno magnitudo večjo ali enako 2,0. Najmočnejši potres leta 2016 z lokalno magnitudo 3,4 se je zgodil 9. aprila ob 13.02 po univerzalnem koordiniranem času (UTC) pri Brežicah. Največja...

Potresno nevarnost ocenjujemo z determinističnim (DSHA) ali verjetnostnim (PSHA) pristopom. Danes PSHA pripisuje velik pomen seizmotektonskim podatkom, ki jih podajamo predvsem v obliki aktivnih prelomov in seizmotektonskih območij. Aktivni prelomi v Sloveniji so bili v zadnjih letih predmet obsežnih raziskav. Rezultati so spodbudili natančnejšo an...

In order to improve the monitoring of seismic activities in the border regions and to enhance the collaboration between countries and seismological institutions in Central Europe, the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO), the Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), the University of Trieste (UniTS) and the Aust...

Since 2002 the OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), and the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) are collecting, analysing, archiving and exchanging seismic data in real time. Up to now th...

Leta 2015 je državna mreža potresnih opazovalnic zabeležila 2886 potresov v Sloveniji ali bližnji okolici, 25 jih je imelo lokalno magnitudo večjo ali enako 2,0. Prebivalci so čutili vsaj 116 potresnih sunkov, med katerimi sta dva povzročila poškodbe. Največjo intenziteto, VII EMS-98, je imel potres, ki se je zgodil 1. novembra ob 7.52 po univerzal...

In 2014 the Seismic Network of the Republic of Slovenia (SNRS) has recorded 5403 local earthquakes, 37 of which had a local magnitude equal or higher than 2.0. The inhabitants felt at least 245 earthquakes, 3 among them caused minor damage. The maximum intensity VI EMS-98, was observed on 13 March at 18:31 UTC (19:31 Central European Time (CET)) in...

With the aim of monitoring the seismic activity in the eastern sector of the Alps, since 2001 OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Bragato et al., 2011) in Udine (Italy), the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Aus...

Ljubljana is one of three regions with the highest seismic hazard in Slovenia. In addition soft sediments in the Ljubljana basin have a strong influence on seismic ground motion. We used macroseismic data to investigate the influence of local geological structure on earthquake intensities in greater Ljubljana area. We determined intensities for ele...

Since 2002, OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Italy, the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Slovenia, and the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Austria are exchanging seismic data in real time. The data exchange is very effective for seismic events at the borders between Ita...

The region of central and eastern Europe is an area characterised by a relatively high seismic risk. Since 2001, to monitor the seismicity of this area, the OGS (Isti-tuto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Italy, the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Slovenia, the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geo-dynami...

Since 2002 the OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), and the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) are using the Antelope software suite (Bragato et al., 2010) as the main tool for collectin...

Povzetek Leta 2014 je državna mreža potresnih opazovalnic zaznala 5413 potresov v Sloveniji ali bližnji okolici, 39 jih je imelo lokalno magnitudo večjo ali enako 2,0. Prebivalci so čutili vsaj 245 potresnih sunkov, trije so povzročili manjše poškodbe. Največjo intenziteto, VI EMS-98, je imel potres, ki se je zgodil 13. marca ob 17.31 po univerzaln...

Aiming at the seismic risk mitigation in the eastern sector of the Alps, since 2002 OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria) are collecting, analyzi...

Karst caves are suitable places for seismological measurements because they are situated under the surface and often have lower seismic noise than locations on the surface. The idea to establish the first underground seismological station in Slovenia has led us to make preliminary seismic noise measurements in Črna Jama (part of the Postojna Cave S...

Since 2002 OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), are collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data in real time. The data exchang...

Since 2002 OGS in Italy, ZAMG in Austria, and ARSO in Slovenia are exchanging seismic data in real time. At the moment the data exchange between the seismic data centres relies on internet: this however is not optimal for civil protection purposes, since internet reliability is poor. For this reason in 2012 the Protezione Civile di Bolzano in Italy...

Since 2002 OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), and the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) are using the Antelope software suite as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving and...

Since 2002 the OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), and the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) are using the Antelope software suite as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving...

The region of the Central and Eastern Europe is an area characterised by a relatively high seismicity. The active seismogenic structures and the related potentially destructive events are located in the proximity of the political boundaries between several countries existing in the area. An example is the seismic region between the NE Italy (FVG, T...

Since 2002 the OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia) and the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria) are collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data in real time. The data exch...

Earthquake activity in Slovenia in 2013 was higher than a year before. The Seismic Network of the Republic of Slovenia (SNRS) has recorded 2482 local earthquakes, 47 of which had a local magnitude higher than or equal to 2.0. The inhabitants felt more than 113 earthquakes, among which one reached a maximum intensity of V–VI EMS-98. The strongest ea...

Since 2002 OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), and the Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenija) are using the Antelope software suite as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving an...

In the frame of the European Commission project "Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe" (SHARE), aiming at harmonizing seismic hazard at a European scale, the compilation of a homogeneous, European parametric earthquake catalogue was planned. The goal was to be achieved by considering the most updated historical dataset and assessing homogenous ma...

