Miyoshi Ayama

• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor Emeritus at Utsunomiya University

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences and similarities between human-perceived fabric stretchability and the mechanical property values of fabrics, considering weave, knitting, and other structural variations and materials. Therefore, we created an elasticity scale based on mechanical properties and calculated a numerical e...

Evaluations of “neatness,” “naturally accustomed to,” and “preference” were conducted using the stimuli of real clothes and images. Stimuli were the combination of a simple top and a straight/wide black pants with various lengths and silhouettes of the top. Four groups of women observers (students from Fashion, Human Life and Science, and Engineeri...

In the field of tunnel lighting design, a linear relationship in double logarithmic plots with a slope of minus 0.5 has been widely referred to as the relation between average road surface luminance and the overall uniformity of road surface luminance with keeping object visibility constant. This indicates that if the uniformity of road surface lum...

Our previous work revealed that the vision‐based color representation of congenitally color‐deficient observers (CDOs) was mostly C‐shaped bending at yellow and blue that differed from circular shape of the observers with no color vision deficiencies called CNOs in the study. In this study, the color‐name‐based internal color representation was inv...

This study was aimed at expressing stretchability of various fabrics. The stretchability evaluation of various fabrics was quantified. For this, we defined “stretching sensation of fabric (SSF),” which quantifies the elasticity evaluation by humans. We compared the stretchability of fabrics with different fibers, weaves, and yarn thicknesses (test...

In this study, conducted as basic research to develop a package design evaluation support system, our aim was to clarify the effects of design elements such as size, spacing, position, and color of patterns on consumers' kansei in transparent vegetable packages. Targeting tomatoes, a widely consumed product in the market, we created and presented v...

The appearance of color stimuli can be measured psychophysically using two major techniques: (1) elementary color naming and (2) categorical color naming. On the relation between the two naming techniques, a network model (published 20 years ago) autonomously labels colors without retrieving color names from a database and has the flexibility to ad...

Purpose The study aimed to clarify differences in fabric hand perceptions among Japanese and Chinese participants and implement online shopping strategies that enable consumers to easily recognize fabric texture. Design/methodology/approach Forty (20 Japanese and 20 Chinese) participants knowledgeable about clothing and fabric were recruited. Part...

This study attempted to clarify the influence of design elements, such as the size, spacing, position, and color of letters in a product name and transparent packages in vegetables, on consumer kansei, as a foundational study for developing a support system for package design evaluation. We focused on tomatoes, which are widely consumed in the mark...

The overall lightness of the whole surface of a fabric under non-uniform and uniform lighting conditions was investigated. In the experiment, the perceived lightness of the bright, dark, and whole area of pieces of glossy and matte fabric placed on a pseudo-sine-wave board under different combinations of directional and diffused lights was measured...

Difference scaling experiment was conducted to investigate the mental color representation of congenital color-deficient observers and observers with normal color vision. Two decks of cards, high and medium chroma, each containing 10 Munsell chips, were prepared. A total of 45 pairs of hues were prepared for each of the decks. Ten protans, 10 deuta...

High-power LED floodlights for sports stadiums such as baseball and soccer stadiums have become increasingly popular and have already been installed in many facilities. LED floodlights consist of many LED chips that each have a small and high luminance light-emitting surface. Therefore, when a ball overlaps with the lighting fixture in a player’s v...

This study investigates the change in the color appearance of a small stimulus with a diameter of 0.5° presented at various locations along the vertical and horizontal meridians in the visual field. To determine the color appearance, the hue and saturation judgment method and the categorical color naming method were used. The results obtained using...

To investigate individual property of internal color representation of congenital red-green color-deficient observers (CDOs) and color-normal observers (CNOs) precisely, difference scaling experiment using pairs of primary colors was carried out for protans, deutans, and normal trichromats, and the results were analyzed using multi-dimensional Scal...

How and to what extent the increase of C ab * affects on various subjective evaluations for congenital red-green color deficiency (CVD) and normal color vision (NCV) observers was investigated using scenery, food, and graph images. Results of "Pale vs Deep" evaluation indicate similar tendency for all color vision types in all test images, indicati...

This research aims to explain the visual information observed through videos that demonstrated fabric stretch capabilities, including factors such as the surface of the fabric being stretched and the surrounding area. As a result, the stretch conditions serving to communicate the degree of stretch of the fabric, stretch distance, and stretch speed...