Before an earthquake occurs, microseismic noise in high frequency (HF) range, i.e. 2-25 Hz, is being generated during preparation process. These signals change the microseismic noise and, consequently, the spectrum of microseismic noise. Time variation of spectra recorded at the same seismological station could imply the change of the state of nois...

In the frame of the European Commission project "Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe" (SHARE), aiming at harmonizing seismic hazard at a European scale, the compilation of a homogeneous, European parametric earthquake catalogue was planned. The goal was to be achieved by considering the most updated historical dataset and assessing homogenous ma...

In the paper a calibration study of the local magnitude scale in Slovenia is presented. The Seismology and Geology Office of the Slovenian Environment Agency routinely reports the magnitudes MLV of the earthquakes recorded by the Slovenian seismic stations. The magnitudes are computed from the maximum vertical component of the ground velocity with...

Seismicity of the Ljubljana Basin, the most densely populated area of Slovenia, is evaluated as "moderate" with a seismic hazard characterized by design ground acceleration of 0.25 g and expected intensity VIII EMS-98 for a return period of 475 years. So far the seismic hazard has been evaluated solely on the basis of historic seismicity, the large...

Povzetek Leta 2011 je bila potresna dejavnost v Sloveniji manjša kot prejšnje leto. Državna mreža potresnih opazovalnic RS je zabeležila 1920 potresov v Sloveniji ali bližnji okolici, 20 jih je imelo lokalno magnitudo večjo ali enako 2,0. Prebivalci so čutili vsaj 38 potresnih sunkov, štirje so dosegli največjo intenziteto IV–V EMS-98. Potres z naj...

In 2011, earthquake activity in Slovenia was lower than a year before. Seismic network of the Republic of Slovenia recorded 1920 local earthquakes, twenty with a local magnitude higher or equal to 2.0. inhabitants felt more than 38 earthquakes, four among them reached maximum intensity IV–V EMS-98. largest earthquake was on 20 August at 10.49 UTC (...

The earthquake of 26 March 1511 and its impact on the territory of present-day Slovenia Five hundred years ago, on 26 March 1511, this region suffered one of the worst earthquakes in this part of Europe. It caused huge material damage and many fatalities, and consequences were felt for many years. It happened in complex times, which makes it more d...

V okviru raziskave smo se po prvi sondaži gradiva in literature (osnovni arhivski popis, arhivska pomagala, ohranjenost listin) osredotočili na sistematično pregledovanje gradiva v izbranih arhivih. Natančno smo pregledali tudi objavljeno literaturo, ki zajema čas prve polovice 16. sto-letja in bi lahko dala podatke o informacijah o potresu 26. mar...

Earthquake activity was moderate in 2009. The inhabitants experienced more than 32 earthquakes. The earthquake with the maximum intensity occurred on 27 October at 19.24 UTC (21.24 Central European Time (CET)) in the vicinity of Rateče. The local magnitude of the earthquake was 2.0 degrees (ARSO, 2009-2010), and at its highest intensity was V on th...

Earthquake activity was increased in 2010. The inhabitants felt more than 85 earthquakes, eight among them reached maximum intensity V EMS-98. The strongest earthquake occurred on 15 January at 14.20 UTC (15.20 Central European time / CET) with hypocentre in the vicinity of Postojna. Its local magnitude was 3.7 (ARSO, 2010-2011) and the highest int...

Earthquake activity was increased in 2010 in comparison with year 2009. The inhabitants felt more than 85 earthquakes; the maximum intensity of the eight strongest earthquakes was V EMS-98. The earthquake with the largest magnitude happened on 15 January at 14:20 UTC (15:20 Central European time / CET) with hypocentre near Postojna. Its local magni...

In the past, just a few earthquakes have been recorded annually in the vicinity of Naklo, but in February 2010 almost 200 weak to moderate earthquakes were located in this area. The inhabitants were quite disturbed as the media attention at this time was still focused on the consequences of the Haiti earthquake on 12 January 2010, which caused a lo...

We have estimated the quality factor, Q β for shear-waves for western and central Slovenia for five frequency bands centred at 0.8 Hz, 1.5 Hz, 3.0 Hz, 6.0 Hz and 12.0 Hz. We used 150 high quality broadband waveforms, from 15 shallow (depth < 8km) aftershocks of the 2004 (Mw 5.2) Krn Mountain earthquake sequence in NW Slovenia. Magnitudes (M L) rang...

In the period 2002-2006 the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) in Udine (Italy), the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Vienna (Austria), the Dipartimento di Geoscienze (DiG) of the Trieste University in Trieste (Italy), the Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO) in Ljubljana (Slovenia)...

Earthquake activity was moderate in 2009. inhabitants felt more than 32 earthquakes. strongest earthquake according to its maximum intensity was on 27 October at 19.24 UTC (21.24 Central European daylight saving time / CET) in the vicinity of Rateče. Its local magnitude was 2.0 (ARSO, 2009-2010), and the highest intensity V EMS-98. On 23 January at...

Earthquake activity in Slovenia was moderate in 2008. The residents felt more than 37 earthquakes. The strongest earthquake occurred on 19 April at 01:49 UTC (03.39 Central European daylight saving time) in the vicinity of Zagorje ob Savi. Its local magnitude was 3.1, and the highest intensity V-VI EMS-98. The earthquake caused minor material damag...