We investigate immanent dichromaticity in trichromatic observers by using MDS (Multidimensional‐Scaling). The results show that color‐constellations yielded when observing R‐G neutral‐ and Y‐B only changed‐stimuli provides strong evidence of concave‐shaped dichromic. The results of additional paired comparison tests on subjective saliency reveal th...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal rotary motion conditions to create drapes in fabric to visually convey tactile “softness/hardness” and identify key physical factors in visual evaluations of fabric “softness/hardness” via videos of fabric draping. Design/methodology/approach Subjects evaluated visually and by touch, the “...

Advances of lighting technology make it possible to realize various types of space lighting from strongly directional to highly uniform. In this study, the effect of mixture ratio of directional and diffused light on KANSEI evaluations of the object and scene, black lacquer bowl with tofu sample in nearly uniform and achromatic background is invest...

Yuki-tsumugi is a traditional Japanese silk fabric. In the production of this silk fabric, a splashed pattern based on a picture is first created on a sheet of exclusive grid paper. Second, piece goods is woven based on the pattern plan. Finally, a kimono is produced from the piece goods. However, estimating the appearance of changes to a kimono du...

The purpose of this research is to clarify how cloth attributes, knowledge on clothing, sensory modality influence the sensibility evaluation of fabric respectively. We prepared 20 each group of subjects with different clothing knowledge, and conducted a sensitivity evaluation experiment with two kinds of touching methods (tactile and visual tactil...

Light-emitting diode (LED) light sources are increasingly being used. One LED light source is composed of many small LED chips, so the luminance distribution varies depending on the number and arrangement of the LED chips. Quantitative relationships between non-uniform light sources, such as LEDs, and discomfort glare rating have been widely report...

To examine the quantitative relationship between the degree of discomfort glare and a number of photometric quantities, experiments were conducted using red LED lamps for automotive lighting devices. Illuminance at the observer’s eye and effective glare luminance proposed by Tashiro et al. were employed as photometric quantities. The results show t...

Yuki-tsumugi is a traditional silk-weaving technique found principally in Yuki City and Oyama City, along the Kinu River, north of Tokyo. The purpose of this study is to investigate major characteristics of Yuki-tsumugi by subjective evaluation and physical properties. We carried out sensory inspection to evaluate tactile sensation of Yuki-tsumugi...

The previous study reported by some members of the Research Group for Glare Evaluation of Outdoor LED Light Sources established in the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan, showed that luminance based photometric quantities have a stronger correlation to discomfort glare evaluation than those based on equivalent veiling luminance or illumina...

Color classification using a pixel distribution criteria based on the categorical color database was done, and the adequateness of the criteria was examined by color naming experiment. Fifteen color categories were employed. For the category groups of “red”, “green”, and “blue”, the criteria as well as the categorical database look fairly good, but...

To investigate the best blue and green primary for color display from KANSEI-evaluation point of view, evaluation experiment using Semantic Differential method was carried out using four different blue primaries, and five different green primaries, in Exp.1 and 2, respectively. In Exp.1, results of 430nm, 450nm, and 470nm blue primaries showed simi...

A simulation method to determine adaptation luminance is proposed for implementation of the CIE mesopic photometry system. The simulation takes four factors into account: luminance distribution, eye movement of observers, surrounding luminance effect and area of measurement. Each factor is modelled as a two-dimensional geometrical function. The met...

In order to provide practical and useful data for display design, border detection with various levels of surround luminance from 0.001 to 500 cd/m2 is investigated. The results indicated that luminance difference for border detection exhibits a monotonically increasing curve against the reference luminance on a logarithmic scale. To compare the lu...

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the visual and tactile evaluations of the “thickness” and “thinness” of a piece of fabric, and to develop photographs of pieces of fabric adapted to the described degree of “thickness” and “thinness” using the evaluation results. We carried out two fabric texture evaluation experiment...

At present, there is no internationally accepted method of evaluation that converts discomfort glare in pedestrian zones into numerical form. While LED streetlights are rapidly coming into wide use, their light-emitting parts are often nonuniform in luminance compared with streetlights that employ HID lamps. This nonuniformity has been noted as a f...

This study clarifies the impact that the display method of fabric drapes has on texture evaluation when it is changed dramatically in order to identify an image display method that allows easier judging of drape texture in online shopping environments. A texture evaluation experiment of drapes in three different states (static, rotating, and combin...

This study aimed to identify common words in order to evaluate the appearance and tactile sensation of clothes in online shopping. Initial data collection extracted 170 words, which three groups of observers evaluated for appropriateness by describing the look and feel of the clothing they encountered. These groups consisted of 13 female students m...

To investigate the best blue primary for color display from KANSEI-evaluation point of view, evaluation experiment using Semantic Differential method was carried out using four different blue primaries of 430nm, 450nm, 470nm, and 480nm at 60cd/m2. The same experiment was done for 450nm, 470nm, and 480nm at 170cd/m2. In the results of 4 primaries, 4...

Relative amount of straylight in the eye of individual observers was estimated using a psychophysical method proposed by Shinoda et al. Asymptotic illuminance of disturbing light presented in front of observer’s eye to blur different sizes of the gap in the Landolt C was measured with the haze filters of which haze factors were known. From the rela...

In this study, we propose color images with color enhancement for congenital red–green color deficiency on the basis of the model proposed by Mochizuki et al. [In Terrassa, Spain: Proceedings for CGIV, Springfield VA: IS&T 2008;208–213] with the aim of facilitating color customization in displays used by color-deficient observers. Three types of co...

Quantitative relations between discomfort glare evaluation and photometric quantities such as illuminance at the observer’s eye, average luminance of the source area, average luminance of the effective area and effective glare luminance for white LED sources having a variety of spatial luminance distributions have been investigated. Effective glare...

This chapter describes the adaptation of individual consumers with regard to shopping for clothes online. Consumers who shop online are sometimes disappointed if the textural and tactile properties of purchased clothing differ from their expectations. However, some observers can determine cloth quality quite well from an image. Understanding how su...

抄録 Recently, LED lighting has become widely used in offices and schools. Thus workers and students have to do visual task under artificial light for several hours a day. In this study, we compared the effect of CCT and the spectral distribution of light sources on visual fatigue using four light sources including white LED and fluorescent lamps. Si...

Speckle is a random distribution of a radiant power density or an irradiance on the observation plane (retina of observers in the laser display) due to the interference of randomly phase-modulated wavefronts. Since a color is synthesized by the superposition of red-green-blue (RGB) primary-color lasers in laser displays, if the speckle patterns of...

This study aims to clarify whether the difference in light source (white LED and fluorescent lamp), affects the readability of various colored text on various colored backgrounds. We also investigated whether the readability of color letters was different for readers under of different ages. Test stimuli with 20 color combinations were compared in...

With recent advances in high dynamic range displays, high-gradation displays have been actively studied. High-gradation displays have more than 256 gradations. When a luminance range of a display is very wide, a luminance-difference between each pixel value becomes small by increasing a gradation number. If this luminance-difference is larger than...

We investigated quantitative relation between shading on the surface and the perceptual evaluation of depth using primary and secondary cylindrical objects using 2D and 3D displays. Results showed that luminance gradient of the secondary object that gives most natural protrusive perception as a cylinder is the same as that of the primary object. In...

Mesopic mechanism is explained from three viewpoints below. First, three pathways from the retina to the LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus), MC-pathway, PC-pathway, and KC-pathway, are described. The fact that rods share the common route with cones in the MC-pathway in a sophisticated manner is shown, and that might be a cause of instability of mesop...

Lacquer crafts are distributed over Southeast Asia from the East Asia such as China and Korea, Vietnam, Myanmar including Japan. Especially, a Japanese lacquer is well-known traditional crafts. Its color is jet black but people feel different texture because it is made by complicated and multi step manufacturing process such as coating and polishin...

In this study, we investigated the simultaneity perception between a visual stimulus and its associated sound. We carried out experiments of an auditory-visual stimulus presentation using an audio-video clip of a man beating a drum on a road. The visual stimulus had a feeling of depth with a perspective view of the road. There were four kinds of di...

A study conducted a discomfort glare experiment with eight elderly people with the same test used with the young people to evaluate glare from color light-emitting diodes (LED). Six types of color LEDs were used as the discomfort glare light sources to conduct the investigations. The experiment was carried out in a darkroom at a viewing distance fr...

The effects of tone curve and display size on Kansei evaluation of High Dynamic Range (HDR) images were investigated with Japanese and Chinese observers. Forty HDR images (5 tone curves x 4 sizes x 2 contents) were evaluated for Kansei impression using a semantic differential (SD) method with 16 Japanese and 16 Chinese observers with normal color v...

We investigated the quantitative relation between the shadow on an object's surface and the perceptual evaluation of its depth using primary and secondary objects. The luminance gradient causing protrusive perception of the secondary object depended on whether it was perceived to be in front of or behind the primary object.

In This study, we investigated the perception of simultaneity between a visual stimulus and its associated sound by using an audiovisual clip of a man beating a drum on a road. The vanishing perspective of the road gave a feeling of depth. The video camera was placed at "presentation distances" of 5, 10, 20, and 40 m from the man. We presented the...

Two experiments, using color images of Japanese lacquer objects, investigated the relation between the strength of blackness and the visual and artistic impression of digital color images presented on a display. The first experiment determined the mean RGB values of black surface areas in the test stimuli where observers began to perceive the areas...

Today, the opportunity to appreciate visual contents on the device of various sizes, such as an large theater, a cellular phone, etc. has increased. In addition, contents are appreciated in various different environments, such as in the train, and the outdoors, etc. However, the impression from the same image may differ in the different environment...

The light-emitting diode (LED) has attracted attention as an alternative light source to fluorescent and incandescent lighting. The characteristics of LED light are different from other sources, but regulations for LED products have not been completely established. Common LED lights, such as automotive lamps, street lighting systems and traffic lig...

High dynamic range (HDR) color images are evaluated for Kansei impression by two groups of observers: Japanese and Chinese. Twenty HDR images were created by converting each of five HDR images with different tone curve properties into four screen sizes. As a result, the subjective rating value for the psychophysical properties of images, such as “L...

In this study, we propose color images with color-weak correction on the basis of Mochizuki's model with an aim to achieve color customization in displays for color anomalous observers. The study results show that color-weak correction is effective in increasing the preference scores of protan and deutan observers.

White Lane Mark Detection by Extracting Regions with Predefined Width from Road Images

A uni® ed system of photometry is proposed that is based on human vision and allows the speci® cation of visual stimuli at all light levels. To be useful, however, photometry can never be entirely synonymous with vision. Additivity is an essential characteristic of photometry, yet many visual responses, such as brightness matching, incorporate visu...

Border detection between two stimuli was investigated over a wide range of reference luminance conditions for various surround luminance levels. Results indicated that luminance contrasts for border detection exhibit a U-shaped curve against the reference luminance, and are discussed in relation to physiological properties of human visual system.

In order to examine whether the 'color-weak correction ' is effective to the evaluation of KANSEI properties for color deficient observers, six kinds of test images corrected with 5 levels of color-weakness were assessed by normal and anomalous trichromat. In some images, the best performance is occurred at the strong degree of correction for deute...

This study investigated equivalent perceptions between a visual stimulus and its associated sound. We carried out experiments of an auditory-visual stimulus presentation using audiovideo clips of a man beating a drum on a road. The visual stimulus had a feeling of depth with a perspective view of the road. We produced auditory-visual stimuli at pre...

We conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, influence of the luminance of surround annulus field Ls on perceived blackness of the central circular field of which luminance was fixed at Lc was investigated. Scaling procedure from “bright gray” to “deep black” was used. In the second experiment, perceived blackness of the black area in the...

In recent years, various displays are being used for different purposes. Viewing conditions are also diverse, for example, seeing digital color images or movie on cellular phone, LCD, plasma display, LC projector, or LED display indoor or outdoors. Therefore, an appropriate technique is required to design colors of contents according to the kinds o...

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of the lightness of main objects (Lt), background (Lb), and the lightness contrasts (|Lt-Lb|/Lav), upon observers' KANSEI impression, and further to investigate their relation to the screen size. In this experiment, 17 pictures with different lightness contrasts were taken by the digital camera. 6...

We investigated the effects of voice training on subjective evaluation of voice. First, we collected 305 words which represent voice characteristics and narrowed them down to 10: ‘sweet’, ‘vivid’, ‘calm’, ‘pleasant’, ‘muffled’, ‘high-pitched’, ‘thin’, ‘husky’, ‘clear’, and ‘thick’, that would be used to evaluate voice characteristics. We then carri...

In this study, we investigated how the luminance ratio of the surround field (Ls) to that of the central field (Lc) influence the perceived blackness of the central field in a simple configuration of concentric circle (Experiment 1) and in digital images of masterpieces (Experiment 2). Results of Experiment 1 showed that perceived blackness of the...

Comprehension of a sentence under a wide range of delay conditions between auditory and visual stimuli was measured in the environment with low auditory clarity of the level of -10dB and -15dB pink noise. Results showed that the image was helpful for comprehension of the noise-obscured voice stimulus when the delay between the auditory and visual s...

Humans can put different colors together and categorize them as "red", " yellow", or "orange" etc. This is called categorical color perception. We applied this property of human color vision to area segmentation for road images in order to compensate color tone change of road images depending on light condition on a road. Basic map of categorical c...

This study focused on an effect of sound transfer functions (STFs) on the equivalent perception between a visual stimulus and its associated sound. We performed experiments of an auditory-visual stimulus presentation using an audio-video clip of a man beating a drum on a road which had a feeling of depth with a perspective view. We employed four ki...

Today, the opportunity to appreciate visual contents on the device of various sizes, such as a large theater, a cellular phone, etc. has increased, and techniques in consideration of environment and KANSEI are required. In order to perform KANSEI evaluation of visual contents, one of typical methods is Semantic Differential Method. However, KANSEI...

We investigated the effect of asynchronization between visual and auditory stimuli of speech movies upon the correct acquisition of the speech contents under various auditory-noise-conditions. We presented movies of a female announcer's face uttering short sentences to subjects who were asked to repeat the sentence aurally. All sentences consist of...

In this study, we quantitatively expressed the change in perceived whiteness of whitish surfaces under 3000 K and 6700 K fluorescent lamps. The experimental results of the previous study plotted in the CIECAM02 (a, b) plane were well fitted by a bivariate normal distribution. Furthermore, we conducted the experiment to determine the relative values...

This study investigated the equivalent perception between a visual stimulus and its associated sound. Experiments of an auditory-visual stimulus presentation using an audio-video clip of a man beating a drum on a road were performed. The visual stimulus had a feeling of depth with a perspective view of the road. The visual stimulus was projected on...

In this study, two experiments were conducted to clarify the relation between RGB values and perceived blackness. In the first experiment, the average RGB values of black surface areas in the test stimuli where observers begin to perceive the areas 'black', and further another average RGB values where observers perceive the areas 'really black' wer...

Many white and nearly white objects are in our living and working areas, such as documents written on white paper, white curtains, white clothes, white walls, and white furniture. The perceived whiteness of these objects is important to the impression of the lighting in these areas. To investigate the perceived whiteness in living areas, a series o...

To assist night-time driving, night vision systems (NVSs) present the image of forward visual field taken with an infrared/near-infrared camera to a driver. We investigated whether such systems detect a visual target (i.e., a pedestrian, a road sign, or obstacles) faster than conventional low-beam forward lighting does. Our results showed the NVS i...

The additivity of flicker responses produced by two different wavelengths λ1 and λ2 was investigated for five adapting levels of 560 nm by the summation-index method. A summation-index value of σ of 0.30 was obtained for all conditions employed, confirming the linear property of the achromatic channel. The additivity of unique chromatic responses,...

We examined effects of contrast and character size upon legibility of Japanese text stimuli presented on visual display terminal (VDT). In the experiment, three different character sizes were employed and the text stimulus was presented under a variety of conditions where contrast between the text and the background changed. Reading speed and the r...

This study investigated the equivalent perception between a visual stimulus and its associated sound. Auditory‐visual stimulus presentation experiments were performed using an audio‐video clip of a man beating a drum on a road. The visual stimulus, with a perspective view of the road, imparted a depth sensation. Visual stimuli were projected onto a...

To compare brightness judgment, we conducted two experiments. In the first one, the observer evaluated the brightness of a space while within it ("observer's space") by determining the illuminance of another room which gives an impression of equal brightness to that of the "observer's space". In the second one, the observer evaluated the brightness...

The simultaneity of auditory and visual information on a wide screen is evaluated. The presentation of an auditory-visual stimulus using a computer graphics image of a patrol car and the sound of its siren, where either the auditory or visual stimulus was delayed at the start of the presentation, was also evaluated. The onset asynchrony between the...

Curved roads where driving is difficult can cause traffic accidents. To avoid such accidents, the cognitive properties of drivers on curved roads should be investigated more precisely. We examined the functional visual field of drivers in various types of roads, such as curved and straight roads. Our results show the functional visual field on curv...

Although a white surface is a strong cue in the judgement of the color appearance of surfaces, the area of a perceptually white surface under different light sources has not been precisely specified. In this study, the Munsell chips categorized as being in the perceptually white area were determined under two different fluorescent lamps with correl...

The effects of performing a visual task and/or conversation task on a functional visual field (FVF) on a dynamic background simulating a driving situation were experimentally studied. A red or pink circular target was briefly presented somewhere on a movie scene depicting driver's view, and the observer's task was to indicate the target's position....